1. Chapter 1

2.  Recent communication (interaction) in which
you participated
◦ Identify the following:
◦ Participants (Senders / Receivers)
◦ Messages (meaning)
◦ Channels
◦ Interference / Noise
◦ Feedback

3.  Contexts
◦ Intrapersonal
◦ Interpersonal
◦ Group
◦ Public Communication

4.  What is “rhetoric”?

5.  Plato: The art of winning the soul by
discourse
 Quintillian: The art of speaking well
 Bacon: … to apply reason to imagination for
the better moving of the will

6.  Aristotle: The ability, in each case, to see the
available means of persuasion.
 Aristotle: “The audience is the end and object
of the speech”

7.  Rhetorical situation: Pg 9
◦ The place where speaker, audience, and occasion
overlap

8. Your
You audience
The
occasion
The Rhetorical Situation

9.  Rhetorical situation:
◦ Bitzer: a result of a real or perceived need a speech
might help address (exigence)

10.  Exigence: “An imperfection marked by
urgency; it is a defect, an obstacle, something
waiting to be done, a thing which is other
than it should be.” (Lloyd Bitzer)

11.  Not all exigence are rhetorical situations
 Examples in homework

12.  Speaker
◦ Interests
◦ Knowledge
◦ Experience
 Audience
◦ Audience Analysis
 Occasion
◦ Event
◦ Physical setting

13.  Audience-centered
 Appropriate Content
 Structured
 Delivery

14.  Audience-centered
 Ethos
 Pathos
 Logos
◦ (Aristotle’s forms of proof)

15.  Audience-centered
 Appropriate Content
 Structured
 Delivery