5.3 (other) system design tools ceschin 09-10

course System Design for Sustainability
Subject 5. Methods and tools for SDS

learning resource 5.2
(Other) system design tools

fabrizio ceschin
politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability

Fabrizio Ceschin
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy

CONTENTS
SYSTEM DESIGN VISUALISATION AND (CO)DESIGN
TOOLS
.System Map
.Interaction table (story-board)
.Satisfaction Offering diagram
.Stakeholder motivation matrix
.Solution elements

FOR EACH TOOL:
Objectives and description
How to use it
Integration in the MSDS design process
Software and/or other supports

Fabrizio Ceschin

3. SYSTEM MAP

visualise (design
and co-design) the
structure of the
system, describing
actors involved and
their interactions

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

visualise (design
and co-design)
the functioning
of the system in
time: the
narrative (story)
of the front-desk
(with the clients)
and back-stage
interactions
(between other
stakeholders)

Fabrizio Ceschin

5. SATISFACTION OFFERING DIAGRAM

visualise (design
and co-design)
the satisfaction
offered by the
system, and how
this is delivered
to the
user/customer

Fabrizio Ceschin

6. STAKEHOLDERS MOTIVATION MATRIX

visualise (design
and co-design) the
motivations that
actors have in
being involved in
the system

Fabrizio Ceschin

7. SOLUTION ELEMENTS

visualise (design
and co-design) the
elements
(products,
services, labour)
needed to the
system, and who,
among the system
stakeholders, has
to design/
produce/deliver
such elements

Fabrizio Ceschin

TOOLS COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

Fabrizio Ceschin

VISUALISATION, DESIGN AND CO-DESIGN
TOOLS
VISUALISATION DESIGN CO-DESIGN

System map

Interaction table

Story-board

Satisfaction offering
diagram

Solution element

Stakeholders
motivation matrix

Fabrizio Ceschin

PROGRESSIVE TOOLS
Tools that evolve in details during the development of the project

_

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL OF DETAIL
+
Fabrizio Ceschin

DESCPRIPTION OF THE SINGLE TOOLS

Fabrizio Ceschin

STAKEHOLDER SYSTEM MAP

The tool was developed by
Francois Jégou within the
EU funded research: HiCS
- Highly Customerised
Solutions, Solution-
oriented design,
production and delivery
systems (European
Research, GROWTH
Programme / European 5th
Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin

3. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP
AIM:
to visualise (to design
and co-design) the
structure of the
system, describing the
involved stakeholders
and their interactions

Fabrizio Ceschin

WHAT IT
CONSISTS OF:
a graphical
representation
containing:

> stakeholders
involved

> flows/interactions:
physical, financial
informational, and
labor performance

Fabrizio Ceschin

WHAT IT
CONSISTS OF:
> a codified
representation:
because it's a
"technical drawing" of
the system of actors
allowing to represent
alternative system in a
reproducible and
comparable way

Fabrizio Ceschin

HOW TO BUILD UP A SYSTEM MAP?

Fabrizio Ceschin


Platform
boundary

main stakeholders

System
boundary

secondary stakeholders

Fabrizio Ceschin


E-meal appliance producer

E-meal
Food providers

Structure icon
Characterization icon Offices
Catering provider Slogan

Health adviser

Fabrizio Ceschin


BASIC RULE TO REPRESENT EACH ACTORS

structure characterisation slogan icon

+ + Bio food provider =
Bio food provider

+ + Logistic provider =
Logistic provider

+ + Local delivery shop =
Local delivery shop

Fabrizio Ceschin



E-meal
Food providers

MAIN STAKEHOLDER
Big icon Offices
Catering provider

SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER
Small icon
Health adviser

Fabrizio Ceschin


companies contract service
for their employees…


E-meal
Food providers
ARROW
+ meals are delivered in companies…

DESCRIPTION

Offices
vegetable, dairy and
bread products employees pick-up their
meal when they want…
Catering provider
employees order the day before by internet…
diet advice service
with meal ordering

Health adviser

Fabrizio Ceschin




E-meal
Food providers

meals are delivered in companies…

Offices
Catering provider
diet advice service
with meal ordering

Health adviser MATERIAL FLOWS

Fabrizio Ceschin




E-meal
Food providers


Offices
Catering provider
diet advice service
with meal ordering

Health adviser INFORMATIONAL FLOWS

Fabrizio Ceschin




E-meal
Food providers


Offices
Catering provider
diet advice service
with meal ordering

Health adviser FINANCIAL FLOWS

Fabrizio Ceschin




E-meal
Food providers


DARK GREY
Offices

Catering provider CORE FLOWS meal when they want…

LIGHT GREY
diet advice service
with meal ordering

SECONDARY FLOWS
Health adviser

Fabrizio Ceschin


1. companies contract service


E-meal start

Food providers

3. meals are delivered in companies…

Offices
bread products 4. employees pick-up their
Catering provider
2. employees order the day before by internet…
diet advice service
with meal ordering

Health adviser READING ORDER

Fabrizio Ceschin

integration in the design process STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT PROMOTERS
increasing the detail level ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE CONTEXT
ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE STRUCTURE
ANALYSIS OF BEST PRACTICES
DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN PRIORITIES
describe the system
organization related to EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
a best practice IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
ORIENTING SCENARIO - VISIONS/CLUSTERS/IDEAS

formalisation of the
tentative system SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
organization ideas VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION
SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

development of the
system organization: SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)
stakeholders involved SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)
and their interactions ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

further development
COMMUNICATION
(in details) of the
system organization DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS:

This tool requires the use of standardized icons built
using presentation software (e.g. open office,
powerpoint).
A basic template facilitate the construction of the
System Maps in a systematic and uniform way.

> You will be provided with a powerpoint file, in which
you can find…

Fabrizio Ceschin

…structure icons…

public local school
istitution association PUBLIC ISTITUTIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS

individual collective
house house HOMES

industrial services local mobile
company company shop shop COMPANIES AND STORES

Fabrizio Ceschin

…characterization icons (activities)…

EATING

TRANSPORTING

COMMUNICATING

WORKING IN OFFICE

Fabrizio Ceschin

…characterization icons (people)…

GENERAL PEOPLE

PEOPLE AT WORK

Fabrizio Ceschin

…flows
Material Information Financial Labour
flow flow flow performance

core PSS
performance

alternative PSS
performance,
implementation or
back-office flows

1. vegetables

timing and description
of the flow one way flow exchange

Fabrizio Ceschin


COPY AND PASTE
THE ELEMENTS
FROM THE
LIBRARIES TO
THE LAYOUT

Fabrizio Ceschin


on
OPEN SOURCE
LIBRARIES www.lens.polimi.it
“Tools” section

Fabrizio Ceschin

INTERACTION TABLE e STORY-BOARD
INTERACTION TABLE

The tools were developed
by DIS unit of research
STORY BOARD
from the work did by
Daniela sangiorgi within
the EU funded research:
MEPSS European research
project (Methodology for
Product Service Systems)
Growth Programme /
European 5th Framework.

Fabrizio Ceschin

INTERACTION TABLE

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. INTERACTION TABLE
AIM:
visualise and
(co)design the
functioning of the
system, intended as
the narrative (story) of
the front-desk (with
the clients) and back-
stage interactions
(between other
stakeholders)

Fabrizio Ceschin

WHAT IT CONSISTS
OF: it is a graphical
representation
containing:

> the sequence of
images, representing (in
time) the various
interactions of the
different stakeholders

> and short texts,
describing the specific
role played by each
stakeholders in each
single interaction
Fabrizio Ceschin


USER ROLE

SYSTEM ROLE

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SHORT TEXT

IMAGE

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...A BACKGROUND
…AND THE REPRESENTING
STAKEHOLDERS THE CONTEXT OF
(HIGHLIGHTED EACH ACTION
FROM THE
BACKGROUND)

IMAGES SHOULD
CONTAINE ONLY
NECESSARY
ELEMENTS…

Fabrizio Ceschin

SOLUTION
ELEMENTS
NEEDED TO
CARRY OUT THE
SERVICE ATION SERVICE
ACTION

Fabrizio Ceschin


Fabrizio Ceschin

analyse a best practice
describing the user EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
interactions IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY

SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
visualization of the VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION
interactions of the user SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
and the other ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK
stakeholders involved
SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)

further development
COMMUNICATION
(in details) of all the
system interactions DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin


Based on spreadsheet applications (e.g. open-office,
excel) [a model can be downloaded from lens.polimi.it
under the “tools” section]

Fabrizio Ceschin


Open source library of images (places)
www.lens.polimi.it

Fabrizio Ceschin


Open source library of images (people)
www.lens.polimi.it

Fabrizio Ceschin


combine the images to realize the visualization:

CONTEXT PEOPLE IMAGES
IMAGES

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
if the aim is to present (to the client or to the other
actors involved in the project) the functioning of the
system…

… INTERACTION
TABLE is not the
most effective tool

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
if the aim is to present (to the client or to the other
actors involved in the project) the functioning of the
system…

… it is suggested to use the
STORY BOARD

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

SCOPE:
visualise and (co)design the functioning of the
system, intended as the narrative (story) of the
front-desk (with the clients) and back-stage
interactions (between other stakeholders)

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF:
interaction table abstract showing, in one single
linear sequence, the functioning of the system
(back stage and front office interactions)

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
PRESENTATION
SUPPORT (1)

ON PAPER
visualisation of the
interactions on one
or more pages

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

ABSTRACT FROM INTERACTION
SINGLE LINEAR
TABLE: ONLY THE INTERACTIONS
SEQUENCE
FUNCTIONAL TO THE NARRATIVE

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
COLOURS CORRESPOND TO THE
ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE
SYSTEM

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
PRESENTATION
SUPPORT (2)

VIDEO
visualisation of 1 or
2 interactions at one
time

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

DWDE and
4
Shonaquip
explain to the
Reconstricted
Team how to
mantain and
use the
vehicle. The
Reconstructed
team in fact
will manage
the service.

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
5
Family of
disabled
student
communicates
to the service
provider the
mobility needs
of the student.

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
6
INTERACTION
NUMBER
The
Reconstructed INTERACTION
team manages
IMAGE
all the data
using a
database.
Moreover it
works as a
service hub for
people who
want to work
as drivers. TEXT

NAVIGATOR

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
6
The
Reconstructed
team manages
all the data
using a
database.
Moreover it
works as a
service hub for INDICATION
people who
INDICATION OF THE
want to work
OF THE DIFFERENT
as drivers.
DIFFERENT SYSTEM
ACTORS PHASES

LINK BETWEEN THE
VISUALISED
INTERACTION AND
THE WHOLE
SEQUENCE
Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD
6
The
Reconstructed
team manages
all the data
using a COLOUR OF THE
database. FRAMEWORK
Moreover it CHARACTERISES
works as a THE ACTOR
service hub for
people who
want to work
as drivers.

Fabrizio Ceschin


EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY

VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION
present the sequence of
the system interactions
(on concept level)


present the sequence ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

of the system
interactions (on a
COMMUNICATION
executive level)
DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

SOFTWARE:

PRESENTATION ON PAPER graphic softwares (for ex.
SUPPORT Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator,…)

Fabrizio Ceschin

4. STORY BOARD

SOFTWARE:

PRESENTATION ON graphic softwares (for ex.
VIDEO Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator,
ecc.) for the images elaboration

slideshow presentation
software (Microsoft Powerpoint
or Open Office) for the vialusation
[a model can be dowloaded from
lens.polimi.it under the “tools”
section]

Fabrizio Ceschin

SATISFACTION OFFERING DIAGRAM
WEEKLY/DAILY
PREORDER
INGREDIENTS
SELECTION

FOOD DELIVERY

The tools was developed
by Francois Jégou within
the EU funded research:
MEPSS European research
project (Methodology for
Product Service Systems)
Growth Programme /
European 5th Framework.

Fabrizio Ceschin

AIM:
describe the main
satisfaction offered to
the user/customer,
and how this is
delivered

Fabrizio Ceschin

IN WHAT IT
CONSISTS OF:
is a graphical
representation that
containing:

> the visualisation of the
core satisfaction provided
by the system

> the visualisation of the
sub-offers (through which
the satisfaction is
delivered)

> the description of how
the sub-offers will be
delivered
Fabrizio Ceschin


CORE
SATISFACTION
DELIVERED BY
THE SYSTEM

Fabrizio Ceschin

WEEKLY/DAILY On line preorder
PREORDER based on the
INGREDIENTS disponibility
SELECTION SUB-OFFER
Using internet
or campus’
HOW THE SUB-OFFER information
points
ARE DELIVERED
FOOD DELIVERY

Students select
food basing on
seasonal
availability

Cooperatives of
Where you want
local producers
inside the
provide the
campus
campus

Biologic food Using rickshaws

Fabrizio Ceschin


describe the different IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
emerged ideas, DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
indicating the main ORIENTING SCENARIO - VISIONS/CLUSTERS/IDEAS

satisfaction delivered by
the system SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
describe the offer
delivered by the system
detailing the sub- SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)
satisfactions SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)
describe the offer
delivered by the
COMMUNICATION
system detailing all the
sub-satisfactions DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE:

IMAGES ELABORATION graphic softwares (for ex.
Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator,…)

OFFERING DIAGRAM slideshow presentation
COMPOSITION software (Microsoft Powerpoint
or Open Office)

Fabrizio Ceschin

STAKEHOLDERS MOTIVATION MATRIX

The tools was developed by Ezio Manzini, Anna Meroni and Francois Jégou within the research: HiCS, Highly Customerised Solutions,
Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme / European 5th Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin

SCOPE:
visualisation and
(co)design tool aimed
at representing the
solution from the point
of view of the
motivations that single
stakeholders have in
take part in the system

Fabrizio Ceschin

IN WHAT IT
CONSISTS OF:
a double entry table
visualising, for each
actor:
> the motivations for
being part of the
system;
> the contribute that is
given to the
partnership and in
general, and to the
other single actors;
> the potentials
synergies o conflicts
between the actors.
Fabrizio Ceschin


ACTORS

ACTORS
Fabrizio Ceschin


ACTORS MOTIVATION
IN BEING PART OF
THE SYSTEM

CROSSING THE
SAME ACTOR:

Fabrizio Ceschin


CROSSING THE
CONTRIBUTE THE
ACTOR WITH THE
SINGLE ACTORS
PARTNERSHIP:
GIVES TO THE WHOLE
PARTNERSHIP

Fabrizio Ceschin


CONTRIBUTE THAT
THE SINGLE ACTOR
(Producers) GIVES
TO THE OTHER ACTOR
(Central kitchen)

CROSSING THE
ACTOR WITH
ANOTHER ACTOR:

Fabrizio Ceschin

increasing the detail level ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT PROMOTERS
ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE CONTEXT

define the motivations IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY

and hypothesis the DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
potential contributions
and benefits for each
actor SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
define and detail the
motivations, the
potential contributions
and benefits for each SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)
actor

COMMUNICATION
DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARES:

ICONS ELABORATION slide show software (for ex.
Microsoft Powerpoint or Open
Office)

TABLE REALISATION AND data-sheet software (for ex.
MANAGEMENT Microsoft Excel or Open Office)

Fabrizio Ceschin

SOLUTION ELEMENTS

design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce
The tools was developed by Ezio Manzini, Anna Meroni and Francois Jégou within the research: HiCS, Highly Customerised Solutions,
Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme / European 5th Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin

SCOPE:
visualisation and
(co)design tool aimed
at describing the
(material and
immaterial) elements
necessary to the
system, and who,
among the system
actors, have to
design/deliver/produce
such elements
design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce

Fabrizio Ceschin

IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF:
It’s a graphical representation structured as a double entry
table, in which:

> on the orizontal axe, are visualised the material
(products, equipments, ecc) and immaterial (information,
services, labour performance) elements necessary to
implement the system solution. These elements are usually
represented by pictograms.

> on the vertical axe, are visualised the actors involved in
the system;

> crossing the elements with the actors you will see the
contribute that each single actor give in the design,
production and or delivery of such elements.

Fabrizio Ceschin

SYSTEM
PHASES

SYSTEM
ELEMENTS

ACTORS ROLES

design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce LEGEND

ACTORS

Fabrizio Ceschin

VERTICAL LECTURE:
WHO IS INVOLVED IN THE
REALISATION/DELIVERY OF A PARTICULAR
SYSTEM ELEMENTS?

progettare erogare/produrre progettare + erogare/produrre

Fabrizio Ceschin


progettare erogare/produrre progettare + erogare/produrre

ORIZONTAL LECTURE:
WHICH IS THE ROLE OF EACH ACTOR?

Fabrizio Ceschin


Fabrizio Ceschin

hypothesis the
contribute each single EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
actor gives in relation to IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
the design, delivery, and DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
production of the single
system elements

define the contribute
each single actor gives
in relation to the design,
delivery, and production
of the single system
elements COMMUNICATION
DOCUMENTS EDITING
Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARES:

ICONS ELABORATION slide show software (for ex.
Microsoft Powerpoint or Open
Office) or graphic softwares
(for ex. Adobe Photoshop, Adobe
Illustrator)

TABLE REALISATION AND data-sheet software (for ex.
MANAGEMENT Microsoft Excel or Open Office)

Fabrizio Ceschin

5.3 (other) system design tools ceschin 09-10

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