Quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation

© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Quality of life & opportunities to
position parks & recreation
INGRID E. SCHNEIDER, PHD
BRIGID TUCK, MS
XINYI QIAN, PHD
MRPA LEADERSHIP SUMMIT, MAY 2014

Forest & Natural Resource Mgmt Major
Park and Protected Area Management track

TOURISM CENTER
Vision:
– Be the source for tourism education & research
Mission/end:
– Lead, prepare & support tourism for success & sustainability
Outputs:
– Educational programs
– Educational & research publications
– Educational products
– Engagement
– Research projects with reports/presentations
Outcomes:
–Informed decisions, educated workforce &
engaged communities

OUR TRAIL TODAY
 Quality of life….
 Economic impact…
 Festival & events…
 Sustainability

QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)

3 STUDY METHODS (SCHNEIDER, GUO, SCHROEDER)
Literature
review
Focus groups Questionnaire

METHOD 2, FOCUS
GROUPS (N=29)

FOCUS GROUP RESULTS: 11 QOL AREAS

METHOD 3: QUESTIONNAIRE
 Representative
sample, 45% response
 Quantify QOL &
transportation’s role
 Importance &
satisfaction with
performance
Northwest
Northeast
South
Central
Metro
(7 county)

MINNESOTANS’ SATISFIED WITH
QUALITY OF LIFE

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
PREVIEW

IMPORTANCE OF QOL AREAS
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Rec and entertainment
Local services and amenities
Transportation
Spirituality faith and serenity
Education
Environment
Employment and finances
Housing
Family, friends and neighors
Safety and security
Health
Very unimportant Somewhat unimportant Slightly unimportant
Neither Slight important Somewhat important
Very important

RELATIONSHIP AMONG 11 QOL AREAS
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3
Health Education Local services/
amenities
Spirituality, faith &
serenity
Family/friends Environment Recreation
Safety/security Employment
Housing
Transportation

HEALTHY PARKS & HEALTHY LIVES
 2002 Presidential E.O. 13266: improve citizen health.
PA 1 of 4 pillars; led to MOU with DHHS, USDA, USDOI,
USACE
 National Recreation & Parks Association ‘healthy
parks/healthy lives’
 “Outdoor alliance for Kids (OAK)” national coalition to get
kids outdoors & active
– ‘Moving outdoors in nature act’
 First Lady’s initiatives
– Let’s move (LM Outside; DOI administers)
– Get outdoors

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OPPORTUNITIES
Lei
TransHome
Occ

UFF DA!
http://www.health.state.mn.us/cdrr/obesity/index.html

LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (LTPA) &
PARKS
 Public parks & trails: important places to
facilitate LTPA & improve public health
 Park use linked to several physical health
outcomes
 Motivations
 Physical activity common benefit
sought by people using parks & trails
(Bichis-Lupas & Moisey, 2001; Payne et al.,
1999)
 Approximately 9 of 10 U.S.
citizens participate in outdoor
recreation (RoperASW, 2004)
 24% of U.S. adults report no
leisure time physical activity
(CDC, 2008)

DISPARITY IN OBESITY & PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
 63.0% U.S. adults overweight or
obese (CDC, 2007)
 72.5% Black
 66.8% Hispanic
 Inactivity contributing factor
– 14% U.S. population is inactive
 21.5% Black
 22.1% Hispanic
– 48% meet the recommended
amount of physical activity
(CDC, 2008)
 40.2% Black
 41.1% Hispanic

RESULTS- CONSTRAINTS TO LTPA
DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY (SCHNEIDER, WILHELM
STANIS, SHINEW, CHAVEZ)
Summary:
 Hispanic/Latino & Black: most constrained & visitors
have BMI > healthy
 PROBLEM! Visitors who most need LTPA are most
constrained ! 

IMPORTANCE OF PARKS/REC TO MN
IMAGE
 Water/lakes/rivers
 Fishing…
 Hunting..
 Scenery…
 Parks/trails…
 Outdoor activities…
 Charming small towns…
http://www.exploreminnesota.com/industry-minnesota/research-reports/researchdetails/?nid=168

A CLOSER LOOK AT
PARK/RECREATION ASSETS IN
RELATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE & $
 Byways
 Golf
 Festivals/Events

150 Scenic Byways in 46 states

Driving as leisure travel
 49% drive for pleasure
(Cordell et al. in press)
 40% travelers use
scenic byway (USDOT
2005)

BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC FLOW

BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC ROI
PRIMARY RESEARCH NEED (WILLIAMS ET AL. 2012)

BEYOND $, BYWAY RELEVANCE:
LIVABILITY/QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)

PROJECT PURPOSE (SCHNEIDER, LIECHTY, & TUCK)
Assess
Byway impact on quality
of life elements
&
Economic impact of
byway visitors

MINNESOTA BYWAYS
6 National
22 designated scenic drives
39 million travelers
driving =13% of travel
activities (EMT 2007)

METHODS –2 STUDY SITES
 Paul Bunyan:
54 miles
 Nat’l & state
 Visitation: ??;
 Lake Country:
88 miles
 Est. visitation: 250,000

RESIDENTS…RESULTS OVERVIEW
 Byway contributes to 8 of 14 important
quality of life attributes
 4 of 5 most important & contributing similar
across Byways
 Residents > aware of Byways than visitors

Resident QOL: 4 top contributing attributes similar

RESIDENT QOL: 2 DIFFER IN TOP 5
Lake Country: Paul Bunyan:
Events Community amenities

RESIDENT: 6 AREAS BYWAYS NOT
PERCEIVED AS CONTRIBUTING TO QOL
 Feeling safe
 Good jobs for residents
 Property value
 Diverse economy
 Proper zoning
 Good public
transportation

RESIDENT QOL FINDINGS:
SO WHAT?
 Max what matters!
 Educate about Byway
impact

PROJECT PURPOSE
Assess
Impact on quality of life
&
Economic impact
of byway
visitors

ECONOMIC IMPACTS RESULT PREVIEW
 < 10% visit because of Byway
 10-15% alter route because of Byway
 % spending on trip similar to other
research

ECONOMIC: BYWAY AWARENESS (%)

ECONOMIC: BYWAY & IMPACT ON
VISITATION (%)

RESULTS: TOURIST PARTY SPENDING
PROFILES (US$)

Results: Total Economic Impact
$12-38 million US$

VISITOR FINDINGS: SO WHAT?
 Economic impact of
Byway
 Residents don’t
recognize them
 Opportunity to
increase awareness &
increase visitation

SUMMARY FINDINGS
 Byways contribute to -
important QOL &
$
 Residents don’t
recognize breadth of
Byway contributions &
Visitors not aware
 Opportunity!


A CLOSER LOOK AT
PARK/RECREATION ASSETS
 Byways
 Golf
 Festivals/Events

IMPACT OF 3M CHAMPIONSHIP

ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 3M GOLF
$0.0
$2.0
$4.0
$6.0
$8.0
$10.0
$12.0
$14.0
$16.0
$18.0
$20.0
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
Millions
Labor Income
Output

VISITOR SPENDING
General Public
Sponsored Guests
Players & Guests
$4.9
million

SPENDING PER PERSON
$-
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
$2,000
General Publiic Sponsored - Non-
Golfer
Players Sponsored -
Golfer

TOP INDUSTRIES IMPACTED

SUMMARY FINDINGS
 Returns to residents: $7 million
 Returns for businesses: $11.7 million
– Restaurants and bars
– Hotels and motels
– Advertising

FESTIVAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO QOL (QIAN & SIMMONS)

MN FESTIVALS & EVENTS 2013
 Methods:
– Online questionnaire
– Respondents (876 usable contacts):
 Response rate=21% (n=194)
 Completion rate=18% (n=156)

PURPOSES OF FESTIVALS & EVENTS
66
64
46
36
33
28
27
25
19
13
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Percentage of respondents
Lore/Legend Ethnic Diversity Promote Natural Resources
Charity Sports/Outdoor Activities Support Heritage of Community
Promote Local Retail Sales Promote Arts and Crafts Provide Local Entertainment
Develop a Sense of Community Attract Visitors
Develop a sense of community
Attract visitors
Provide local entertainment

ACTIVITIES OFFERED AT
FESTIVALS & EVENTS
71
67
55
37
33
28
23
20
17
15
12
11
11
10
8
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Flea Markets Tractor Pulling Contests Midway Rides
Games of Chance Fireworks Bingo
Classic Auto or Machinery Shows Beauty Contests and Talent Shows Beer/Wine Brewing/Tasting
Athletic Contests Parades Dance
Business Display Booths Arts and Crafts Fairs and Shows Food Vendors
Live Entertainment
Live entertainment
Food vendors
Arts & Crafts Fairs & Shows

COMMUNITY QUALITY OF LIFE WITH
VOLUNTEERS
3
20
13
29
12
14
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
None 1-10 11-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 More
than 250
Percentageofrespondents
Number of volunteers at festival/event

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
13
27
24
10
22
0 20 40
$999 or less
$1,000-$9,999
$10,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
Budget
16
14
12
10
17
10
22
0 10 20 30
No Income
$1,999 or less
$2,000-$4,999
$5,000-$9,999
$10,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
Income

ENGAGEMENT & ECONOMICS OF
SPONSORSHIPS
1.3
16
17.3
24.4
32.1
38.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Other
Service Clubs
Chamber of Commerce
City or County Government
Non-profit Organizations
Private Businesses
Percentage of Respondents

MORE ALIKE THAN DIFFERENT? (PESCH)

 In summary…
– Contribute to both
resident & visitors QOL
– Engage residents as
volunteers & sponsors
– Generate income for
community
– Build interest & income
for sponsors
FESTIVALS & EVENTS

 Quality of life….
 Economic impact…
 Festival & events…
 Sustainability
OUR TRAIL TODAY

SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES IN
TOURISM INDUSTRY
 Methods:
– Online questionnaire
– Benefits/challenges & What they are doing
– Analyze by year & region
– Respondents:
Usable sample size Response rate (%) Completion rate (%)
2007 451 26 19
2010 581 22 17
2013 426 16 12

WHY IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Economic savings
Improved consumer prospects
Remaining competitive
Meeting customer expectations
Improved organizational image
Improved customer perceptions
Increased environment protection
Attracting new clientele
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED BENEFITS
TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Averagescore
2007
2010
2013

WHY NOT IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Staff opposition
Customer opposition
Lack of interest within the organization
Lack of interest within the consumer base
Lack of professional network
Lack of control over customer behavior
Lack of information
External restrictions on operations
Time and energy
Initial financial costs
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED DIFFICULTIES
TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
1 2 3 4 5
Initial financial costs
Time and energy
Lack of information
External restrictions on operations
Lack of interest within the consumer…
Lack of interest within the organization
Staff opposition
Customer opposition
Average score
2013
2010
2007

ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
PRACTICES
IN 2013
0 20 40 60 80
Use renewable energy sources
Operation schedules include an energy audit/assessment of the
facility by a qualified professional
Replace electric package terminal air conditioner (PTAC) units
with more efficient heat pump technologies
Install window film to lower heating and cooling loads and
reduce glare
Use occupancy sensors or timers to control lighting and
vending machines in intermittent-use areas
Replace exit signs with light emitting diode (LED) Exit signs
Provide customers with ideas about energy conservation
practices
Use light emitting diode (LED) bulbs
Use an energy management system (EMS) to prevent
circulating air, heating, cooling, and lighting while not necessary
Equipment is installed with or replaced by the Energy Star
qualified equipment
Include periodic HVAC tune-up in our preventative maintenance
schedule
Use compact fluorescent light bulbs
Use daylight to the greatest possible extent
Completed/Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt

CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING
TWO ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES
 Equipment is Energy Star
qualified
 Use compact fluorescent light
bulbs
0
10
20
30
40
50
2007 2010 2013
No attempt Under consideration
Just beginning Completed/Ongoing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2007 2010 2013
No attempt Under consideration
Just beginning Completed/Ongoing

WATER
CONSERVATION
PRACTICES IN
2013
0 20 40 60 80 100
Have a reclaimed water system
install automatic run-off water taps
Collect rainwater/stormwater to use whenever
possible
Provide customers with ideas for water
conservation practices
Install new or replace equipment with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense-
labeled products
Our water plan monitors, records, and posts rates
of water use, and makes repairs or replaces
equipment when rate changes indicate problems
Install water-saving fixtures/devices
Seep or vacumm instead of wash down large
areas such as sidewalks and driveways
Include regular testing for and repairing of leaks
in preventive maintenance program
Properly dispose of hazadous chemicals and
avoid disposing them into the sink and toilet
Completed/ Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt

CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING
WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES
 The large areas are swept or vacuumed instead of
washed down
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2010 2013
No attempt
Under consideration
Just beginning
Completed/Ongoing

LANDSCAPING/
WILDLIFE
PRACTICES IN
2013
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Use residual pesticides or herbicides in landscaping
Use interpretative signs on nature to instruct customers
Switch to drought resistent native plants, and/or replace
mowed landscaping with native ground cover in garden areas
Provide publications to offer information on native plants and
wildlife
Use an integrated pest management system to reduce or
eliminate the need for toxic insecticides and pesticides
Promote the Leave No Trace princples to customers and
employees
Compost landscaping wastes
Ensure that usual noise levels from all activities at the site are
not significantly more than the background noise in nearby…
Retain or include the native vegetation in landscaping
Facility design & construction reflects the natural surroundings
and culture of the area
Irrigation watering takes place in early morning or at night
Wildlife observation done from a remote distance and avoided
during sensitive times of the year
Completed/ Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES + QOL
 Opportunities to reduce difficulties to
implement sustainable practices  To
increase implementation
 Opportunities to further implement some
sustainable practices

3 IDEAS FOR RESEARCH IN THE NEXT
3 TO 5 YEARS?!
BURNING QUESTIONS…

Thanks to
Carlson Chair for Travel,
Tourism & Hospitality,
UMN Central Regional
Sustainable
Development
Partnership!
ingridss@umn.edu
tuckb@umn.edu
qianx@umn.edu

SELECT UMN RESOURCES OF
INTEREST
 Tourism Center
– www.tourism.umn.edu; 612 624 4947
 Sustainability
– MnTechnical Assistance Program
– Clean Energy Resource Team
– Center for sustainable Building Design
 Economic impact
– http://www.extension.umn.edu/community/eco
nomic-impact-analysis/ 507-337-2814

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