1. Science that implies a
serious and deep study
Is the system human of a language Is the scientific study of
communication language
linguistics
Study of a
language in
general and of
languages in Preliminary notions
particular

2. Is
A branch of linguistics
That
Study language changeand language relationship
Was an
Established discipline
Jacob Grimm (1785-1863)
Scholars as
Franz Boop (1791-1867)
August Schleicher (1821-1868)

3. Differeces
among them
Descriptively and during the
in order to languaje
find out
similarities learning
process
2 or more Constrative compares
languages linguistic
Centaily
Studies
analizes

4. Originally
Knows as comparative philology
this May be knows as comparative diachronic linguistics as well
Is * A branch of historical or diachronic linguistics

5. Sillabi.- The exposition of CL proceds
level-by-level, and the traditional
Contrastive linguistics three levels provide ample scope.
Lexis.- language, terminology, terms
syllabus
expresion.
Soun.- Untterances (computation)
Syntax.- Grammar, sentence
structure, languaje, rules.
*It is the study of the ability of
natural languaje speakers to
communicatye more than what is
CARL JAMES.- explicitly states.
States that Contrastive pragmatics •The ability to understand another
constrastive speaker`s intended meaniong is
called prgmatic competence.
linguistics is a
FUNDAMENTALS •* Another perspective is that
relevant and pracmatics deals whit the ways we
FOR TEACHING CL rewarding reach our goaling in
study area communicationghbv
for certain
type of The contrastive Method. In principle,
every diffence or similarity between
students Metodology of two or more related languaje should
contrastivelinguistics be explicable in terms of isolation or
context analysis.
Has been described as
microlinguistic contrstive anlysis
(Jame 1980:61): phonology,
grammar, lexis. Example of
research questions.
•Wath are the vowel and
consonant phonemes in MT and
NEW TRENDS TL?
•Hwo do they differ in their
inventory, realisation, and
distribution?
•What is the tense system of MT
and TL?
•What are the verbs of saying in
MT and TL?

6. •It suplies reference to description of linguistic phonema in the students`mother tongue.
•In group of 3-4, students should produce parallel description of the same observable fact in
the foreing languaje .
•It recognizesand usesthe IPA conventional register
THE ROLE OF •It develops listening decoding and transcription notation
CORPORA •It does transfer analysis among languajes to bring into play correctivephonology.
• Is an arbitrary structed system of utterances sounds, gestures, sings and
movements, written symbols morphemes, words and sentences used for
human communication.
LANGUAgE
• List about 6,912 living languages in the world up to 2005.
ETHNOLOGY

7. VERBAL LANGUAGE
• Nash (1977) expresses thet a verbal language “is ephemeral because it vanishes
into the air as soon as it is uttered”.
they live in and accordingly to their lifestyles; consequently,
People communicate in endless ways due to the vast places
LANGUAGE FAMILY
• It is a group of languajes related by descent from a common ancestor called the
proto-language of that family.
BRIEF CLASIFICATION OF LANGUAJES
abundant variations of languajes have arisen.
INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE
• It is a language as a wole from the same family. The individual languages are
identifiel as being of one of the followingfive types.
HISTORIC LANGUAGE
•A languaje is listed as historic when it is considered to be distinct from any modern languages that
are descended from it.
CONSTRUCTED LANGEAGES
•This part of ISO 639 also includes identifiers thet denote constructed languages.
DIALECT
•It is aq variety of a lñanguage, spoken in a detrmined area limited by greographical or political

8. LANGUAGE INTELLIGIBILITY
•The term intelligibility refers to the promotion of a speacker´s out put that a listener can readily
understand.
IDIOLECT
•It is the langauge system of an individual as expressed by the way a person speak –voice qualyity,
ptch, speech rhythm- or writes within the overall system of a particular languages.
JARGON
•It is the language used by the people who work in a particulararea or who have a common
interest: lawyers, computer programmers, criminals, etc.
COLLOQUIALISM
• Itis the informal expression, that is, an expression not used in formal speech or
writing.
SLANG
•It is a language at at´s most informal, using expressions that many wouid considered to be
grammatically amperfect and sometimes rude.
NON VERBAL LANGUAGE
•No sound is uttered. This could be symbolic (written) or Mimic..

9. Written or It is a system of
symbolic permanent written
symbols.
language
IDIOGRAPHIC It is a writing system
which uses ideograms
WRITING (symbols) torepresent
LANGUAGE whole words or concepts.
SYLLABIC It is based on syllables
which are represented by
WRITING separate symbols;
LANGUAGE e.g.japanese.
ALPHABETICAL It is based on sound-pronuntation-and
WRITING deals whit alphabetical symbols whitch
LANGUAGE represent consonant or vowel sounds.
ARTICULATED Deals with ponetic spelling.
LANGUAJE
ENGLISH English belongs to the Western
group of the Germinic branch of the
LANGUAGE Indo-European languages family.
SPANISH Spanish belongs to the Romance
branch of the Indo-European
LANGUA language famyli.

10. 1.- The same letter or
letter combination can
refer to different
sounds.
2.- The same soun can
be written whit
differen letters or
letter combinations.
3.- Different dialects
pronunced the same
word differently.

11. CLUSTER
intrasylabic Intersyllabic
Consonant medial Final clusters
Vowel cluster Initial cluster Medial clusters medial
cluster clusters
cluster
Initial two-
This deals whit Consonant It is when Spanish has
A consonant Spanish and
the cluster may one no clusters
cluster also English
pronunciation occur in both consonant in final
known as a might have
the students English and of the position
consonant from two up
give to synthetic Spanish while When it cluster while
blend is a to four-
words three- belongs to belongs to English
group or medial
containing consonant the second the first words
sequence of consonant
orthographic clusters just of the two syllable and containing
consonants clusters:
vowel-cluster take place in syllable the other(s) from two up
that appear -VCCV-/-
and analyzes the English. peaks to the to four final
together in a VCCCV-/-
observed CCV-(liquants between second, so consonant
syllable whit VCCCCV-;
pronunciation in and liquids. which they syllable cluster may
out a vowel except
relation to Three-initial- appear as division perhaps
between English
common English consonant medial. occurs occur: -
them. which may
words cluster,CCCV- between VCCV-/ -
pile up to
containing the just happen the VCCCC-/ -
five-
same vowel in English. members. VCCCCV-.
consonant
cluster clusters: -
VCCCCCV_.

12. PHONOLOGY
Is the study of the
system of phonemes of
a language
PHONEMICS PHONETICS DIACRITIC
It is a mark placed over,
It is the study and under or through a
It studies the relevant, description of the
distinctive and letter (or phonetic
speech sound made by symbols) to show that it
significant elements in a the human voices.
language which has a sound value
different from tha letter
(or phonological
symbol).

13. •Also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in
the word to day
•In modern usage, the term “Latin Alphabet” is used for any straight forward
LATIN ALPHABET derivation alphabet first used to write.
ALPHABET
•To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on population
LATIN ALPHABET AND usage.
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS
•There are as many transcription conventions as dictionaries and readers`necessitie.
•This implies having almost the same problems as ordinary orthography.
THE INTERNATIONAL •This alphabet was proposed and mainly accepted by linguistics, phoneticians,
PHONETIC ALPHABET language teachers, and currently dictionary makers.
(IPA)

14. TRANSCRIPTION
It a system of notation that represents
utterances or partial utterances of a language
pronunced by people in general.
• Also identified as phonetic transcription, it is
BROAD the notation that represents utterances of a
TRANSCRIPTION language .
NARROW • It is a notation that represent variant of a
TRANSCRIPTION specific phonemes.
• Marking stress in both monosyllabic and
PEDAGOGICAL multisyllabic words is some didactic advice for
HINTS students to be able to use and pronounced
properly the stressed syllables in words.