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Past perfect
tense
Subj + HAD+ +Participle + Complements
eg. I couldn’t open the door because I
had forgotten the key!!!
We couldn’t go to the concert because we
had lost the tickets.

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• Positive
Subject + had + Participle.
You passed the exam because you had studied.
– Negative
Subject + had +not + Participle.
You failed the exam because you had not
studied enough.
•Questions
Had+ Subject+ Participle+?
- Had you studied for the English Exam?
-Yes, I had
Where had they been? At school

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USE OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
•The Past Perfect expresses the idea that
something occurred before another action in the
past. It can also show that something happened
before a specific time in the past.
1- Completed Action Before Something in the Past

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2- Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)
• With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs,
we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another action in the past.
Examples:
 We had had that car for ten years before
 it broke down.
 By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over
eight years.
 They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for
more than forty years.
Abstract Verbs
to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain,
to owe, to exist...
Possession Verbs
to possess, to own, to belong...
Emotion Verbs
to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...

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