1. DISTRIBUTION A set of independent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business users.

16. FAHAD UMER

23. A typical export (distribution) procedure Exporter Importer Importer’s bank 2 Bank in exporter’s country 3 4 Manufacturing 5 Secure transport and documentation 6 Ship 7 Customs Import warehouse 9 8 1

27. MARKETING LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The tasks involved in planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to point of consumption to meet customer requirements at a profit. Supplier Company Reseller Customer Inbound Logistics Outbound Logistics Reverse Logistics

28. MAJOR LOGISTICS FUNCTIONS Warehousing Inventory Management Transportation (Inter modal transportation)

33. WAQAR HUSSAIN

38. CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL V/S VERTICAL MARKETING SYSTEM, HORIZONTAL MARKETING SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL A channel consisting of one or more independent producers, wholesalers, and retailers, each a separate business seeking to maximize its own profits. VERTICAL MARKETING SYSTEM A distribution channel structure in which producers, wholesalers, and retailers act as unified system. One channel member owns the others, has contract with them, or has so much power that they are cooperate.

39. TYPES OF VMS Vertical marketing system that combines successive stages of production and distribution under a single ownership – channel leadership is established through common ownership. CORPORATE VMS CONTRACTUAL VMS A vertical marketing system in which independent firms of different level of production and distribution joint together through contracts to obtain more economies or sales impact then they could achieve along such as Franchise. ADMINISTERED VMS A vertical marketing system that coordinates successive stages of production and distribution not through common ownership of contractual ties but through the size and power of one of the parties. Manufacturers of top brands can obtain strong trade cooperation and support from resellers.

40. Producer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer Consumer Wholesaler Retailer Producer Conventional Marketing Channel Vertical Marketing Channel

41. HORIZONTAL MARKETING SYSTEM A channel arrangement in which two or more companies at one level joint together to follow a new market opportunity. By working together companies can combine their financial, production or marketing resources to accomplish more than any one company could alone. e.g; Askari and Daewoo PSO & Pizza Hutt

42. CHANNEL LEVEL A layer of intermediaries that perform some work in bringing the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer. DIRECT MARKETING CHANNEL A marketing channel that has no intermediary level. IN-DIRECT MARKETING CHANNEL A channel involving one or more intermediary level.

43. DIRECT MARKETING

44. STORE ONE DISTRIBUTOR

45. CHANNEL MEMBERS Producer Consumer Consumer Retailer Producer Producer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer ZERO-LEVEL ONE-LEVEL SECOND-LEVEL Direct Marketing In-Direct Marketing In-Direct Marketing