2. What a project is
Project Attributes
What Project Management is
Frame work
Project Time Management
Time management Processes
Contents
18-Sep-132Project Management
3. A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to
create a unique product, service, or result”.
Projects end when their objectives have been
reached or the project has been terminated.
Projects can be large or small and take a short or
long time to complete.
What a project is
18-Sep-133Project Management
4. A project
Has a unique purpose
Is temporary
Is developed using progressive elaboration
Requires resources, often from various areas
Should have a primary customer or sponsor
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and
funding for the project
Involves uncertainty
18-Sep-134
Project Attributes
Project Management
5. Project management is “the application of
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project
activities to meet project requirements”.
Project managers strive to meet the triple
constraint by balancing project scope, time, and
cost goals.
18-Sep-135
Project Management
Project Management
7. Stakeholders are the people involved in or
affected by project activities.
Project management tools and techniques
assist project managers and their teams in various
aspects of project management.
Knowledge areas describe the key competencies
that project managers must develop.
18-Sep-137
Contd..
Project Management
9. Time is the biggest challenge
It has least amount of flexibility
Schedule issues
Individual work styles
18-Sep-1317
Importance
Project Management
10. Activity definition
Activity sequencing
Activity resource estimating
Activity duration estimating
Schedule development
Schedule control
18-Sep-1318
Project Time Management
Processes
Project Management
11. Activity definition involves developing a
more detailed WBS and supporting
explanations to understand.
Represents Activity list.
Milestones are useful tools for setting
schedule goals and monitoring progress.
18-Sep-1319
Activity Definition
Project Management
12. Involves reviewing activities and determining
dependencies.
You must determine dependencies in order to
use critical path analysis.
Network diagrams are used to represent
activity sequence.
18-Sep-1320
Activity sequencing
Project Management
13. Mandatory dependencies
− Inherent in the nature of the work being
performed on a project
− sometimes referred to as hard logic
Discretionary dependencies
− defined by the project team
− Some times referred as soft logic
External dependencies
− Bases on project and no project activities
18-Sep-1321
Three Types of Dependencies
Project Management
14. Quantity and type of resources
Know about
− How difficult will it be to do specific activities on
this project?
− What is the organization’s history in doing similar
activities?
− Are the required resources available?
Use Resource breakdown structure
18-Sep-1322
Activity Resource Estimation
Project Management
15. Duration includes the actual amount of time
worked on an activity plus elapsed time.
People doing the work should help create
estimates, and an expert should review them.
It is often helpful to create a three point
estimate.
18-Sep-1323
Activity duration estimating
Project Management
16. Use results of other time management
process.
Important tools and techniques include
Gantt charts, critical path analysis.
Ultimate goal is a realistic project.
18-Sep-1324
Schedule Development
Project Management
17. Perform reality checks on schedules
Don’t plan for everyone to work at 100%
capacity all the time
Hold progress meetings with stakeholders
and be clear and honest in communicating
schedule issues
18-Sep-1325
Schedule control
Project Management
IT Projects have a terrible track recordA 1995 Standish Group study (CHAOS) found that only 16.2% of IT projects were successful in meeting scope, time, and cost goalsOver 31% of IT projects were canceled before completion, costing over $81 billion in the U.S. aloneSo for this purposes we need effective project management. Advantages of project management
Examples of IT projects areA help desk to replace computers in a dept..A soft team adds a new feature to softwareCollege campus upgrades its technology
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor!
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor!
9 knowledge areas Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must developproject integration management) affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areasProject management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project managementSome specific ones include:Project charter, scope statement, and WBS (scope)Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis, and critical chain scheduling (time)Cost estimates and earned value management (cost)
Stakeholders include:The project sponsorThe project managerThe project teamSupport staffCustomersUsersSuppliersOpponents to the project
Activity list The activity nameAn activity identifier or numberA brief description of the activityAttributes predecessors successorsLogical relationshipsLeads and lags ResourcesConstraintsImposed dates assumptions
Before estimating activity durations, you must have a good idea of the quantity and type of resources that will be assigned to each activityConsider important issues in estimating resourcesHow difficult will it be to do specific activities on this project?What is the organization’s history in doing similar activities?Are the required resources available?A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project’s resources by category and type
Effort is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a taskAn estimate that includes an optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimate, such as three weeks for the optimistic, four weeks for the most likely, and five weeks for the pessimistic estimate
Uses results of the other time management processes to determine the start and end date of the projectUltimate goal is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the projectImportant tools and techniques include Gantt charts, critical path analysis, critical chain scheduling, and PERT analysis
