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2.1 product life cycle design vezzoli 09-10 (37)
1. course System Design for Sustainability
subject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD)
learning resource 2.1
Product Life Cycle Design
carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
2. CONTENTS
. Product design environmental requirements
. Damaging environmental effects
. Life cycle assessment (LCA)
. Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional
. Product Life Cycle Design criteria
. Resources minimisation
. Low impact resources selection
. Product life optimisation
. Material life extension
. Design for disassembly
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
3. (product) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)
the discipline integrating
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
within the PRODUCT design process
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
4. PRODUCT DESIGN
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
- RELATED TO:
(DAMAGING) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
- ASSOCIATED HOW (TO A PRODUCT):
> LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
5. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A
SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE
NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC
TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION
AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
input: substance extraction from the environment
output: substance emission in the environment
(not all impacts damage with the same entity)
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
6. INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
RESOURCES EXHAUSTION
ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE
(damaging outputs of extractive processes)
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
7. OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
global warming (greenhouse effect)
ozone layer depletion
eutrophication
acidification
smog
toxicity
wastes
...
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
8. serra
greenhouse effect
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
9. ozono
ozone layer deplation
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
13. t
o
x
i
c
i
t
Carlo Vezzoli
y
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
14. wastes
rifiuti
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
15. DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
TO A PRODUCT?
AND HOW?
CRITERIA:
- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
- FUNCTIONAL UNIT
EVALUATION METHOD:
- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
16. PRODUCT
LIFE CYCLE
APPROACH
other
product’s
life cycle
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
17. FUNCTIONAL UNIT (APPROACH)
IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE ASSESSED
(DESIGNED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE PROCESSES
ASSOCIATED WITH THE FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN
FUNCTION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
18. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCT
LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
a quantitative method to assess the environmental
effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in
relation to its functional units
ISO 14040
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
19. e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span)
PRE-PROD. DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
PRODUCTION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
20. e.g. LCA refrigerator (10 years life span)
PRE-PROD. DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
PRODUCTION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
21. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH
an extended design horizon
from product design
to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages
the design “reference”
from product design
to product’s “FUNCTION” design
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
22. LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LCD)
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMETS:
MINIMIZE THE INPUTS AND THE OUTPUTS
quantitatively
qualitatively
in relation to life cycle and functional unit
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
23. LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA
RESOURCES MINIMISATION
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
24. RESOURCES MINIMISATION
quantitative impact reduction (life cycle/function)
DESIGN FOR:
MATERAIL USE MINIMISATION
in life cycle phases
ENERGY USE MINIMISATION
in life cycle phases
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
25. LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
qualitative impact reduction (life cycle/function)
DESIGN FOR:
RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY
in all life cycle phases
RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS
in all life cycle phases
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
26. RESOURCES RENEWABILITY
DEPENDS ON:
- RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED
- EXTRACTION FREQUENCY
a resource is renewable if:
a context related
anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
27. MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
DEPENDS ON:
- MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
- CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT
A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS
(USUALLY) “MISLEADING ”
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
28. PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
DESIGN FOR:
EXTENDING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) LIFE SPAN
INTENSIFYING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) USE
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
29. AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
short product/component life
PRE-PRODUCTION PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION USE CONSUMPTION
USE USE
DISPOSAL
same function in time
DISP.
USE USE
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIB.
UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS
PROD. CAUSING CONSUMPTION
PRODUCTION
PRE-PRODUCTION P-PROD.
extended product/component life
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
30. AVOIDED IMPACTS
product/component intense life
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
A1 B1 C1 B2 A2 C2 B3 A3 C3
LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE
use (function) during time
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
A1 A2 A3
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
B1 B2 B3
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
C1 C2 C3
products/components not intense life
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
31. LIGHTER IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
intense life products/components
PP P Dt Ds NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND
TECHNIQUES WITH
LOWER USE CONSMPTION
LIFE FUNCTION OF LENGHT OF USE
PP P Dt Ds
NEW PRE AND POST
CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIES
WITH LOWER IMPACT
PP P Dt Ds
use (function) during of time
PP P Dt Ds
PP P Dt Ds
PP P Dt Ds
not intense life products/components
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
32. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR:
RECYCLING
ENERGY RECOVERY
COMPOSTING
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
33. AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS
material non-extended life
LANDFILL
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
PRE-PRODUCTION PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
RECYCLING
COMBUSTION
COMPOSTING
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
PRE-PRODUCTION
material extended life
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
34. POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES:
(COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING)
. collection
. transportation
. separation (disassembly a/o crushing)
. identification
. cleaning
. secondary raw material’s production
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
35. MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMP.)
DIPENDS ON:
- SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS
performances recovery (and process costs)
- PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE
- RECYCLING PHASES
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
36. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
> of parts/components
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
> of materials
MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
37. INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES
FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT:
- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others
- can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING
FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)
identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:
> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per product type
> most promising criteria related GUIDELINES
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
