Presentatio

1. Map of the Carolingian Empire, 768-814: Map from Lynn
Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume 1, 3rd edition.

2. Maps of Viking attacks in France: left map from Vikings: the North
Atlantic Saga, edited by Fitzhugh and Ward; right map from Gwyn
Jones, A History of the Vikings.

3. Maps of Normandy: maps from
Robert Ferguson, The Vikings: a History.

4. The Vikings in Spain:
left map from Barbara Rosenwein, A Short History of the Middle Ages;
right map from Robert Ferguson, The Vikings: a History.

5. Vikings and Franks: left—an image of a Viking ship from the Life of
Saint Aubin, 9th century; right—crucifix discovered in a 9th century grave
from Birka, Sweden. Images from Vikings: the North Atlantic Saga,
edited by Fitzhugh and Ward.

6. Evidence of Vikings in France: left top—Frankish sword mounts;
left bottom—ax and spearhead of Viking warrriors;
right—the Hon Hoard. Images from Vikings: the North Atlantic Saga,
edited by Fitzhugh and Ward.

7. Vikings in Normandy: left—statue of Rollo; right—statue of Richard II
le Bon (the Good), both sculpted by Louis Rochet, 1851, at Falaise,
France.

8. Norman coins: left—coin of William I Longsword, reading Wilelmus
(top) Rotomagus (bottom); right—coin of Richard I, reading Ricardus
(top) Rotomagus (bottom). Rotomagus was the Latin for Rouen. Left
images from Jean Renaud, Les Vikings et la Normandie; right images
from www.home.ekard.edu.

9. Monastery of Mont Sant Michel. Images from Wikipedia and Wikimedia
Commons.

10. Monastery of Fécamp. Image from Wikipedia.

11. Evidence of Viking contact with Islamic culture:
left—Arabic coins recovered in Scandinavia; right—Arabic coins,
weights, strike-light, and dress pin found in a Viking grave. Images
from Vikings: the North Atlantic Saga, edited by Fitzhugh and Ward.