Propagation of global stressors at the algae-consumer interface: From short- to long-term scales of observations (Session 6.3). Presented by Manuel Villar-Argaiz at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.

1. obal Change and the World's Mountains, Perth 2010
Propagation of global stressors
at the algae-consumer interface:
From short- to
long-term scales of observations
Manuel Villar-Argaiz, JM Medina-Sánchez, FJ Bullejos, G Herrera, C Duran, S
Rosillo and P Carrillo
University of Granada, Spain Photo credit: NASA

2. (Urabe & Sterner 1996, PNAS)
Nutrients (P, N, Fe…)
One of the most marked nutrient imbalances in food webs is observed between
plants and herbivores (Brett & Goldman 1997, Science)

4. Photo: Agencia EFE

5. “Extremely simple” biological communities
(Medina-Sánchez et al., L&O 2004)

6. 3482 m
High Mountain Lakes = Global change labs

7. Snowline depends on altitude and latitude
Löfter H. 1969. High altitude lakes in Mt. Everest region. Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Lim. 17: 373-385

8. Mediterranean High
Mountain lakes
Low latitude and High altitude
HIGH UV IRRADIANCE
Photo: NASA

9. Mediterranean High
Mountain lakes
Proximity Major dust sources
HIGH ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOL INPUTS
Photo: NASA

10. Mediterranean High
Mountain lakes
Proximity Major dust sources
HIGH ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOL INPUTS
Photo: NASA

12. (Carney & Elser, 1990; Villar-Argaiz et al., 2001; Nuwer et al., 2008)
Mixodiaptomus laciniatus (~100% biomass)

13. …integrating different scales….
MID-TERM LONG-TERM
Population dynamics Population dynamics
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring
Observational
Studies
Experimental
Studies
Growth (growth rate)
Nutrition (asimilaton carbon AEC)

14. Experimental
Studies
Growth (growth rate)

15. ― UVR (plexiglass) + UVR
60 40 60 40
Control 20 30 Control
20 30
(2700 L)
2 X 5 factorial
design

16. + UVR - UVR
(Carrillo et al., GCB 2008; Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

17. Food quantity
– UVR + UVR
60 60
(same quality distinct quantity )
No dilution
Dilution 0.2 μm filtered water
100 %
12.5 % 25 % 50 %
– UVR
– UVR
+ UVR
+ UVR
– UVR
+ UVR
– UVR
+ UVR

18. Food quality (same quantity distinct quality)
– UVR + UVR
Control Control 20 20 30 30 60
40 40 60
Dilution (0.2 μm) to Food Concentration of Treatment Control
+ UVR
– UVR
– UVR
+ UVR
+ UVR
+ UVR
+ UVR
– UVR
– UVR
– UVR

19. Herbivore consumer growth rate
• Copepod & Daphnid growth rate
t = 12 d
Somatic GR
g = ln(Mt) - ln(M0) / t
t=5d
• Rotifer growth rate
Intrinsic GR
t = 13 d
r = [ln(N13) - ln(N0) / t

20. Nutrients X UVR
Nutrients
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

21. Effects on zooplankton growth of UVR (1), Nutrients (2) and their interaction
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
and UVR
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

22. Population dynamics
Experimental
Studies

23. (Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

24. 50 P-ENRICHMENT increased
40 algae, whereas UVR
slightly constrained algae
50
30 40
20 30
20
control
30
40 STRONG P-ENRICHMENT
20
and UVR (at inter. P levels)
20
constrained zooplankton
30
40
50
50
control
(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

25. Population dynamics
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring
Observational
Studies

26. http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Data Product: AEROSOL INDEX
ITCZ (InterTropical Convergence Zone)
OZONE
REFLECTIVITY
UV - IRRADIANCE
PRECIPITATION National and International
Environmental Agencies

27. Abiotic
characterization
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

28. Abiotic
characterization
Photo credit: R. Morales
Deposition
event AI =0.5
Large
deposition
event AI > 5
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

29. Population Dynamics
Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

30. Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

31. Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

32. Strong UVR role
Low-Moderate
atmospheric
inputs
No UVR role
Strong
atmospheric
inputs
Eutrophication High grazing
herbivores
(Daphnia)

35. Acknowledgment
> National Park of Sierra Nevada for permission and
help to study high mountain lakes.
> Finantial support: I+D Projects, MMA-National Parks
> Colleagues and students who helped with the sampling
Thanks !
Manuel Villar-
Argaiz