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9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
1 
CIT-603 
Systems Programming 
Govt. Post Graduate College, Samanabad, Faisalabad 
Lecture By: Khalid Mahmood
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
2 
Contents 
 Motivation 
 Communication 
 Grading, Policy on Cheating
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
3 
Motivation 
 Manage hardware 
 Make it easier to use 
 Powerful primitives 
 Fancy interface 
 Make use more efficient
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
4 
Motivation 
 Basics of Systems Programming? 
 What is an Operating System? 
 What resource management and 
allocation can an operating system do 
for my applications? 
 What do I need to know about 
operating systems for my first start 
up company?
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
5 
Communication 
 News for all non-personal 
communication. 
 E-mail: mkhalidmd@gmail.com or 
individual e-mail addresses. 
 Office Hours – To be arranged
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
6 
Course Information 
 Prerequisites: Operating Systems 
 Student Responsibilities 
 Laboratory Facilities 
 Online Resources 
 lecture slides and videos 
 News
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
7 
Grading Policy 
(subject to minor changes) 
 Final Exam 30% 
 Midterm Exam 20% 
 Midterm Exam 2 15% 
 10 Machine Problems 50% 
 Bonus Points + 3% for attendance 
and participation
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
8 
Grading 
 Exams, MPs and Quizzes : Individual 
Assignments unless otherwise stated 
 Late Policy: 2% an hour 
 No late quizzes, one make up only 
and on Doctor’s excuse 
 1 week for regrade requests
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
9 
Cheating Policy 
 Academic integrity 
 Your work in this class must be your 
own - we have a zero tolerance policy 
towards cheating of any kind and any 
student who cheats will get a failing 
grade in the course.
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
10 
Cheating Policy 
 Both the cheater and the student who 
aided the cheater will be held 
responsible for the cheating
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
11 
OS Examples 
 Linux 
 NT 
 VMWare
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
12 
Possible future MPs 
•Design your own web server 
•Write a simple device driver 
•Build a simple file system and integrate it with 
your own server 
•Use memory mapped files to build a simple 
VMware emulator 
•Study caches, context switching, and 
multithreading using VTunes performance monitor
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
13 
Exams 
Mid Term 
Make Up 
Dates to be mentioned….. 
Final Dates to be mentioned…..
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
14 
Summary 
 Start on Thursday with Chapter 1 
 Revise C++, Separate Compilation, Linking, 
Make, Take Quiz 
 Please think about what an OS does 
 What would you like in an Operating 
System? 
 Visit the web site
Chapter 1 
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
15 
Introduction 
1.1 What is an operating system 
1.2 History of operating systems 
1.3 The operating system zoo 
1.4 Computer hardware review 
1.5 Operating system concepts 
1.6 System calls 
1.7 Operating system structure
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
16 
Introduction 
 A computer system consists of 
 hardware 
 system programs 
 application programs
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
17 
What is an Operating System 
 It is an extended machine 
 Hides the messy details which must be performed 
 Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use 
 It is a resource manager 
 Each program gets time with the resource 
 Each program gets space on the resource
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
18 
History of Operating Systems 
(1) 
Early batch system 
 bring cards to 1401 
 read cards to tape 
 put tape on 7094 which does computing 
 put tape on 1401 which prints output
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
19 
History of Operating Systems 
(2) 
 First generation 1945 – 1955 
 vacuum tubes, plug boards 
 Second generation 1955 - 1965 
 transistors, batch systems 
 Third generation 1965 – 1980 
 ICs and multiprogramming 
 Fourth generation 1980 – present 
– personal computers
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
20 
History of Operating Systems 
(3) 
 Structure of a typical FMS job – 2nd 
generation
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
21 
History of Operating Systems 
(4) 
Multiprogramming system 
– three jobs in memory – 3rd generation
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
22 
The Operating System Zoo 
 Mainframe operating systems 
 Server operating systems 
 Multiprocessor operating systems 
 Personal computer operating systems 
 Real-time operating systems 
 Embedded operating systems 
 Smart card operating systems
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
23 
Computer Hardware Review 
(1) 
 Components of a simple personal 
computer 
Monitor 
Bus
Computer Hardware Review (2) 
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
24 
(a) A three-stage pipeline 
(b) A superscalar CPU
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
25 
Computer Hardware Review 
(3) 
Typical memory hierarchy 
– numbers shown are rough approximations
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
26 
Computer Hardware Review 
(4) 
Structure of a disk drive
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
27 
Computer Hardware Review 
(5) 
One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs
9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, 
All Rights Reserved 
28 
Summary 
 An Operating System is an 
 extended machine 
 a resource manager

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Sp1.intro

  • 1. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 1 CIT-603 Systems Programming Govt. Post Graduate College, Samanabad, Faisalabad Lecture By: Khalid Mahmood
  • 2. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 2 Contents  Motivation  Communication  Grading, Policy on Cheating
  • 3. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 3 Motivation  Manage hardware  Make it easier to use  Powerful primitives  Fancy interface  Make use more efficient
  • 4. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 4 Motivation  Basics of Systems Programming?  What is an Operating System?  What resource management and allocation can an operating system do for my applications?  What do I need to know about operating systems for my first start up company?
  • 5. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 5 Communication  News for all non-personal communication.  E-mail: mkhalidmd@gmail.com or individual e-mail addresses.  Office Hours – To be arranged
  • 6. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 6 Course Information  Prerequisites: Operating Systems  Student Responsibilities  Laboratory Facilities  Online Resources  lecture slides and videos  News
  • 7. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 7 Grading Policy (subject to minor changes)  Final Exam 30%  Midterm Exam 20%  Midterm Exam 2 15%  10 Machine Problems 50%  Bonus Points + 3% for attendance and participation
  • 8. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 8 Grading  Exams, MPs and Quizzes : Individual Assignments unless otherwise stated  Late Policy: 2% an hour  No late quizzes, one make up only and on Doctor’s excuse  1 week for regrade requests
  • 9. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 9 Cheating Policy  Academic integrity  Your work in this class must be your own - we have a zero tolerance policy towards cheating of any kind and any student who cheats will get a failing grade in the course.
  • 10. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 10 Cheating Policy  Both the cheater and the student who aided the cheater will be held responsible for the cheating
  • 11. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 11 OS Examples  Linux  NT  VMWare
  • 12. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 12 Possible future MPs •Design your own web server •Write a simple device driver •Build a simple file system and integrate it with your own server •Use memory mapped files to build a simple VMware emulator •Study caches, context switching, and multithreading using VTunes performance monitor
  • 13. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 13 Exams Mid Term Make Up Dates to be mentioned….. Final Dates to be mentioned…..
  • 14. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 14 Summary  Start on Thursday with Chapter 1  Revise C++, Separate Compilation, Linking, Make, Take Quiz  Please think about what an OS does  What would you like in an Operating System?  Visit the web site
  • 15. Chapter 1 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 15 Introduction 1.1 What is an operating system 1.2 History of operating systems 1.3 The operating system zoo 1.4 Computer hardware review 1.5 Operating system concepts 1.6 System calls 1.7 Operating system structure
  • 16. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 16 Introduction  A computer system consists of  hardware  system programs  application programs
  • 17. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 17 What is an Operating System  It is an extended machine  Hides the messy details which must be performed  Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use  It is a resource manager  Each program gets time with the resource  Each program gets space on the resource
  • 18. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 18 History of Operating Systems (1) Early batch system  bring cards to 1401  read cards to tape  put tape on 7094 which does computing  put tape on 1401 which prints output
  • 19. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 19 History of Operating Systems (2)  First generation 1945 – 1955  vacuum tubes, plug boards  Second generation 1955 - 1965  transistors, batch systems  Third generation 1965 – 1980  ICs and multiprogramming  Fourth generation 1980 – present – personal computers
  • 20. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 20 History of Operating Systems (3)  Structure of a typical FMS job – 2nd generation
  • 21. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 21 History of Operating Systems (4) Multiprogramming system – three jobs in memory – 3rd generation
  • 22. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 22 The Operating System Zoo  Mainframe operating systems  Server operating systems  Multiprocessor operating systems  Personal computer operating systems  Real-time operating systems  Embedded operating systems  Smart card operating systems
  • 23. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 23 Computer Hardware Review (1)  Components of a simple personal computer Monitor Bus
  • 24. Computer Hardware Review (2) 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 24 (a) A three-stage pipeline (b) A superscalar CPU
  • 25. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 25 Computer Hardware Review (3) Typical memory hierarchy – numbers shown are rough approximations
  • 26. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 26 Computer Hardware Review (4) Structure of a disk drive
  • 27. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 27 Computer Hardware Review (5) One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs
  • 28. 9/9/2014 CIT-603 © 2014 Khalid Mahmood, All Rights Reserved 28 Summary  An Operating System is an  extended machine  a resource manager