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Indonesia haze
- 1. A Hazy Situation Transboundary Issue of Southeast Asia
- 2. What is transboundary issue? http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/eia/images/practical_guide/transp.jpg
- 3. What is transboundary issue? recently used for resource development and management planning refers to the movement of physical and biological resources or of impacts associated with these resources across political boundaries http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/eia/images/practical_guide/transp.jpg
- 4. Transboundary Pollution http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 5. Transboundary Pollution Pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 6. Transboundary Pollution Pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment by crossing borders through water or air http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 7. Transboundary Pollution Pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment by crossing borders through water or air from a heavy emitter and deposit it on a lower emission country http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 8. What is ‘Haze’? http://nigeldickinson.photoshelter.com/image/I0000yriOjabJ1Oo
- 9. What is ‘Haze’? What do you associate with the word ‘haze’? http://nigeldickinson.photoshelter.com/image/I0000yriOjabJ1Oo
- 10. What is ‘Haze’? What do you associate with the word ‘haze’? The accumulation of dust, smoke and other pollutant particles in the air which leads to the unclarity of the atmosphere, lower visibility level and detrimental effects on the human body http://nigeldickinson.photoshelter.com/image/I0000yriOjabJ1Oo
- 11. News: ASEAN pressures Indonesia Haze flowing from Indonesia over the Strait of Mallacca to Malaysia Read a news article Answer the questions in the Study Guide Work in pairs with your neighbor http://www.xes.cx/pics-misc/haze-5.JPG
- 12. News: S’pore offers Indonesia help The sun, visible through the haze from the 2006 bush and forest fires Read a news article Answer the questions in the Study Guide Work in pairs with your neighbor http://www.cintaabadi.com/news-flash/112-sumatera-deforesationmy-poor-sumatera-forest-part-5.html
- 13. Answer the Questions http://newshopper.sulekha.com/indonesia-forest-fire_photo_915587.htm
- 14. Answer the Questions What is ASEAN? What was the basis for the news article? What countries took part in the meeting? Where was the meeting held? Why did only these countries join the meeting? http://newshopper.sulekha.com/indonesia-forest-fire_photo_915587.htm
- 15. Answer the questions http://img.timeinc.net/time/asia/magazine/2007/0521/po#ution_0521.jpg
- 16. Answer the questions What was the haze situation in a previous decade? What caused the haze according to the news? Why did Indonesia not ratify the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution? What were the solutions to reduce haze suggested in the news? http://img.timeinc.net/time/asia/magazine/2007/0521/po#ution_0521.jpg
- 17. Answer the questions http://www.siiaonline.org/?q=events/singapores-efforts-transboundary-haze-prevention
- 18. Answer the questions What was the help offered by Singapore? What is the event that may be affected by the haze? How was Malaysia affected by the haze? Why did forest fires occur annually in Indonesia? http://www.siiaonline.org/?q=events/singapores-efforts-transboundary-haze-prevention
- 19. Indonesia’s Forest Fire & Haze
- 20. Indonesia’s Forest Fire & Haze fire occurs in dry season annually esp. Sumatra and Kalimantan transportation sector, economic activities, health problems transboundary issue, i.e. Singapore and Malaysia
- 21. The Worst Fire 1997 Uncontrolled forest fires sprang up all over Indonesia in late 1997 and early 1998, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. This smoky fire occured in Borneo's East Kalimantan province. http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/96/23896-004-32D156FE.gif
- 22. The Worst Fire 1997 Uncontrolled forest fires sprang up all over Indonesia in late 1997 and early 1998, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. This smoky fire occured in Borneo's East Kalimantan province. http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/96/23896-004-32D156FE.gif
- 23. The Worst Fire 1997 October - November 1997 haze spread to Philippines, Sri Lanka, Northern Australia thousands of square miles of rainforest, plantation, forest, scrubland Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Iraian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Bali, Uncontrolled forest fires sprang up all over Indonesia in late 1997 and early 1998, especially on the Lombock, Sarawak (Malaysia) islands of Sumatra and Borneo. This smoky fire occured in Borneo's East Kalimantan province. http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/96/23896-004-32D156FE.gif
- 24. Indonesia’s worst fire 1997 http://english.people.com.cn/200508/11/images/0810_C18.jpg
- 25. Indonesia’s worst fire 1997 Unrecorded height of sulfides, nitrous oxides, ash, industrial pollution Air Pollution Index exceeded 800 API of 200-300 = 20 cigarettes 200,000 hospitalized with heart & respiratory diseases, severe nosebleeds, eye irritation long term health effect on 70 million http://english.people.com.cn/200508/11/images/0810_C18.jpg people in 6 countries
- 26. How does fire threaten the world?
- 27. How does fire threaten the world? Watch the video clip In pair, answer the following questions Why do people burn the land? How would deforestation threaten way of life of Indonesian? According to Greenpeace, how would the drying and burning of peatland affect the environment?
- 28. Watch this Clip Activists Say Forest Fires in Indonesia Threaten the World http:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=WoHRvfqGLnc
- 30. Answer the questions Why do people burn the land? How would deforestation threaten the way of life of an Indonesian? According to G reenpeace, how would the drying and burning of peatland affect the environment?
- 31. What is Peatland? http://cempaka-nature.blogspot.com/2009/03/carbon-emissions-may-cost-ri-dearly.html
- 32. What is Peatland? a brown, soil-like material characteristic of boggy, acid ground, consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter organic carbon turns into carbon dioxide Indonesia - the world’s largest peatland areas increase the release of carbon http://cempaka-nature.blogspot.com/2009/03/carbon-emissions-may-cost-ri-dearly.html emissions
- 33. What caused fire? http://www.mongabay.com/images/indonesia/kalimantan/kali9753.JPG
- 34. What caused fire? Agricultural sector Slash and Burn to clear the land for agriculture large plantation companies and forest plantation management also use fire to clear the land reduce production cost http://www.mongabay.com/images/indonesia/kalimantan/kali9753.JPG
- 35. Who will be involved/affected?
- 36. Who will be involved/affected? Look at your study guide and try to answer the questions with your partner.
- 39. Who are involved? Government Tourist/ Population
- 40. Who are involved? Government Tourist/ Population Farmers
- 41. Who are involved? Government Tourist/ Population Farmers Businessmen
- 42. Government
- 43. Government How are they involved?
- 44. Government How are they involved? The authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary
- 45. Government How are they involved? The authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary
- 46. Government How are they involved? The authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary
- 47. Government How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? The authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary
- 48. Government How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? The authoritarian force that can intervene when pass laws and conduct necessary check
- 49. Government How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? The authoritarian force that can intervene when pass laws and conduct necessary check have authority to implement policies and punishments (i.e. fines, jail)
- 51. Tourist/ Population How are they involved?
- 52. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected countries may rely on for revenue
- 53. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected countries may rely on for revenue Population : employers, employees
- 54. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected countries may rely on for revenue Population : employers, employees
- 55. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected Tourists: avoid the affected countries may rely on for countries, lost revenue revenue Population : employers, employees
- 56. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected Tourists: avoid the affected countries may rely on for countries, lost revenue revenue Population: haze causes Population : employers, illness, respiratory employees difficulties for population
- 57. Farmers
- 58. Farmers How are they involved/ affected?
- 59. Farmers How are they involved/ affected? cause of the fires
- 60. Farmers How are they involved/ affected? cause of the fires
- 61. Farmers How are they involved/ affected? cause of the fires
- 62. Farmers How are they involved/ affected? cause of the fires
- 63. Farmers How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fires
- 64. Farmers How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fires Due to their burning, haze is generated
- 65. Farmers How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fires Due to their burning, haze is generated Flora and fauna are also lost
- 66. Farmers How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fires Due to their burning, haze is generated Flora and fauna are also lost
- 67. Farmers How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fires Due to their burning, haze is generated Flora and fauna are also lost
- 68. Businessmen
- 69. Businessmen How are they involved/ What is/are their impact(s) affected? on the situation? cause of the fire Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.
- 71. Environmental Impacts Pollution increase = greenhouse gases increase causes global warming & climate change ecologies & habitat are destroyed Flora burnt, fauna loses food and habitat
- 72. Health Impacts
- 73. Health Impacts The weak suffer from illness related to haze and respiratory system Red/sore eyes Sore throat Rashes Respiratory difficulties
- 74. Economic Impacts
- 75. Economic Impacts Incurred through loss of visibility or tourism people avoid going outdoor small business suffer 1997 losses for USD 9 billion
- 76. Tourism Impact
- 77. Tourism Impact discouraged from visiting the affected countries affect tourism and economy
- 78. Exercise on Study Guide Complete the crossword and find out how they can protect themselves Find the word given in the checklist and then fill in the blanks
Notas del editor
- \nForest fires and haze have become an annual problem for Indonesia. During the dry season, forest fires always occur, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Haze covers the sky; causes problems for the transportation sector; reduces economic activities; and stimulates health problems. \nWhat do I mean my transboundary? \nDo you know where is this picture taken? \nOf course it is not taken in Indonesia. Actually it was taken in Malaysia. \n
- \nThe term transboundary has only recently come into use for resource development and management planning. The term refers to the movement of physical and biological resources or of impacts associated with these resources, across political boundaries. For the most part, and certainly from the perspective of the Mekong River Commission, the boundary in question refers to international borders. For the most part, and certainly from the perspective of the Mekong River Commission, the boundary in question refers to international borders. \n\nhttp://www.cbd.int/programmes/areas/water/toolkit/html/1.11.2_description_transboundary.html\n
- What is Transboundary Pollution?\nTransboundary pollution is the pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment, by crossing borders through pathways like water or air. Pollution can be transported across hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. The incredible distances that pollution can spread means that it is not contained within the boundaries of any single nation. This is why it is called ‘Transboundary Pollution’. One of the problems with transboundary pollution is that can carry pollution away from a heavy emitter and deposit it onto a nation whose emissions are relatively low. Another problem with transboundary pollution relates to the quote above. Due to the fact that ‘All things connect’, the heavy pollution that is evident in the developed world also becomes evident in remote areas. For an example of how transboundary pollution becomes visible in a remote area like the Arctic, see the Arctic Haze fact sheet.\nwww.safewater.org\n
- What is Transboundary Pollution?\nTransboundary pollution is the pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment, by crossing borders through pathways like water or air. Pollution can be transported across hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. The incredible distances that pollution can spread means that it is not contained within the boundaries of any single nation. This is why it is called ‘Transboundary Pollution’. One of the problems with transboundary pollution is that can carry pollution away from a heavy emitter and deposit it onto a nation whose emissions are relatively low. Another problem with transboundary pollution relates to the quote above. Due to the fact that ‘All things connect’, the heavy pollution that is evident in the developed world also becomes evident in remote areas. For an example of how transboundary pollution becomes visible in a remote area like the Arctic, see the Arctic Haze fact sheet.\nwww.safewater.org\n
- What is Transboundary Pollution?\nTransboundary pollution is the pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment, by crossing borders through pathways like water or air. Pollution can be transported across hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. The incredible distances that pollution can spread means that it is not contained within the boundaries of any single nation. This is why it is called ‘Transboundary Pollution’. One of the problems with transboundary pollution is that can carry pollution away from a heavy emitter and deposit it onto a nation whose emissions are relatively low. Another problem with transboundary pollution relates to the quote above. Due to the fact that ‘All things connect’, the heavy pollution that is evident in the developed world also becomes evident in remote areas. For an example of how transboundary pollution becomes visible in a remote area like the Arctic, see the Arctic Haze fact sheet.\nwww.safewater.org\n
- Answers might be ‘smoke, pollution, blur, unclarity, burning, grey, fire’\nHaze refers to the accumulation of dust, smoke and other pollutant particles in the air which leads to the unclarity of the atmosphere, lower visibility level and detrimental effects on the human body.\nThe definition of haze by thinkquest2007 is that ....\n\n
- Answers might be ‘smoke, pollution, blur, unclarity, burning, grey, fire’\nHaze refers to the accumulation of dust, smoke and other pollutant particles in the air which leads to the unclarity of the atmosphere, lower visibility level and detrimental effects on the human body.\nThe definition of haze by thinkquest2007 is that ....\n\n
- \nadd a map of Indenesia, Malaysia in the study guide for students to mark \n http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/20/forest-fires-hit-jambi-n-sumatra-and-riau.html\nhttp://www.theresilientearth.com/?q=content/draining-swamps-fuel-autos\n
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- Forest fires and haze have become an annual problem for Indonesia. During the dry season, forest fires always occur, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Haze covers the sky; causes problems for the transportation sector; reduces economic activities; and stimulates health problems. The problem has not only become a domestic affair but also affects Indonesia’s reputation in other countries. Singapore and Malaysia are two of the most adversely affected foreign countries due to the smog generated from the forest fires.\n
- We might still remember how the Malaysian government sent hundreds of fire squads, called “Bomba”, to help Indonesia to fight forest fires in 1997. The forest fire tragedy that year was one of the worst forest fires in Indonesian history, in which the smog even reached Thailand and the Philippines. \nFrom October through November 1997, fires in Indonesia and the resulting haze made front-page news around the world as the haze spread as far the Philippines to the north, Sri Lanka to the west, and northern Australia to the south. Fires burned thousands of squares miles of rainforest, plantations, conversion forest, and scrubland in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Bali, Lombock, and Sarawak of Malaysia.\n
- We might still remember how the Malaysian government sent hundreds of fire squads, called “Bomba”, to help Indonesia to fight forest fires in 1997. The forest fire tragedy that year was one of the worst forest fires in Indonesian history, in which the smog even reached Thailand and the Philippines. \nFrom October through November 1997, fires in Indonesia and the resulting haze made front-page news around the world as the haze spread as far the Philippines to the north, Sri Lanka to the west, and northern Australia to the south. Fires burned thousands of squares miles of rainforest, plantations, conversion forest, and scrubland in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Bali, Lombock, and Sarawak of Malaysia.\n
- Sulfides, nitrous oxides, and ash released by burning, combined with the industrial pollution and exhaust from cities, formed choking haze that raised pollution levels to previously unrecorded heights. The Air Pollution Index exceeded 800 (a day's exposure to an API of 200-300 is the equivalent to smoking 20 cigarettes) in Kuching, Malaysia, and set record highs in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. While over 200,000 were hospitalized with ailments including heart and respiratory disorders, severe nosebleeds, and eye irritation, there is greater concern for the long- term health effects on the more than 70 million people in six countries affected by the haze. Health officials worry that the smog produced by the fires may lead to an increase in heart, lung, brain, eye, and skin disorders over the next decade.\n
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- \nPeat is a brown, soil-like material characteristic of boggy, acid ground, consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter. It is the first stage of transformation of plant matter into coal. \nLarge areas of organic wetland (peat) soils are currently drained for agriculture. This not only destroys the habitat of many species, but heavily trigger climate change. As a result of peat drainage, the organic carbon that was built up over thousands of years and is normally under water, is suddenly exposed to the air. It decomposes and turns into carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released into the atmosphere. Peat fires cause the same process and in addition create enormous clouds of smoke that cross international borders, such as happen every year in Southeast Asia.\nIn this picture, Peatland is drained to make way for the cultivation of oil palms in Central Kalimantan. Indonesia is home to the world’s largest peatland areas. Scientists have warned that peatland reclamation could increase the release of carbon emissions stored in its area, leading to the worsening of global warming.\n\nhttp://www.herinst.org/wingecarribee/peatlands/what.html\n\n
- In Indonesia, fire serves as a cheap and fast method of land clearing. Traditionally, “slash and burn” agriculture has been practiced by farmers in many places in Indonesia for generations. A study conducted in West Kalimantan showed that the application of slash and burn agriculture, in combination with land rotation, is ecologically sustainable and does not degrade soil conditions (Kleinmann et al., 1996). However, it requires that slash and burn techniques only involve a small number of farmers across relatively wide areas, so there is sufficient time for the ecosystem to recover. As agricultural practices tend to be more settled and agricultural areas are more limited, the application of slash and burn agriculture should be stopped because it is ecologically unfeasible.The problem is that the use of fire as a land clearing method is also adopted by large plantation companies and forest-plantation management. The main reason is, of course, to reduce production costs. \n
- Remember, the answers can both be positive and negative\n
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- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- They are the authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary. They can pass laws and conduct checks. They have the authority to implement policies and punishments like fines and jail terms.\n\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- Tourists:They form the tourism industry which the affected countries may rely on for revenue,\nPopulation: They form the country as employers and employees\n\nTourists:They may aviod the affected countries, hitting the tourism industy hard.\nPopulation:The haze may cause illness or respiratory difficulties for some/most of the population, depending on the situation.\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n\n\n
- They are the cause of the fires. Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.\n
- Pollution increases which may result in an increase in greenhouse gases. This, in turn, causes global warming and climate change.\nWhen the forests are burnt, ecologies and habitats are destroyed. Flora are burnt or choked by the haze. The fauna also suffer from the loss of food and habitat.\n\n
- Population with weak constitution may suffer from illness related to the haze or respiratory difficulties.\nSome symptoms include:\n-  Red/Sore eyes \n-  Sore throat \n-  Rashes \n-  Respiratory difficulties \n\n
- Losses are incurred through loss of visibility or tourism.\nSmaller businesses also suffer as most people avoid going outdoors. Also, retailers will lose out due to low sales rate.\nLosses for 1997 (SEA): USD 9 Billion\n\n
- Tourists are discouraged from visiting the affected countries. This would affect the tourism industry and hence the economic aspect too.\n\n
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