SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
第5章    芳   香
      烃
一、苯分子的结构
               sp2




(a) 苯分子中 σ 键   (b)P 轨道形成大 π 键   (c) 环平面上
下的 π 电子云
二、苯同系物的异构现象和命名法
 1. 异构现象
    二烷基苯
                             CH
                              3
   CH
    3           CH
                 3


        CH
         3


                     CH
                      3
                             CH
                              3

 邻二甲苯        间二甲苯         对二甲苯
1,2- 二甲苯     1,3- 二甲苯     1,4- 二甲苯
 o- 二甲苯       m- 二甲        p- 二甲苯
              苯
三烷基苯

CH
 3         CH
            3             CH
                           3


     CH
      3         CH
                 3

     CH
      3
                     CH
                      3        CH
                                3
           CH
            3



连三甲苯      偏三甲         均三甲苯
          苯
2. 命名法
  常见基团

  芳基           aryl
   Ar-
苯基        phenyl      Ph-   C6H5

  苄基 ( 苯甲基 )                CH2

  benzyl
苯、甲苯作母
    体    CH3
                       1
                           2   CH(CH 2
                   6               3)
      CH(CH ) 3
       3   2               3
                   5
                       4
    1- 甲基 -5-( 正 ) 丁基 -2- 异丙
    基苯
    将连有最简单烷基的 C 作为第 1
注   位;取
意
    代基位次总和最小;优先基团后列
       CH3
    出。
                               1- 甲基 -3- 丙烯基
                  CH CH    CH3 苯
苯环作取代
  基
    C CH
                   苯乙
                   炔
     CH CH CH CH CH
      2           3
              CH
               3
                    4- 甲基 -1- 苯基 -2-
    硝基     (-NO 2 ) 或卤素 (-X) 一
                    戊烯
        般只作取代
基 不作母体 ; -SO 3 H 、 -COOH 或
          -CHO
   肯定作母体 , 编号为 1 。
       COOH

                      3- 硝基苯甲
             NO
              2
                      酸
三、苯的化学性质
 苯的亲电取代反应
1 主要的反

  应卤代反
 应                      Cl
              FeCl3
     + Cl2    55-60¡æ        + HCl
                        氯苯
                        Br


     + Br2     Fe            + HBr
             55-60℃
                        溴苯
硝化反应
                     NO2

           ŨH2SO4
 + HONO2                     + H2 O
            52℃

                     硝基苯

 磺化反
应                     SO3H


+ HOSO3H                     + H2O

                     苯磺
                     酸

More Related Content

Featured

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 

Featured (20)

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 

化学课件

  • 1. 第5章 芳 香 烃
  • 2. 一、苯分子的结构 sp2 (a) 苯分子中 σ 键 (b)P 轨道形成大 π 键 (c) 环平面上 下的 π 电子云
  • 3. 二、苯同系物的异构现象和命名法 1. 异构现象 二烷基苯 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 邻二甲苯 间二甲苯 对二甲苯 1,2- 二甲苯 1,3- 二甲苯 1,4- 二甲苯 o- 二甲苯 m- 二甲 p- 二甲苯 苯
  • 4. 三烷基苯 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 连三甲苯 偏三甲 均三甲苯 苯
  • 5. 2. 命名法 常见基团 芳基 aryl Ar- 苯基 phenyl Ph- C6H5 苄基 ( 苯甲基 ) CH2 benzyl
  • 6. 苯、甲苯作母 体 CH3 1 2 CH(CH 2 6 3) CH(CH ) 3 3 2 3 5 4 1- 甲基 -5-( 正 ) 丁基 -2- 异丙 基苯 将连有最简单烷基的 C 作为第 1 注 位;取 意 代基位次总和最小;优先基团后列 CH3 出。 1- 甲基 -3- 丙烯基 CH CH CH3 苯
  • 7. 苯环作取代 基 C CH 苯乙 炔 CH CH CH CH CH 2 3 CH 3 4- 甲基 -1- 苯基 -2- 硝基 (-NO 2 ) 或卤素 (-X) 一 戊烯 般只作取代 基 不作母体 ; -SO 3 H 、 -COOH 或 -CHO 肯定作母体 , 编号为 1 。 COOH 3- 硝基苯甲 NO 2 酸
  • 8. 三、苯的化学性质 苯的亲电取代反应 1 主要的反 应卤代反 应 Cl FeCl3 + Cl2 55-60¡æ + HCl 氯苯 Br + Br2 Fe + HBr 55-60℃ 溴苯
  • 9. 硝化反应 NO2 ŨH2SO4 + HONO2 + H2 O 52℃ 硝基苯 磺化反 应 SO3H + HOSO3H + H2O 苯磺 酸