The document discusses six Gestalt principles of cognition and design: proximity, similarity, figure-ground, closure, symmetry, and continuation. It defines each principle and provides an example to illustrate how it applies to visual perception and the grouping of objects.

1. KMK 2183
COGNITION AND
DESIGN

2. Gestault Principles
 Law of proximity
 Law of similarity
 Law of continuation
 Law of figure ground
 Law of closure
 Law of symmetry

3. Law of proximity
 Posits that when we perceive a
collection of objects, we will see
objects close to each other as forming
a group
 Eg : Web Form
grouped of personal
info, id info, email info

4. Law of similarity
 occurs when objects look similar to
one another
 people often perceive them as a group
or pattern
 eg : -remote control
-keyboard

5. Law of figure-ground
 captures the idea that in perceiving a
visual field, some objects take a
prominent role (the figures) while
others recede into the background
(the ground).
 Eg : -text book
-Genome desktop
environment logo

6. Law of closure
 occurs when an object
is incomplete or a space is
not completely enclosed. If enough of
the shape is indicated, people
percieve the whole by filling in the
missing information
 Eg: IBN logo

7. Law of symmetry
 when we perceive objects we tend to
perceive them as symmetrical shapes
that form around their centre. Most
objects can be divided in two more or
less symmetrical halves.
 Eg: -bracket [ ]
-Pepsi logo

8. Law of continuation
 Continuation occurs when the eye is
compelled to move through one
object and continue to another object.
 Eg: waterfall