3. 3 Steps to Avoid
Plagiarism:
0 Step 1 - Take good bulleted notes in your own
words; no complete sentences
0 Step 2 – Paraphrase your notes. Since your notes
are in your own words, you are putting your notes
back into complete sentences. This step is easy
once you have notes in your own words.
0 Step 3 – Citing your sources
4. Hints:
Step 1: Note-Taking
0 Read all the way through the material you are using for research.
0 AS SOON AS you decide to use the information, write down the
source information for your citations.
0 Write down the important pieces of information in your own
words.
0 Use a “bullet” form – no complete sentences. This eliminates the
danger of copying phrases from the original document.
“Note taking.”Photograph. SunySullivan. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.
12. Step 3: Citing Sources:
There are two ways to cite your sources:
0 Bibliography or Works Cited - at the end of your
project; this is always required!
0 Parenthetical citations - within the text of your
paper; you would add this feature when you write a
paper.
“student1.” Photograph. Research Haven. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.
13. Bibliography/Works Cited Format
0 Title – Bibliography vs. Works Cited
0 Style - MLA (Modern Language Association)-7th edition
0 4 essentials:
1. alphabetize citations
2. period at end of each citation
3. indent 2nd (and 3rd) lines
4. double space entire document
“A+ Rubber Stamp.” Photograph. Familywings. Web. 2 Nov. 2012
14. What does a complete and
correct Works Cited look like?
Works Cited (or Bibliography)
“Address Supporting the Constitution.” American History Online. Web.
19 Oct. 2011.
Hubbard-Brown, Janet. How The Constitution Was Created. New
York: Chelsea House, 2007. Print.
McDonald, Forrest. Enough Wise Men: The Story of Our Constitution.
New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970. Print.
Morris, Richard B. Witnesses at the Creation. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 1985. Print.
National Archives. “Constitution of the United States.” Charters of
Freedom. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.
15. Citing Print Books
0 Always look on the title page of the book for most of the information
you need – author, title, city of publication, publisher
0 Copyright date on back of title page – use the latest year given.
0 How to cite a print book:
Last name, first name of author. Title of the book in italics.
City of publication: Publisher, copyright year. Medium of
publication.
Nash, Gary B. Landmarks of the American Revolution. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2003. Print.
Schlager, Neil, and Jayne Weisblatt. Alternative Energy. Detroit:
UXL, 2006. Print.
Now you cite the book on your table.
16. In-class print book citation answers
Forester, C.S. The Barbary Pirates. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.,2007. Print.
Hatch, Alden. General George Patton: Old Blood & Guts. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.,2006. Print.
Lefkowitz, Arthur S. Bushnell’s Submarine. New York: Scholastic, 2006. Print.
Mann, Charles C. Before Columbus: The Americas of 1491. New York: Atheneum Books For Young
Readers, 2009. Print.
Morris, Jeffrey. The Jefferson Way. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 1994. Print.
Murphy, Jim. The Crossing: How George Washington saved the American Revolution. New York: Scholastic
Press, 2010. Print.
Sheinkin, Steve. The Notorious Benedict Arnold: A True Story od Adventure, Heroism, & Treachery. New
York: Roaring Book Press, 2010. Print.
Swanson, James L. Bloody Times. New York: Collins, 2011. Print.
Swanson, James L. Chasing Lincoln’s Killer. New York: Scholastic Press, 2009. Print.
Warren, Andrea. Under Siege! Three Children at the Civil War Battle For Vicksburg. New York: Farrar
Straus Giroux, 2009. Print.
17. Citing American History Online
and other databases
0 Most of what you will find in this database are chapters in reference
books. You will use example #5 on the Citation Guide.
0 Here is an example of how you should cite a chapter from a reference book
found through an electronic database:
Last name, first name of author. "Title of chapter in book in quotation marks."
Title of the book italicized. Subscription database italicized. Medium of
publication. Day month year of access.
Roberts, Priscilla. "Pearl Harbor." Encyclopedia of American Military History.
American History Online. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.
0 NOW: Open the US History: Embargo of 1807 LibGuide, go to the
electronic databases tab and open American History Online.
Search “monticello”, open the first “event or topic” found and cite
it.
18. In-class database citation answer:
Heith, Diane. "Monticello.” Encyclopedia of the
American Presidency. American History Online. Web.
31 Oct 2012.
19. Citing the Internet
0 How to cite an internet website:
0 Last name, first name of author or name of agency that authored the
material. "Title of the webpage in quotation marks." Title of the larger
website in italics. Medium of publication. Day month year of access.
0 The Thomas Jefferson Foundation. "Embargo of 1807." The Jefferson
Monticello. Web. 24 Oct. 2012.
0 Open the US History: Embargo of 1807 LibGuide, go to the
Internet Resources page and open the first website. Let’s cite
it together.
0 NOW: Open the second website and cite it yourself.
20. In-class website citation answer:
Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. “The Embargo of
1807.” Digital History. Web. 31 Oct 2012.
21. Yesterday?
0 What plagiarism is
0 Ways to avoid plagiarism
0 Works Cited page
“Pencils.” Photograph. Buzzsugar. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.
23. Citing Sources:
There are two ways to cite your sources:
0 Bibliography or Works Cited - at the end of your
project; this is always required!
0 Parenthetical citations - within the text of your
paper; you would add this feature when you write a
paper.
“student1.” Photograph. Research Haven. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.
24. What does a complete and
correct Works Cited look like?
Works Cited (or Bibliography)
“Address Supporting the Constitution.” American History Online. Web.
19 Oct. 2011.
Hubbard-Brown, Janet. How The Constitution Was Created. New
York: Chelsea House, 2007. Print.
McDonald, Forrest. Enough Wise Men: The Story of Our Constitution.
New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970. Print.
Morris, Richard B. Witnesses at the Creation. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 1985. Print.
National Archives. “Constitution of the United States.” Charters of
Freedom. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.
25. Parenthetical Citations
0 Parenthetical Citations
0 citing sources within the body of your paper
0 Purpose of a Parenthetical Citation - to indicate specifically
which information came from which source
0 Each parenthetical citation should refer clearly to one of the
items in the Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
0 You will call your list of sources “Works Cited” instead of
“Bibliography.”
26. Parenthetical Citations
What a parenthetical citation looks like:
A total of 74 delegates answered the call to the
Constitutional Convention. Over the 4 months that it took to
create a new constitution, however, only 55 delegates would
make an appearance. On average, 30 delegates attended
each day. They came from different backgrounds, but all
were landowners and most were educated. They ranged in
age from 26 to 81 (Hubbard-Brown 9).
27. Parenthetical Citations
Points to consider:
1. Appropriate form
• No pages?
• No author?
2. How often do you add?
• Parenthetical citations and Works Cited
sources have to match up
Libguide Example
28. Parenthetical Citations, No
Page Numbers
With most electronic or website sources, you
do not have page numbers to use in your
parenthetical citations.
Here’s what you do:
(Franklin n.pag.)
(National n.pag.)
29. Parenthetical Citations
with No Author
Use first important word in the title
Here’s what you do:
(Address n.pag.)
“Address Supporting the Constitution.” American History
Online. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.
30. Parenthetical Citation Activity
1. Take out homework
2. Practice parenthetical citation of your notes
3. Mrs. Kaplan and Miss Quilitzsch will check
