2. Foundation
At the heart of Krumboltz’ own theory is Bandura’s
Social Learning Theory.
According to Bandura, there are 3 major types of
learning experiences:
Instrumental
Associative
Vicarious
4. Social Learning Theory of Career
Decision-Making
focuses on teaching clients’ career decision-making
alternatives
makes use of the concept of “triadic reciprocal
interaction”
emphasises the role of instrumental & associative
learning
5. Social Learning Theory of Career
Decision-Making
Developed to address the following questions:
Why do people enter particular courses or jobs?
Why do people change direction during their lives?
Why do people express various preferences for
different activities at different point of their lives?
6. A. Influential Factors in
Career Decision-Making
Genetic Endowment and Special Abilities
Environmental Conditions and Events
Learning Experiences
Task Approach Skills
7. B. Resulting Cognitions, Beliefs,
Skills and Actions
Complex interactions between the four preceding
types of influencing factors results in people forming
generalizations (beliefs) which represent their own
reality.
Self-Observed Generalizations
World-View Generalizations
8. C. Task Approach Skills and Career
Decision-Making
Krumboltz’ seven stage career decision-making model:
Define the Problem
Establish the Action Plan
Clarify the Values
Identify Alternatives
Discover Probable Outcomes
Eliminate Alternatives
Start Action
9. Potential Problems
Failing to recognize that a problem exists
Failing to make a decision or to solve a problem
Eliminating a potentially satisfying alternative for
inappropriate reasons
Choosing poor alternatives for inappropriate reasons
Become anxious over perceived inability to achieve goals.