This is the slideshow I presented in Orlando, Florida to the Florida Physical Therapists in Private Practice for our Annual meeting.
We discussed Medicare Accountable Care Organizations and how private practice physical therapists can effectively compete in a vertically integrated healthcare delivery system that is trying to cut costs and increase quality.
Pioneer Accountable Care Organization Model. Available at http://innovations.cms.gov/documents/pdf/Pioneer%20FSG%2005%2023%202011.pdf. Accessed 08/14/2011.Sick Around the World.Frontline. 2008. Available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/view/?autoplay
Lakdawalla, D. N., J. Bhattacharya, and D. P. Goldman, Are the Young Becoming More Disabled? Health Affairs, Vol. 23, No. 1, January/February 2004, pp. 168-176.Sturm R, Ringel J, Lakdawalla D, Bhattacharya J, Goldman DP, Hurd M, Joyce GF, Panis C and Andreyeva T. Obesity and Disability: The Shape of Things to Come. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9043-1
Overview Shared Savings Program. Available at https://www.cms.gov/sharedsavingsprogram/. Accessed 08/14/2011.Pioneer Accountable Care Organization Model. Available at http://innovations.cms.gov/documents/pdf/Pioneer%20FSG%2005%2023%202011.pdf. Accessed 08/14/2011.
Rosenthal MB, Cutler DM, Feder J. The ACO Rules - Striking the Balance Between Participation and Transformative Potential. NEngl J Med. 2011;365;e6:p1-3.Consequences of Risk Sharing for ACOs That Accept Two-Sided Risk.The solid blue line indicates the level of shared-savings payments to an ACO (where the line is above the x axis) or obligations to repay Medicare (where the line is below the x axis) as a function of Medicare spending for the population of patients attributed to the ACO. Shared savings are capped at 7.5% of the target, and the ACO receives 60% of any savings above the minimum savings threshold, which is 2% of the target spending level. When Medicare spending exceeds the target, the ACO is obligated to pay 60% of the excess with a similar 2% threshold for payment. Payments to Medicare for excess spending in the ACO are capped at 5% in the first year, and the cap increases by 2.5 percentage points in each of the subsequent 2 years.
Improving Quality of Care for Medicare Patients: Accountable Care Organizations. DHHS – CMS. April 2011. Available at https://www.cms.gov/MLNProducts/downloads/ACO_Quality_Factsheet_ICN906104.pdfCAHPS Clinician survey available at https://www.cahps.ahrq.gov/cahpskit/files/352a-4_AdultSpec_Eng_4pt_V1.pdf
Improving Quality of Care for Medicare Patients: Accountable Care Organizations. DHHS – CMS. April 2011. Available at https://www.cms.gov/MLNProducts/downloads/ACO_Quality_Factsheet_ICN906104.pdf
Smith BA. Physical Therapists’ Make Accurate and Appropriate Discharge Recommendations for Patients Who are Acutely Ill. Phys Ther. May 2010;90(5):693-703.
Deyo RA et al. Trends, Major Medical Complications and Charges Associated with Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Older Adults. JAMA. 2010; 303(13): 1259-1265. Available at http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/303/13/1259.full.pdfResults: Overall, surgical rates declined slightly from 2002-2007, but the rate of complex fusion procedures increased 15-fold, from 1.3 to 19.9 per 100 000 beneficiaries. Life threatening complications increased with increasing surgical invasiveness, from 2.3% among patients having decompression alone to 5.6% among those having complex fusions. After adjustment for age, comorbidity, previous spine surgery, and other features, the odds ratio (OR) of life-threatening complications for complex fusion compared with decompression alone was 2.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50-3.49). A similar pattern was observed for rehospitalization within 30 days, which occurred for 7.8% of patients undergoing decompression and 13.0% having a complex fusion (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.74-2.17). Adjusted mean hospital charges for complex fusion procedures were US $80 888 compared with US $23 724 for decompression alone.The problem of “rouge specialists” was discussed at the 6th Annual South Florida Conference Empowering Healthcare, Engaging Consumers of the Florida Health Care Coalition on August 10th, 2011
Medicare Claims Show Overuse for CT Scanning. New York Times by Walt Bogdanich and Jo Craven McGinty. Published: June 17, 2011. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/18/health/18radiation.html
Chou R, Qaseem A, Owens DK, Shekelle P. Diagnostic Imaging for Low Back Pain: Advice for High-Value Health Care From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:181-18. Available at http://www.annals.org/content/154/3/181.full.pdf+html
Tinetti ME et al. Shared Risk Factors for Falls, Incontinence and Functional Dependence: Unifying the Approach to Geriatric Syndromes. JAMA. 1995;273(17):pp1348-1353.
Tinetti ME et al. Shared Risk Factors for Falls, Incontinence and Functional Dependence: Unifying the Approach to Geriatric Syndromes. JAMA. 1995;273(17):pp1348-1353. 927 community-dwelling adults aged 72 years and greater who completed baseline and follow-up examinations.Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and co-morbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27.
Stanton TR, Fritz JM, Hancock MJ et al. Evaluation of a Treatment Based Classification Algorithm for Low Back Pain: A Cross Sectional Study. Phys Ther 2011;91(4):pp.496-509.Cleland JA, Mintken PE, Carpenter K, Fritz JM, Glynn P, Whitman J, Childs J. Examination of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Patients with Neck Pain Likely to Benefit from Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation and a General Cervical Range-of-Motion Exercise: Multi-center Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2010;90(9): 1239-1250.Whitman JM, Cleland JA et al. Predicting Short Term Response to Thrust and Non-thrust Manipulation and Exercise in Patients Post Inversion Ankle Sprain. JOSPT. March 2009;39(3):188-200.Currier LL et al. Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Patients with Knee Pain and Clinical Evidence of Knee OA Who Demonstrate a Favorable Short-term Response to Hip Mobilization. Phys Ther, 2007;87(9):pp.1106-1119.
Heckerling et al. Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Infiltrates. Ann Int Med. 1990;113(9):664-670. Crackles/Rales are caused by delayed opening of alveoli in deflated regions of pathologically inflammed lung.McGee S. Evidence-based Physical Diagnosis. 2nd ed. 2007. Saunders-Elsevier.The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence Based Clinical Diagnosis. Simel DL and Rennie D. JAMA Evidence, McGraw-Hill, 2009
Heckerling et al. Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Infiltrates. Ann Int Med. 1990;113(9):664-670.
Heckerling et al. Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Infiltrates. Ann Int Med. 1990;113(9):664-670.
According to clinical guidelines, the gold standard for diagnosing pneumonia is the presence of lung infiltrates indicated by chest radiography. The Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Available at www.cebm.netNiederman DS. Recent advances in community-acquired pneumonia: inpatient and outpatient. Chest. 2007 Apr;131(4):1205-15.
“Although elaborate scoring systems for breath sound intensity and for wheezing have been developed they are not clearly better than the customary normal vs. abnormal dichotomization.” (p.151)The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence Based Clinical Diagnosis. Simel DL and Rennie D. JAMA Evidence, McGraw-Hill, 2009
The LR is used to assess how good a diagnostic test is and to help in selecting an appropriate diagnostic test(s) or sequence of tests.A LR greater than 1 produces a post-test probability which is higher than the pre-test probability. An LR less than 1 produces a post-test probability which is lower than the pre-test probability. The Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Available at www.cebm.net
McGee S. Evidence Based Physical Diagnosis, 2nd Ed. 2007. Saunders/Elsevier.
Christensen C. The Innovator’s Prescription. 2009. McGraw-Hill The Survivor. Forbes Magazine. March 14, 2011.
Conn VS et al. Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Among Healthy Adults. Am J Pub Health. 2011; 101(4): 751-758. Meta-analysis of 358 reports of 99,011 patients. Effect size equal to 496 ambulatory steps per day.
Conn VS et al. Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Among Healthy Adults. Am J Pub Health. 2011; 101(4): 751-758. Meta-analysis of 358 reports of 99,011 patients. Effect size equal to 496 ambulatory steps per day.
Moerman DE. Deconstructing the Placebo Effect and Finding the Meaning Response. Ann Int Med. 2002;136: 471-476.
Weschler ME et al. Active Albuterol or Placebo, Sham Acupuncture or No Intervention in Asthma. N Engl J Med. July 2011;365: 119-126.Moerman DE. Deconstructing the Placebo Effect and Finding the Meaning Response. Ann Int Med. 2002;136: 471-476.Blackwell et al. Demonstration to Medical Students of Placebo Responses and non-drug factors. Lancet. 1972;1:1279-82.Cobb et al. An Evaluation of Internal Mammary Artery Ligation by a Double Blind Technic. N Engl J Med. 1959;260:1115-8.
Ingram D, Fell N, Cotton S, Elder S, Hollis L. Patient Preference, Perceived Practicality, and Confidence Associated with Physical Therapist Attire: A Preliminary Study. 2011.HPA Resource / HPA Journal: 11(2); ppJ2-J8.
Ingram D, Fell N, Cotton S, Elder S, Hollis L. Patient Preference, Perceived Practicality, and Confidence Associated with Physical Therapist Attire: A Preliminary Study. 2011.HPA Resource / HPA Journal: 11(2); ppJ2-J8.
Ingram D, Fell N, Cotton S, Elder S, Hollis L. Patient Preference, Perceived Practicality, and Confidence Associated with Physical Therapist Attire: A Preliminary Study. 2011.HPA Resource / HPA Journal: 11(2); ppJ2-J8.
Ingram D, Fell N, Cotton S, Elder S, Hollis L. Patient Preference, Perceived Practicality, and Confidence Associated with Physical Therapist Attire: A Preliminary Study. 2011.HPA Resource / HPA Journal: 11(2); ppJ2-J8.
The Six Sources of Influence (p.78), Influencer: The Power to Change Anything. Patterson et al. 2008, McGraw-Hill, NY.
Tousman S. Patient Engagement: Building Effective Self-Management. 6th Annual South Florida Conference Florida Health Care Coalition. August 10, 2011.Teaching Tip Sheet: Cognitive Dissonance. American Psychological Association. Available at http://www.apa.org/pi/aids/resources/education/dissonance.aspx
Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative webinar. ACOs: What is all the noise about? July 13th, 2011. Available at http://pcpcc.net/webinar/acos-what-all-noise-about .Doctors respond very well to data that shows INDIVIDUAL (not aggregated) practice variation. These 12 primary care docs were from the SAME PRACTICE and this slide prompted important conversations AMONG DOCTORS that changed their prescribing behaviors and lowered costs. Payers and policymakers should take heed when attempting to influence physicians’ decisions.
A Novel Plan Helps Hospital Wean Itself Off Pricey Tests.Fuhrmans V. WSJ. January 12, 2007
2009 PT Benchmark Report. HCS Consulting. Available at www.HCSConsulting.com
Stavrinaki K. The Health Story Project: Clinical Narrative and Structured Data in the EHR: Venus and Mars live in Harmony with CDA4CDT. AHIMA Conference, October 2009
SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine -- Clinical Terms), is a systematically organized computer processable collection of medical terminology covering most areas of clinical information such as diseases, findings, procedures, microorganisms, pharmaceuticals etc. It allows a consistent way to index, store, retrieve, and aggregate clinical data across specialties and sites of care. It also helps organizing the content of medical records, reducing the variability in the way data is captured, encoded and used for clinical care of patients and research.
The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence Based Clinical Diagnosis. Simel DL and Rennie D. JAMA Evidence, McGraw-Hill, 2009
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Development and validation of risk prediction algorithm (QThrombosis) to estimate future risk of venous thromboembolism: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343:d4656. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4656 Preventing Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism: A Guide for Effective Quality Improvement. AHRQ. August 2008. Available at http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/vtguide/
Sixth Annual HealthGrades Patient Safety in American Hospitals Study. April 2009. Available at http://www.healthgrades.com/business/img/PatientSafetyInAmericanHospitalsStudy2009.pdf
Preventing Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism: A Guide for Effective Quality Improvement. AHRQ. August 2008. Available at http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/vtguide/
Hart DL et al. Effect of Fear Avoidance Beliefs of Physical Activities on a Model That Predicts Risk-Adjusted Functional Status Outcomes in Patients Treated for a Lumbar Spine Dysfunction. JOSPT 2011;41(5):pp.336-345.Calley DQ, Jackson S, George SZ. Identifying Patients Fear-Avoidance Beliefs by Physical Therapists Managing Patients with Low Back Pain. JOSPT. 2010:40(12):pp.774-783.
Waddell G et al. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic LBP and disability. Pain 1993; 52(2): 157-168.
Haggman S, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Screening for Symptoms of Depression by Physical Therapists Managing Low Back Pain. Phys Ther. 2004; 84:1157-1166.Nemececk D. Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care. 6th Annual South Florida Conference Empowering Healthcare, Engaging Consumers of the Florida Health Care Coalition on August 10th, 2011
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and co-morbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27.
http://www.apta.org/PQRS/ (APTA log-in required)
Improving Quality of Care for Medicare Patients: Accountable Care Organizations. DHHS – CMS. April 2011. Available at https://www.cms.gov/MLNProducts/downloads/ACO_Quality_Factsheet_ICN906104.pdf
Direct Access: A Check List for Physical Therapist Clinicians. American Physical Therapy Association. Available at http://www.apta.org/DirectAccess/ClinicianChecklist.
Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2020: Letter Report. March 2011. Institute of Medicine. Available at http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2011/Leading-Health-Indicators-for-Healthy-People-2020.aspx