"If You Give A Kid A Burger" is an interactive online book that helps all ages understand how fast food affects the body and all of its systems and how to keep them healthy through providing alternate food options, diagrams, embedded vocabulary, activities, and much more!

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Tiffany Reynolds, Jane Gross, Faraz Soofi, Evan Shepherd, Chris Bates, Jacob

2. Dedicated to...
Mrs. Wootton
For her inspiring dedication to personal health
and fitness as well as her uplifting spirit in the
classroom.
We love you.
1

3. Table Of Contents
Personal Health Goals: (Pg 3)
Chapter 1: The Body's Chemistry and Tissues (Pg 8)
Chapter 2: The Body's Systems (Pg 14)
Chapter 3: Fast Food and Healthy Options (Pg 19)
Chapter 4: Cited Sources and Vocab (Pg 25;33)
About the Authors: (Pg 27)
2

4. Personal Health Goals
My name is Faraz and to stay healthy I eat a
good amount of calories per day, eat my
fruits and vegetables, get my needed
nutrition, and workout. I watch my diet and
make sure that I don't get too unhealthy. It is
important to stay healthy at a young age
because it will affect you in the future. I tend
to avoid fast food and eat home cooked
meals because it is much more healthy.
3

5. Personal Health Goals
My name is Jacob Hunter. I am helping
write this book because America is facing
a great problem in obesity. Fast foods and
exercise choices are to blame, and I think
this book can help educate. I personally
work on keeping my sugar intake low for
dental health, and I exercise daily to stay
in a better condition.
4

6. Personal Health Goals
I'm Tiffany Reynolds and I am not as
healthy as I could be. I used to be in track
and field and much more active, but in
11th grade I decided to focus entirely on
academics and my health suffered
because of it. Now that I don't have a
heavy workload, I'm bringing exercising
and eating healthier back into my lifestyle.
Being healthy in your younger years will
pay off or bite you in the butt in your later
years. 5

7. Personal Health Goals
My name is Evan Shepherd and I would like
to exercise a bit more than I do. I need to
run more than I do because that's a good
way to stay healthy.
6

8. Personal Health Goals
My name is Chris Bates and I am fairly
healthy, fit wise, but I do not eat as healthy
as I should. I run 3 miles and workout
everyday, and also I am in sports like track
and football. But even after football is over
my goal is that I want to stay in top notch
shape, and my challenge is to start eating
healthier foods and watching the fats and
carbs I am consuming.
7

9. L earnin g Tools
a nd Act ivities!
Look for underlined words when
you're reading! They lead to
supplemental resources (games,
quizzes, videos, ect.) that you can
access by clicking on them!
Merry Learning!

10. Chapter 1
The Body's Chemistry
and Tissues
8

11. Before we can begin to talk about the body’s
chemistry, we should make sure that there is a
clear understanding of cells. Cells are the “building
blocks of life”, and they are where many important
reactions and events take place. Cells of animals
and humans are round and filled with tiny
organelles within the cell itself. All of these
organelles are held in place by a substance called
cytosol. These organelles all handle very specific
tasks that are individual to each part. From
mitochondria, the power generators of the cell, to
the nucleolus, which is the brain, there are many
tasks and requirements that the structure of the
cell provides for itself. The kind of cells that are
found in the body of people and most other
animals are referred to as eukaryotic, meaning Cells help organisms everyday by functioning in the
that they are bound by a solid membrane on the body, which keeps organisms healthy. Some organisms
nucleus. The structure of these cells are very are single celled like bacteria and some are
important in relation to the function of the cells. multicellular like humans. Cells can find viruses, keep
body clean, keep body functioning, and protect an
organism's body. Cells have little organs inside of them
called organelles that have vital roles to help the
cells. Cells help with the different body systems and
help them with their functions, for example cells can
gather waste to help digestive system. There is a
reproductive system for the cells where one cell can
split into two cells and transfer DNA, which is used
when cells are slowing down and need to get work
done. Cells make up all the tissues in our body.
9

12. Epithelial Tissue
To keep this tissue that makes up Vitamin A can be found in dairy
your skin and other protective tissues products and in most vegetables. To
healthy and functioning properly you keep the epithelial tissue healthy
must consume certain vitamins, you must watch your diet and intake
especially Vitamin A. Vitamin A can a certain amount of nutrients
help heal this tissue when damaged everyday. The amount of Vitamin A
and have it function correctly and you take depends on age and gender,
possibly faster. It also protects usually the older you are the more
against bacteria and helps this tissue Vitamin A you need and vice versa. If
produce mucus to keep your organs you take too much Vitamin A it can
healthy. This tissue protects other damage the tissue and have very
tissues and organs in the body, so it severe side effects.
is crucial to keep it healthy.
This is a microscopic
picture of a simple
cuboidal epithelial
tissue type.
10

13. Muscular Tissue
One thing about the muscles is that there are
But the Skeletal muscle is the muscle that
two types of muscles that you really can’t control.
helps you with your joints, to move, and to lift
These are the Smooth and the Cardiac Muscles,
things. So some things you could do to keep this
because they both are involuntary which means you
muscle healthy:
don’t have to think about them in order for them to 1. Lift Weights & Running- This is a great way to keep, not
work. Lastly, there are the skeletal muscles, which only your muscles, but also your entire well being
are the very well known muscles in your legs, arms, healthy, one because not running and sitting around could
cause drastic gain in weight and weakening in muscles.
and torso. Examples include the forearm, bicep, 2. Stretching- This is a great way to keep your muscles loose
traps, hamstrings, and quadriceps. There are more and also prevent things like cramps, tears, and stressed
but those are the main ones. muscles.
The cardiac muscle is in the heart so 3. Eating Habits- Your muscles need lots of nutritious things,
one including protein, and some good ways to get this is
something you could possibly do is run to keep your through eating good foods like meats. Then there are
heart itself healthy. Then the smooth muscle is some foods that can negatively affect our muscles like
around your intestines and lower pelvis to help you greasy foods and fats.
urinate and poop.
11

14. Connective Tissue
To stay healthy, it’s very important to keep your
joints healthy. Your joints are mostly made of up
connective tissue. For example, the tendons you
find in your ankles or wrists, your ligaments
around all your joints, and the cartilage in your
knees is all made up of connective tissue. The
health and function of these joints are something
a lot of people take for granted, but they are
vital to your physical health.
Everyday a tremendous amount of pressure is
exerted upon your joints. As you walk or run, the
connective tissue in your knees and hips absorbs
the pressure exerted on your joints to protect
your bones. The connective tissue, such as the
cartilage in your knees, serves as a cushion for
your bones. If it was not there, your bones would
rub together and it would be extremely painful.
To keep connective tissue healthy its important
to remember to stretch before any strenuous Dense connective tissue is your
activity that could potentially strain a ligament
or a tendon. Another way to keep your tendons and ligaments. Adipose tissue
connective tissue healthy is by vitamin is your body fat. Areolar tissue holds
supplements. Vitamins like calcium and vitamin organs in place and connects tissues
D help rebuild the cartilage and other tissues
together. Compact bone tissue is your
worn down with age.
bones.
12

15. Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is located in the brain and spinal
cord. To keep your brain healthy you need to
make sure you are taking Vitamin E, Vitamin C,
Vitamin B, and Fish oil to keep it healthy. You
should also do things that engage your brain,
because just like your muscles the more you
use it the stronger and better it works.
Engaging your brain more can also help reduce
your risk of getting alzheimer's or dementia.
The function of nervous tissue it to react to
stimuli and conduct impulses to various parts
of the body to cause them to react.
Nervous tissue regenerates new tissue to repair
damage, but you shouldn’t treat it like a cut or
a bruise. This is your brain and spinal cord you’
re dealing with and so it could have some very
adverse effects depending on what and where
you damage. The nervous system is composed
of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is also
split into two different categories: peripheral and
central. The central nervous system is the brain
and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous
system is the nerves that run throughout your
body.
13

16. Chapter 2
The Body's Systems
14

17. Integumentary System
This is the organ system that protects
everything inside the body from
getting damaged. Some of its
functions are being waterproof,
getting rid of waste, protecting inner
tissues, and regulating temperature.
This is the biggest system and contains
three layers, the dermis, epidermis,
and hypodermis. The system protects
against infections, prevents
dehydration, generates Vitamin D, and
maintains the body's form. Overall,
this is one of the more important
systems and it plays a vital role that
protects other organs and tissues.
15

18. Digestive System
The digestive system is pretty
familiar territory to most people. It is the
track that food takes in order for the
body to absorb nutrients. It contains the
only organs that hold the ability to take
in nutrients, so it’s kind of a big deal.
Since it acts so directly with food and
diet it is an important part of keeping
your body healthy, it is critical that we
fully understand the process of the
digestive system.
First, food enters the mouth where saliva
is secreted to digest the smaller
molecules through an enzyme.
Remember, an enzyme is a chemical that
speeds up reactions.
16

19. Digestive System, Continued
The next step is the esophagus
sending the food down past your
lungs (hopefully) into your stomach,
where the real business happens.
The stomach has some intense acids
that digest protein and other
chemicals. Acids like your stomach’s
should dissolve the stomach tissue
itself, but don’t worry. The stomach
creates a mucus that guards against
the harmful acids. The stomach
flexes itself to shove the food and
liquids into the small intestine. The
last part of this journey is the food
heading through the small and large
intestines, where the walls of the
organ absorb the remaining nutrients
and moisture in solid foods, until
only waste remains. The waste is
then stored in the colon.
Activity: http://nature.ca/discover/exm/blddgstvsystm/index_e.cfm
17

20. Nervous System
The nervous system is composed of
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It
is also split into two different
categories: peripheral, autonomic and
central. The central nervous system is
the brain and the spinal cord. The
autonomic nervous system is the
nerves that go to your organs. the
peripheral nervous system is the
nerves that run throughout your body.
The functions of the nervous system is
to control and relay information to
and from the parts of the body. The
autonomic nervous system for
example controls heartbeat,
digestion, and all the functions of
your organs.
18

21. Chapter 3
Fast Foods and
Healthy Alternatives
19

22. Panda Express' Orange Chicken with Chow Mein
Serving Size: 15.1 oz
Fat content: 43g
Sugar content: 26g
Sodium: 1,680mg Technically, you can eat this meal, drink a water, and
not blow through any of your daily nutrition values.
However, you’d need to eat a pretty tiny breakfast and
Carbohydrates: 108 third meal. This meal alone puts you at about ⅔ of the
daily recommended fat intake, and the Chow Mein is nearly half
of your daily sodium on its own. You can at least feel fine about
the carbs: they are right on track with the recommended daily
nutrition. Be wary, though. This little meal can rack up about
Calories: 910 half of your daily calories. For a healthier option, try the
steamed rice. It will cut back on that sodium for you and fight
dehydration a bit better.
20

23. Taco Bell's Crunchwrap Supreme
Protein: 17 g
Fat content: 21 g
Sugar content: 7 g
Once again, the fast food sodium will get
Sodium: 1110 mg you with this Crunchwrap Supreme. The
hefty 1110 mg are about ⅔ of your daily
dosage, and twice the amount a regular meal
should take. Please, when ordering this item, take
Carbohydrates: 71 g it “fresco”. This cuts the fat content by a quarter
and will be a little easier on your body’s
chemistry.
Calories: 540
21

24. Mooyah's Burger
Protein: 6 g
Fat: 1 g
Sugars: 10 g
Sodium: 21 mg
Carbohydrates: 20 g
Burgers area unhealthy overall, but you can add
vegetables and other healthy items with it. A
good alternative that will fill you up is just
Calories: 113 eating the meat and having a side of vegetables
or fruit. This way you are eating nutritiously and
still getting a good meal.
22

25. Pizza Hut's Pizza
Pizza is very oily, has a lot of fat in the
Protein: 11 g cheese, and a unhealthy crust. The only part
that is kind of healthy is the tomato sauce.
These carbs are unnecessary, instead you
Fat: 10 g could have a salad and get something with
nutrition.
Sugar: 2 g
Sodium: 530 mg
Carbs: 27 g
Calories: 240
23

26. McDonalds
Angus Chipotle BBQ Bacon Burger
Protein: 45 g
Fat: 39 g
Sugar: 16 g
Sodium: 2020 mg
Carbs: 66 g Burgers from fast food restaurants, like
McDonalds, generally are not the best
choice if you want to be on the healthy
Calories: 800 side, due to fake produces being used
and consumed, and then the amount of
calories, fats, and carbs being taken in
just on one serving is not healthy at all.
24

27. Chapter 4
Cited Sources and
Vocab
25

28. Scientific
Vocabulary
26

29. About the Authors
27

30. Jacob Hunter spends most
Jacob
of his time restoring art and
designing ultra lightweight
Hunter
aircraft. He went to high
school at New Tech High @
Coppell, where he learned
how to master the skill of
technology management.
While this is his first
endeavor as an author, he is
very excited to see how the
public will receive this work.
He believes that health, both
physical and mental, is very
important for people to
maintain.
28

31. Faraz Soofi
My name is Faraz Soofi, I live in
Coppell, Texas and attend New Tech
High @ Coppell. I play sports like
basketball and football for fun. I did play
in the band for four years, I played the
saxaphone. I am strong in math and
science so I want to become an
engineer. I love taking new challenges
and I am very hardworking. I am
interested in the human body and
health, I want to study this and help
other people and myself.
29

32. Tiffany Reynolds
Hello Dear Reader, my name
is Tiffany Reynolds and I am
the Graphic Designer for this
lovely book. I am a senior at
New Tech High School in
Coppell, Texas and I love the
PBL Learning that allows us
to have quirky projects like
this to learn about the human
anatomy!
30

33. Chris Bates
My name is Christopher De'Jhan Bates I
am from Longview, TX and I moved to
Coppell when I was in 4th grade and I
went to Lee Elementary which is now
Newtech High @ Coppell, my high school.
​I play football for the Coppell Cowboys
Varsity team. Football has been a huge
part of my life since I fell in love with the
sport at the age of 6 maybe 7 years old,
playing for the Pee Wee Coppell League.
Even though I was the smallest kid on the
field, I guess it was just my heart and work
ethic and the mindset of wanting to be the
best on the field, that made me extremely
talented at the sport. But due to injuries
and other issues I have not yet played a
game in this 2012-13 season.
31

34. Evan shepherd
My name is Evan
Shepherd, I attend
New Tech High
School in Coppell, I
am a senior and I
like all the fun and
interesting projects
we do here.
32

35. Regina Bailey, Animal Cells
Retrieved at http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/animal_cells.htm
Cells functioning to help body. [ONLINE] Available at: http://betweenness.blogspot.
com/2008/10/how-do-cells-function-to-keep-organisms.html. [Last Accessed October 22, 2012].
What is a cell?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_cell.html.
[Last Accessed October 22, 2012].
Richards, Beth (2012).
What Kind of Vitamin Helps to Maintain Epithelial Cells?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ehow.
com/about_6454358_kind-helps-maintain-epithelial-cells_.html. [Last Accessed november 8, 2012].
(2011).
Epithelial Tissues. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/epithelial-tissues/. [Last
Accessed November 8, 2012].
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalTissues.html
http://www.nianow.com/story/20
http://www.nianow.com/story/2011/11/awareness-of-connective-tissue-sensing-integration
http://www.naturemade.com/products/common-needs/joint-and-bone-health
http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/nervous_system/about/Pages/index.aspx
http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx
http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/mammal/epithelial.htm
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/cell_quiz.htm
http://www.smm.org/tissues/index.php
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/skin-article.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfFBoIkdDgQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EpNHtL9OP8
33

36. Thank you for reading.
We hope that this book was helpful in making
healthy and wise choices regarding food and your
body's chemistry!

37. "Deliciously educational!
Critics are rating this book a 10/10 because of the helpful able to read and in
I wish we'd been information this the
"If You Give A Kid A
healthy options it supplies. my high school, maybe then I would
The Burger" is an interactive systems, tissues, healthy options, why not to eat fast
book goes over the body have actually paid attention...
online book that helps all
food, and personal examples. and not had so much extra
ages understand how fast food weight!"
affects the body and all of it's - Rosie O'Donnell
systems and how to keep them
"This is a
healthy through providing alternate
food options, diagrams, embedded videos, must-read for
vocabulary, activities, and much more! anyone trying to keep
the pounds off or just
keep their body healthy!
"As the editor for Look for it in my book club soon!"
Seventeen Magazine, I know all of
the things discussed in this book, -Oprah Winfrey
but man did I learn it the hard
way compared to being able
to just read this awesome
book! Three thumbs up!
-Editor of Seventeen
Magazine