Ieee pimrc 2011 M2M challenges - WWRF - exalted

Challenges & Trends
for
Next Generation M2M/IoT
Dr. Thierry Lestable
Technology & Innovation Manager, CTO group
SAGEMCOM SAS

Mobile Broadband (MBB) Experience
Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work

Traffic Generated

= 24 x = 515 x
= 122 x

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011

12/09/2011 Wireless World Research Forum 2

Smart City
What we are looking for….ultimately…

Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…

Exploding MBB Traffic
COVERAGE ERA

Capacity

CAPACITY ERA

HetNets
are the
solution

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011


Connected objects: Segmentation map


M2M Market:
Maturity assessment

Source: ORANGE


Wireless M2M: 4 pillars


M2M Deployment Challenges

Source: Yankee group, 2008


High Level (simplified) M2M
Architecture
Capillary
Network

Operator
platform

M2M
Gateway

Client
Application


Trends in Key functionalities
for M2M
•Intelligent devices (processing power, •Object discovery services, associated
sensing and context awareness, with additional information such as location,
communication) time, sensor information (IETF ESDS =
•Efficient internetworking of Extensible Supply chain Discovery
heterogeneous networked embedded Service); object classes (identifiers,
devices; sensors, actuators, transmitters/bridges,
•Platform for shared information; Access to processors)
information in a secure and trusted •Miniaturization (nano-technology):
manner;composable information for new towards smart dust
services of Real World Integration (RWI) •Hierarchical communications networks
•Distributed decision making (from short-range to wide area), pervasive
•Interfacing from capillary network communications; Real time infrastructure;
technologies to telecom networks, and from Resilience (ability to respond to failures)
M2M capabilities to service platforms •Energy efficiency and harvesting
•Security and privacy at Networked
Embedded Device, infrastructure and
service levels
•Identity management: multiple identifiers
for people, machines, objects; identity
assignment

eMobility Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) 2010

Cellular M2M Deployment:
Challenges & constraints
• M2M Services Market Awareness
• Revenue per Connection
– Low ARPU, BUT low Churn
• Complex Business Models & Pricing
• Network Scalability & Complexity
• Interoperability & Standards
– Spectrum fragmentation, refarming, Certifications
• Connectivity
– Interworking, Interop, life-cycle
• Energy Efficiency
• Reliability of the Network
– Service Level Agreement (SLA): reliable connectivity
• Applications
– Facilitate Application Developers’ work

Source: FP7 EXALTED, report D2.2

Benefits from M2M
Standardization
• Faster & more efficient solutions to M2M
barriers
• Interoperable M2M services & networks
– Wider Market & Reuse solutions
• Cost-effective
– Facilitate Certifications
– Facilitate licensing/IPR


M2M Standards Landscape

WAN

Capillary


M2M Ecosystem’s Jungle

Source: Orange


ETSI TC M2M
Use Cases

TR 102 692 TR 102 732 TR 102 857 TR 102 898 TR 102 897
Smart eHealth Connected Automotive City
Metering consumer automation
PUBLISHED
TS 102 689
Stage 1 M2M Service
Requirements PUBLISHED
TR 1xx xxx TR 102 725
Interworking M2M
with M2M Area TS 102 690 Definitions
Networks Stage 2 M2M Functional
Architecture

TR 102 935 TR 101 531 TR 102 167
Smart Grid TS 102 921 Re-use of 3GPP Threat analysis and
Stage 3 nodes by M2MSC counter measures
impacts on M2M Communications;
mIa, dIa and mId interfaces layer to M2M service
M2M layer


Smart Digital Home

Convergence
towards
Internet of Things (IoT)

Smart Digital Home Price decrase Vs Added Value
Services & Customization

Innnovation Global Solutions

SIP

Flexibility Technical Support

Very High Throughput
Enabling Middleware
more advanced services Open Software & SDK
FTTH

Local Connectivity
3.0 &
Device Management

Tungsten


Smart Digital Home:
Towards IoT
-Ubiquitous
-Seamless Connectivity
-User Centric
-Ambient Intelligence
-Social Network
-Sustainable

Micro-
generation

)))


SMART HOME:
enabling added values services

Micro-
generation

)))

-Heterogeneity
-Standards
-Devices
-Increased A ‘box’ will stay as
-Complexity Reference point
-Traffic
Concentrating capillary NW

Home Network
Convergence
Video Access Environme eHealth
Security Femtocell Screen Set Top Box HGW Meter Control nt Appliance Sensor
Sensor

BROADBAND HOME NETWORK SENSOR NETWORK
Quadruple Play Energy Managt, Home Control, eHealth

QoS / Plug and Play / Easy install / Security

Portable Applications
OSGI
TR69 TR69 / SNMP

DLNA
UPnP IP V6
IP V4 / V6 6LoWPAN / ZigBee

Ethernet, WiFi, Home Plug , USB, G.Hn
ZigBee, CPL, MBUS, X10
DECT, FXS, 3G/4G


Capillary Network &
Wireless Sensors Network (WSN)

Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions towards IP
smart objects…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) evolution
Price Scalability

Cabling Proprietary ZigBee 6lowpan
radio + network Internet

Z-Wave, prop. ZigBee and 6lowpan
Any vendor
ISM etc. WHART ISA100

Cables Vendor Complex Open development
lock-in middleware and portability

1980s 2000 2006 2008 ->

Increased
Productivity


Konnex (KNX)

Worldwide Home & building Automation

European Installation Bus (EIB) is
an European Std (ISO), created in 1987.
It is thus Open Std.
• International Std: ISO/IEC 14543-3
• European Std:
• CENELEC EN50090
• CEN EN 13321-1 / 13321-2
• Chinese Std: GB/Z 20965
• US Std: ANSI/ASHRAE 135


KNX: The EIB Bus

EIB Bus system principle
Medium Transmission:
-Twisted Pair (TP)
-Powerline (PL)
-RF


ISA 100: Industrial Automation
ISA100.11a Wireless is based on ISA: International Society for Automation
IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN) & IETF 6LoWPAN

802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz used as in standard
Except: carrier sensing is optional
802.15.4-2006 MAC sub-layer used as in the standard
ISA100.11a adds MAC features on-top of this
Channel hopping
Slotted hopping and slow hopping
Time coordination
No MAC retransmissions
No 802.15.4 beacon mode features used

WirelessHART


Bluetooth
(Master in one piconet can be
Piconet (up to 7 active Devices) bridge
a slave in another)

2.4 GHz ISM band
79 x 1MHz channels

BT version Throughput (Mbps)
v1.2 1
v2.0+EDR 3
v3.0 + HS 24
Star Topology scatternet

Max Range Max Power
1998 - BT technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed. Class (m) dBm mW
Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement 1 100 20 100
1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced. 2 10 4 2,5
3 1 0 1
2003 - announcement of Version 2.1.
2004 - v 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.
2005 - v 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.
2007 - v 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
2009 - v 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.
Wi-Fi as alternate PHY/MAC
2010 – v4.0: WiBree (Ultra Low Power) integrated into Bluetooth,
as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Up to 7 controllers


Zigbee

IEEE 802.15.4 features
Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps.
Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing.
Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks.
CSMA-CA channel access.
Automatic network establishment by the coordinator.
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
Power management to ensure low power consumption.
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I
and one channel in the 868MHz band.


Home Automation


Wavenis OSA


IP for Smart Object (IPSO) Alliance

Support Activities Activities
– IETF 6LoWPAN – Interoperability Tests (IOT)
– IETF ROLL – Architecture Design
– ISA100 – Technology Proof of
– IEEE Concepts (PoC)
– White Papers
– Tutorials/Dissemination


SMART GRIDS

Micro-
generation

)))

Revenue: 2.5 Billion EUR from HW only


Smart Grids revenues & ROI

- Smart Grids Wireless Revenues expected to
reach 166Million EUR worldwide in 2015 (3 to 4%
or Wireless M2M)

Return On Investment (ROI):
-Smart Meters: 5 Years
-Smart Grids: add 10 Years

Source: IDATE

Smart Grids – Worldwide status
- Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) are first deployed

Regulation
&
Government incentive plan
Are Crucial !

Source: IDATE

European Commission
Mandates
CEN, CENELEC and ETSI have set up a joint
group to coordinate activities on the
mandates in the field of Energy:

M/441: Smart metering (ongoing)
M/468: Electrical vehicles chargers (ongoing)
M/490: Smart grid- Launched 1st March
2011


European Commission:
Mandate M441 / Smart Meter

« The General objective of this mandate is to create
European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters
(water, gas, electricity, heat), which can then improve the means by which
Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised
in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands
(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering’) »


European Commission:
Mandate M441 / Smart Meter


Automated Meter Management
(AMM)/Smart Meter benefits

Demand Side Well-
Well-functioning
Management and Automated Meter internal Market:
reduction of CO2: Management:
Better consumers
Reduction of peak load by
Data storage information
consumers information Events storage Better frequency and
Easier connection for Remotely managed quality of billing data
distributed generation Soft Assist the participation of
shedding systems consumers in the electricity
Better network observability supply market
Demand side management Reduction of operating Easier access to data (IS
and better fraud detection system costs: or TIC)
in small isolated system will Reduction of cost and
limit tariff compensation Reduction of reading and delay of interventions
interventions costs
Reduction of “non technical
losses”
Reduction of treatment of
billing claim
Easier quality of supply
management
No need of user presence to
do simple operations

Electricity Meters: French status
Multi-index
‘Blue’ Meter Electronic Meter
electromechanical Meter

16.5 Million meters Linky
7.5 Million meters
AMM
9 Million meters
33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanical
Only 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.
Little or no communicating:
Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed modification
needs a DSO intervention,
Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering info.
At most two reading a year
Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at home.
Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structure
Suppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,…


Smart Metering: Deployment
illustration


From Smart
To Smart
Home
Building
Energy
Collection
Unit
WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
www

LAN LAN

Front-end SAGEM
communication Communications
server
Energ
y
Load
Real Time ! boxes
management

Micro-
generation
Application Energy
server operator

ENERGY GATEWAY

AMR
Local
Display


Grids meet Telcos


VTel reached agreement with CVPS/GMP
(merging) to provide Smart Metering
Communications services, thank to the LTE
Wireless Open World (WOW) network (fully
deployed by 2013), funded via Gvt Broadband
rural plan.

WOW


- Currently rolling out WiMAX Network
- 150 sites
- 12000 Smart Monitoring devices
- 3000 Mobile Field computers
- 200 Substations

- Already plan migration to FULL LTE
Network
- Trials in 2011: 15 sites


Worldwide Mobile Broadband
Spectrum
FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz
FDD Hong-Kong
7 3
China Mobile
2600 1800
AWS TeliaSonera Genius Brand
Vodafone CSL Ltd
O2 …
Major TD-LTE Market
… (incl. India)

Verizon
metroPCS AT&T
21
NTT DoCoMo
1500

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
Digital Dividend
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is yet another critical problem!


Investing in LTE: 237 Operators
in 85 Countries

26 Commercial LTE NW launched
161 LTE User Devices
(July 2011)

174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries
63 additional pre-commitment trials

93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in
Commercial service by end of 2012!


LTE Ecosystem is maturing
Smart Phones

fast!

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…


Vertical Markets in LTE


LTE Royalty Level: Need
for Patent Pool facilitation?

14.8%

LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO

M2M Critical constraint
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!

© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)


LTE & 4G patents

$12.5 billion

6000+ patents
24000+ patents

$4.5 billion

WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion
Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!
$340 Million $770 Million
Monopoly?


Machine-Type Communications
(MTC) in 3GPP


3GPP MTC: Service REQ

MTC Common Service REQ Details

Device Triggering MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with the MTC
Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established

Addressing MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device inside a
private IP address space

Identifiers uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.

Charging Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.

Security MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communications

Remote MTC Device Management The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)


3GPP MTC: Features
MTC Feature Details

Low Mobility MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC device

Time Controlled MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid unnecessary
signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.

Time Tolerant MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator to prevent
MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network overload)

Packet Switched (PS) only network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDN

Small Data Trx The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signalling overhead,
network resources, delay for reallocation)

Mobile originated only Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)

Infrequent Mobile Terminated MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications Reduce Mobility Management Signalling

MTC Monitoring Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) Warning to MTC server (other
actions configurable by user)

Priority Alarm Theft, vandalism, tampering Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)

Secure Connection Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.

Location Specific Trigger initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operator

Network Provided Destination for MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP address.
Uplink Data

Infrequent Transmission The network shall establish resource only when transmission occurs

Group Based (GB) MTC features 1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for the data that is
sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforced
GB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices that are
members of that MTC Group


LTE:
Local IP Access (LIPA)


LTE:
Selected IP Traffic Offload
(SIPTO)

SIPTO Traffic

CN
L-PGW
MME
RAN
S5
S11

S1-U S5
eNB S-GW P-GW

UE CN Traffic


LTE: IP Flow Mobility and
Seamless Offload (IFOM)
IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM) is
used to carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic
over WIFI to offload Femto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6


GSMA
- Smart Card Application Group (SCAG)
- Embedded SIM Task Force
- Updated remotely with operators credentials (even
after sale)
- Secure re-provisioning of alternative operators

Liaison with
ETSI Smart Card Platform (SCP)
Then to 3GPP CT6


Verizon LTE Innovation
Center

LTE Connected Car Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV


WiMAX –
M2M & Smart Grids

IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n

WiMAX community turns to
M2M
IEEE 802.16p IEEE 802.16n (GRIDMAN)
– Machine-to-Machine – Smart Grids
(M2M) – Emergency, Public
– Approved: Sept. 2010 Safety!!
– Expiration: Dec. 2014 • Misleading title, stands
for:
– Greater Reliability In
URL: Disrupted Metroplotian
Area NW
http://ieee802.org/16/m2m/ind
ex.html – Approved: June 2010
– Expiration: Dec. 2014

URL:
http://wirelessman.org/gridma
n/index.html


WiMAX M2M: Requirements
& Features
Extremely Low Power Consumption
High Reliability
Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)
Extremely Large Numbers of Devices
Addressing
Group Control
Security
Small burst transmission
Low/no mobility
Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)
Time Tolerant operations
One-Way Data traffic
Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)
Extremely Long Range Access
Infrequent traffic

Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…

WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts
M2M Requirements & Potential Directions with impacts on Standard
Features

Low Power Consumption Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl, Ctrl Signalling,
Device Cooperation.

High Reliability Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation procedures. Device
Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g. diversity)

Enhanced Access priority BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure

Transmission attemps Large Numbers Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entry
of Devices

Group Control Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation, BW
request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols

Small burst transmission New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation protocols,
Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small Data. Smaller resource unit!

Low/no mobility Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt be turned off. Idle mode.
Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.

Extremely Long Range access Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmission

Infrequent traffic Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocol

Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility


M2M & Security

Need for Regulation & Mandates

IoT, European Commission


IoT, European Commission

Need for Governance Actions
– Privacy & protection of personnal Data
– Trust, Acceptance & Security
– Standardization

Internet of Things

Internet of Things for People


Privacy Protection: 4 facets


IoT: Privacy act (US)

Notice

Privacy

Labeling Deactivation


Need for Trust, Privacy & Security
Customer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified,
and exploited commercially
intrusive.

?


ITS overview


Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
Security & Safety
• Stolen vehicle tracking
• eCall Services
• Roadside Assistance
This market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country
specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar”
standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil
with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe
with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).

Interests in
automotive market

Road Charge Insurance
• DSRC Module • Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles
• GPS Tolling capabilities • Pay as you drive solutions with Crown
This market is expected to grow Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in
significantly thanks to environmental France & Italy.
policies in developed countries (Toll
Collect in Germany, Czech Rep,
Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in Navigation & Driver Services
France) and to efficient toll collect • Dynamic Traffic Information
programs in emerging countries. • Route Calculation
• Real-time Alerts
12/09/2011 Wireless World Research Very fragmented market.
Forum 75

Public Transports

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
&
infotainment

Kids VoD Music & Video
Streaming
News, social Net
Videos, music, sport
OS,
touchscreen user interface
Media players…

LTE radio


French Railway


FP7 EXALTED

EXpAnding LTE for Devices


LTE-M
PHY, MAC, RRC & Enablers
- support of huge number of devices in cell
- simplification of signal processing in order to reduce Power
Consumption & cost, reduce PAPR
- Random Channel Access
- Broadcast & Multicast enhancement

- new waveforms
- Antenna Techniques optimized for M2M
- Slotted Access to prevent RACH overload
- Persistent scheduling (e.g. VoIP) reduce signalling
- new coding schemes (LT, Raptors) for Broadcast/Multicast
@PHY Layer
- SON, Spectrum Sensing…

FP7 EXALTED: D3.1, ‘LTE-M Algorithms and Procedures’

Ubiquitous Connectivity,
Interoperability REQ
• Ubiquitous Radio Access
• Interoperability
– Seamless scenario with full Heterogeneous Networks,
collaborating towards same goal
• Multi-RAT + WSN
• Pervasive IP Connectivity
– Connectivity to internet
• IPv6 deployment
– Versatility:
• independent from vendors, HW etc… full interop
– Lower cost
• Unlike proprietary protocols, easy to deploy & maintain


Security REQ
• Prevention of intrusion & execution of code
• Intrusion detection
• Validation of nodes’ integrity
• Remote management of security services
• Integrity of transmitted data
• Confidentiality
• Non-repudiation
• Key management
• Authentication & authorization / NW Access
Control


Workshops on M2M
2011 2012
- IEEE Globecom 2011, - IEEE WCNC 2012,
Houston, Texas, US Paris, France

http://www.ict-exalted.eu/

Thanks for your attention…

http://www.ict-exalted.eu/

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