Disampaikan pada Diskusi Kajian “Inovasi Pelayanan Publik di Wilayah Kalimantan” PKP2A III LAN Samarinda 12 Juni 2013

1. Disampaikan pada Diskusi Kajian
“Inovasi Pelayanan Publik di
Wilayah Kalimantan”
PKP2A III LAN Samarinda
12 Juni 2013
Tri Widodo W. Utomo

2. Fokus Diskusi
 Apa ruang lingkup/ dimensi Inovasi?
 Apa pressure for change/pressure to innovate-nya?
 Apa prakondisi untuk Inovasi?
 Bagaimana Inovasi dilakukan?
 Apa kendala/hambatan Inovasi?
 Bagaimana strategi Inovasi sektor publik (termasuk
untuk pelayanan publik)?
Pertanyaan2 inilah yang harus diajukan &
dijawab dalam penelitian!

3. Innovation in Public Services
• Innovation is a core issue for public services and is a
key element of public services reform  1) the age
of ‘innovate to do more with less’ (Stephen
Osborne); 2) doing more with less will continue to
be a feature of the public management
environment (Brendan Martin).
 Types:
– managerial change challenges;
– ICT and e-government;
– collaboration and networks.
Stephen P. Osborne (ed), Handbook of Innovation in Public Services

4. 6 Major Types of Innovation
1. E-Government, included initiatives to ease administrative
burden, introduction of ICTs, ‘electronification’ of public services to
raise quality and speed, the modernization of public
administration, etc;
2. Administrative simplification, ranging from simplification of
regulations to the restructuring of the public sector or its programs
and processes). This includes the reduction of barriers arising from
regulation and overly bureaucratic practices;
3. Public procurement;
4. Dissemination: A number of initiatives dealt with disseminating
innovation culture in the public sector & on possible best practices;
5. Public sector performance/workplace innovation;
6. Participation and / or cooperation between different actors, for
example, engaging the public, private companies, etc. in public
services or in the improvement of public services.
Hugo Thenint, 2010, Mini Studi 10 Innovation in the Public Sector

5. Forms of change
• Devolution of responsibility within each of the above closer to front
line management, often associated with ‘delayering’;
• Shift away from management by rules towards management by
results, associated with definition of performance targets & standards;
• Devolved budgets, often, but not invariably, including devolution of
responsibility for personnel and administrative costs;
• Competitive mechanisms, both external and internal;
• Cost-cutting, applying pressure on budgets, including limits on global
or specific human resources costs;
• Increased flexibility of function, mobility and remuneration systems;
• Reorientation of career development and training programs
consistent with the trends of decentralization, management by
results and flexibility.
Brendan Martin, 1997, Reform of Public Sector Management, A relevant question for
Unions in the Public Sector, Background paper for EPSU/ETUI Conference, Brussels,

6. Pressure for Change
Michael A. Hitt, Chet Miller, and Adrienne Colella, Organizational Behavior: A
Strategic Approach, Ch. 14 – “Organizational Change and Development”.

7. Pressure for Change
• Macro economic condition and budget constraint;
• Public attitudes and increasing criticisms of the
ineffectiveness and inefficiencies of delivering public
services through bureaucratic organizational
arrangements and the need to search for
alternatives;
• Higher standard of service quality demanded by
costumers  MSS should be upgraded on regular
basis !!

8. Precondition for Innovation

9. Innovation is most likely to
emerge and be sustained if:
• Public sector leaders are committed to achieving a supportive culture
where innovation is encouraged and lessons disseminated;
• Innovation is embedded in corporate strategy & adequately resourced;
• Staff have the requisite skills, training and development opportunities;
• Departments encourage internally-generated innovation and actively
engage with stakeholders to garner external ideas and innovations;
• There is a deep understanding of core business, government policy and
aspirations, the broader external environment and internal and
external sources of data and information;
• There are mechanisms in place to assess and respond to new &
emerging issues;
• Departments & agencies build organizational capabilities;
• Innovation is appropriately recognized and rewarded.
Commonwealth of Australia (2009), Innovation in the Public Sector: Enabling
Better Performance, Driving New Directions, Australian National Audit Office.

10. Ways of Innovation
• Incremental innovations / radical innovations (denoting the degree of
novelty, in industry most innovations can be considered incremental
improvements of already existing products, processes or services)
• Top-down innovations / bottom-up innovations (denoting who has
initiated the process leading to behavioral changes, “the top” –
meaning management or organizations or institutions higher up in the
hierarchy – or “the bottom” – meaning “workers on the factory
floor”, in this case public employees, civil servants and mid-level policy
makers)
• Needs-led innovations and efficiency-led innovation (denoting
whether the innovation process has been initiated to solve a
specific problem or in order to make already existing
products, services or procedures more efficient)
Hugo Thenint, 2010, Mini Studi 10 Innovation in the Public Sector

11. Barriers in Innovation
 Professional resistance and heritage.
 Absence or inadequacy of resources.
 Public resistance to change.
 Pace and scale of change.
 Size and complexity.
 Risk aversion and accountability.
 Technical barriers.
 Absence of capacity for organizational
learning.
Hugo Thenint, 2010, Mini Studi 10 Innovation in the Public Sector

12. Innovation Tactics / Strategies
• Show Benefits
• Social Marketing
• Demonstration Project
• Training
• Consultation
• Co-optation (with
opponent)
• Resource Finding
Hugo Thenint, 2010, Mini Studi 10 Innovation in the Public Sector
• Persistence
• Alliance
• Modify Technology
• Change Regulation
• Program Culturally
Sensitive
• Compensation

13. Ways of Innovation

14. Disampaikan pada Diskusi Kajian
“Inovasi Pelayanan Publik di
Wilayah Kalimantan”
PKP2A III LAN Samarinda
12 Juni 2013
Semoga Bermanfaat