3. the
assump*ons
held
by
individuals
and
organiza*ons
are
called
The assumptions held by indi-
viduals and organizations
are called:
mentalmodelSenge,
P.M.
1990
4. to become a learning organization, these models must
be challenged. Individuals tend to espouse theories,
which are what they intend to follow, and theories-in-
use, which are what they actually do. Senge,
P.M.
1990
5. Similarly, organizations tend to have ‘memories’
which preserve certain behaviours,
norms and values.
Easterby-‐Smith,
M.
,
Crossan,
M.,
and
Nicolini,
D.
2000
6. In creating a learning environment it is
important to replace confrontational
attitudes with an open culture that
promotes inquiry and trust.O’Keeffe,
T.
2002
7. To achieve this, the learning
organization needs mecha-
nisms for locating and
assessing organiza-
tional theories
of action. -‐
Argyris,
C.
1999