This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of organisms. It discusses the hierarchical classification system including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It also describes key invertebrate phyla such as porifera, coelenterata, mollusca, echinodermata, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida and arthropoda; and provides examples of organisms within each phylum.

1. Wolf Dog Cat Tiger
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora
Family Canidae Canidae Felidae Felidae
Canis Canis Felix Panthera
Genus
lupus familiaris domestica tigris
Species
Kindly Pay Cash Or Furnish Good Security
Kind People Can Ordinarily Find Good Seats.

2. The science of grouping and naming organisms
Taxonomy: on the basis of their similarities
 Ancient System of Classification
(Aristotle (384-322)
1. Animals: 2. Plants:
air dwelling, herb, shrub, or tree
land dwelling or
water dwelling

3. Modern System of
Classification (Carolus Linnaeus)
 Kingdom  Animalia Animalia
 Phylum  Chordata Chordata
 Class  Mammalia Mammalia
 Order  Primates Primates
 Family  Hominidae Pongidae
 Genus  Homo Pan
 Species  sapien troglodyte
variety, breed or race

4. C. Binomial Nomenclature: system of naming organisms
using “2” names
 1. The scientific name of an organism consists of its GENUS name
(capitalized) followed by its species name
(both underlined or italicized)
2. Examples: Human Homo sapien or
Homo sapien
??? Canis familaris
??? Canis lupus
??? Felix domestica

5. D. Five Kingdom Classification
Monera (Bacteria)
Protista (Protozoa, Algae)
Fungi (Mushrooms, mold, mildew…)
Plants (Flowering, Non-Flowering)
Animals (Invertebrates,Vertebrates)

6. INVERTEBRATES:
ANIMALS WITHOUT
BACKBONES
Major Phyla:
Porifera Coelenterata Mollusca Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Arthropoda

7. Porifera
 Once thought of as
being plants because
they are sessile, these
porous animals filter
the water for food
particles.
 Sponge can be found
both in freshwater
and in saltwater.

8. Coelenterata
 Most of the animals
in this phylum have
hollow, sac-like
bodies and stinging
tentacles.
 Members include
coral, sea anemones,
jellyfish and hydra.

9. MOLLUSCA
 These are the soft-bodied
animals. Besides being
known for their fleshy
bodies, mollusks usually
have protective outer
shells.
 Examples include the
bivalves such as clams
and the univalves such as
snails.

10. ECHINODERMATA
 These are known as
the Spiny-Skinned
Animals
 This phylum includes
starfish, brittle star,
sand dollar and sea
urchin.
 All echinoderms are
marine animals.

11. Platyhelminthes
 Better known as
Flat Worms
 Some may be free-
living while others
are harmful parasites
 Examples include
tapeworms, flukes
and the harmless
planaria

12. Nematoda
 Better known as round
worms, many nematodes
are important as
decomposers while
others are dangerous
parasites in humans and
our pets.
 Nematodes include
heartworms, hookworms,
trichina worms, guinea
worms...

13. ANNELIDA
 These are the
segmented worms.
 Examples include
earthworms, marine
sand worms, and
leeches.

14. Arthropoda
 The largest group of
animals in the world
 “Arthropoda” means
jointed-legged
 The 5 main clases of
arthropods include
insects, arachnids,
crustaceans,
millipedes and
centipedes.