1. Presented By:
Akhilesh Verma
Roll No-122601
ME (ECE) Regular
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL

2.  INTRODUCTION
 CONCEPT
 MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
• SMI
• MIB
 SNMP
 MESSAGES
 UDP PORTS
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES
 REFERENCES
September 4, 2013 2
CONTENTS

3.  The Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to
manage network resources. This standardization
gives network administrators the ability to
monitor network performance.
 Defines the format of packets exchanged between
a manager and an agent.
 It reads and changes the status (values) of
objects(variables) in SNMP packets.
September 4, 2013 3
INTRODUCTION

4. September 4, 2013 4
CONCEPT
AGENT
AGENT
VARIABLES

5.  Here is a very simplified picture.
 Network manager contact to the agent through
TCP/IP protocol.
 The agent resides in the managed devices and this
agent have some agent variables which should be
available to this manger for monitoring.
September 4, 2013 5
CONCEPT

6.  AGENT:
• A router or host that runs the SNMP server
program.
• Keep the performance information in a data base.
• Can send a trap to the manager if something
unusual occurs.
September 4, 2013 6
CONCEPT

7.  MANAGER:
• A host that runs the SNMP client program.
• Has access to values in the agent database.
September 4, 2013 7
CONCEPT

8.  A manager checks an agent by requesting
information that reflects the behaviour of the
agent.
 A manager forces an agent to perform a task by
resetting values in the agent database.
 An agent contributes to the management process
by warning the manager of an unusual situation
September 4, 2013 8
CONCEPT

9. MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
September 4, 2013 9

10.  Management
September 4, 2013 10
MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
SNMP
SMI MIB

11.  This is the actual SNMP protocol itself.
 It defines how information is exchanged between
SNMP agents and network management stations.
 The SNMP protocol operations define the various
SNMP messages and how they are created and
used.
September 4, 2013 11
SNMP

12.  SNMP transport mappings describe how SNMP
can be used over various underlying internetworks
such as TCP/IP,IPX and others.
 It simply an application program that has a client
on the manager and a server on the agent.
September 4, 2013 12
SNMP

13. STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
September 4, 2013 13

14.  SMI defines the general rules for naming objects,
defining object type (including range and length),
showing how to encode object and values.
 SMI does not define the number of objects, an
entity should manage or name the objects to be
managed or define the association between the
objects and their values.
September 4, 2013 14
SMI

15.  To name objects.
 To define the type of data that can be stored in the
object.
 To show how to encode the data for transmission.
September 4, 2013 15
SMI FUNCTION

16. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASES
September 4, 2013 16

17.  Creates a collection of named objects, their types,
and their relationships to each other in an entity to
be managed.
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MIB

18. September 4, 2013 18
OBJECT ATTRIBUTES

19. September 4, 2013 19
OBJECT IDENTIFIER

20.  All objects managed by SNMP are given an object
identifier.
 The object identifier always starts with 1.3.6.1.2.1.
September 4, 2013 20
OBJECT IDENTIFIER

21. September 4, 2013 21
DATA TYPE

22.  Integer32
 Unsigned32
 Counter32
 Counter64
 Gauage32
September 4, 2013 22
SIMPLE TYPE

23. September 4, 2013 23
CODES FOR DATA TYPE

24.  Sequence (like structure)
• Combination of simple data types,not of same
type.
 Sequence of (like array)
• Combination of simple data types all of same type.
September 4, 2013 24
STRUCTURED DATA TYPE

25. September 4, 2013 25
CONCEPTUAL DATA TYPES

26. September 4, 2013 26
ENCODING FORMAT

27. September 4, 2013 27
HOW TO DEFINE INTEGER -14

28. September 4, 2013 28
HOW TO DEFINE OBJECT IDENTIFIER
1.3.6.1(iso.org.dod.internet)

29. September 4, 2013 29
HOW TO DEFINE IP ADDRESS
131.21.14.8

30.  Sequence (like array)
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MIB2

31. September 4, 2013 31
UDP GROUP

32. September 4, 2013 32
UDP VARIABLE AND TABLES

33. September 4, 2013 33
INDEXES FOR UDP TABLE

34. September 4, 2013 34
LEXICOGRAPHIC ORDERING

35.  Five messages of SNMP
1.Get Request
->Sent by manager requesting specific data
from agent
2.Get Next Request
->Retrieves the next value of the next lexical
MIB variable.
3.Get Response
->Agent respond with data for get and set
requests from the manager.
September 4, 2013 35
SNMP MESSAGES

36. 4.Set Request
->Initializes or changes the value of network
element
5.Trap
->Alarm generated by an agent
September 4, 2013 36
SNMP MESSAGES

37. September 4, 2013 37
TYPES OF ERRORS

38. • Traps are unrequested event reports that are sent
to a management system by an SNMP agent
process
• When a trappable event occurs, a trap message is
generated by the agent and is sent to a trap
destination (a specific, configured network
address)
• Many events can be configured to signal a
trap, like a network cable fault, failing Hard
Drive, a “General Protection Fault”, or a power
supply failure
September 4, 2013 38
WHAT IS TRAP

39. • Traps can also be throttled -- You can limit the
number of traps sent per second from the agent
• Traps have a priority associated with them --
Critical, Major, Minor, Warning, Marginal,
Informational, Normal, Unknown
September 4, 2013 39
WHAT IS TRAP

40. (0).coldStart -agent has been booted
(1).warmStart -agent has been rebooted
(2).linkDown -interface has gone down
(3).Linkup -interface has come up
September 4, 2013 40
TRAP TYPES

41. 4.authenticationFailure -invalid community
5.egpNeighbourLoss -router has gone to down state
6.enterpriseSpecific -other messages
September 4, 2013 41
TRAP TYPES

42. September 4, 2013 42
PORTS NUMBERS FOR SNMP

43. September 4, 2013 43
COMMERCIAL SNMP APPLICATIONS
Here are some of the various SNMP Management products available today
•http://www.hp.com/go/openview/ HP OpenView
•http://www.tivoli.com/ IBM NetView
•http://www.novell.com/products/managewise/ Novell ManageWise
•http://www.sun.com/solstice/ Sun MicroSystems Solstice
•http://www.microsoft.com/smsmgmt/ Microsoft SMS Server
•http://www.compaq.com/products/servers/management/ Compaq Insight Manger
•http://www.redpt.com/ SnmpQL - ODBC Compliant
•http://www.empiretech.com/ Empire Technologies
•ftp://ftp.cinco.com/users/cinco/demo/ Cinco Networks NetXray
•http://www.netinst.com/html/snmp.html SNMP Collector (Win9X/NT)
•http://www.netinst.com/html/Observer.html Observer
•http://www.gordian.com/products_technologies/snmp.html Gordian’s SNMP Agent
•http://www.castlerock.com/ Castle Rock Computing
•http://www.adventnet.com/ Advent Network Management
•http://www.smplsft.com/ SimpleAgent, SimpleTester

44.  Standardized
 Universally supported
 Extendible
 Portable
 Allows distributed management access
 Light weight protocol
September 4, 2013 44
ADVANTAGES OF USING SNMP

45.  TCP/IP protocol suite by Behrouz A. Forouzan.
 Internetworking with TCP/IP,principles,protocols
and architectures by Douglas E. Comer.
 Network management principles and practices by
mani Subhramanian.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Network_M
anagement_Protocol
 http://www.erlang.org/doc/apps/snmp/snm
p.pdf
 http://www.hit.bme.hu/~jakab/edu/litr/SNMP/s
nmp_basics.pdf
September 4, 2013 45
REFERENCES