This document discusses the classification, pathophysiology, presentation, imaging, laboratory evaluation and treatment of nephrolithiasis in pediatric patients. The main types of stones include calcium, uric acid, cystine and struvite. Important risk factors are hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria and low urine volume. Treatment depends on stone size and location but may include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or open surgery. Diet and medical management target the underlying metabolic abnormalities promoting stone formation.
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Pedi gu review nephrolithiasis
1. Nephrolithiasis Pediatric GU Review UCSD Pediatric Urology George Chiang MD Sara Marietti MD Outlined from The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology 2007 (not for reproduction, distribution, or sale without consent)
19. Hypercalciuria Intestinal Absorption Fasting Urinary Ca PTH Serum Ca Resorptive Renal Absorptive High High High High High High High Low-nl High Normal Low-nl High
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23. Enteric Hyperoxaluria Bowel Disorder Fat malabsorption Excess fats bind to intestinal Ca Insufficient calcium to bind oxalate Unbound oxalate