Analyzing a system and specifying the requirements 1.Structured approach 2.Object oriented approach

2. frequent communication with users .
Requirements analysis is a team effort.
demands a combination of hardware software
and human factors engineering expertise as well
as skills in dealing with people.

3. There are two types:-
•Structured approach
•Object oriented approach

4.  STRUCTURED APPROACH :-
• Requirements
• Design
• Implementation
• Verification
• Maintenance

5. DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
Verification
Maintenance

6.  Requirements :-
bridging the gap between system requirements
engineering and software design.
Provides software designer with a model of : -
• System information
• Function
• Behavior
Model can be translated to data, architectural, and
component-level designs.
Expect to do a little bit of design during analysis and a
little bit of analysis during design.

7.  Requirements :-
Types of Requirements - 1
Functional requirements:
input/output
processing.
error handling.
Non-functional requirements:
Physical environment (equipment locations,
multiple sites, etc.).
Interfaces (data medium etc.).
User & human factors (who are the users, their
skill level etc.).

8.  Requirements :-
Types of Requirements - 2
Non-functional requirements (continued):
Performance (how well is system functioning).
Documentation.
Data (qualitative stuff).
Resources (finding, physical space).
Security (backup, firewall).
Quality assurance (max. down time, MTBF, etc.).

9.  Design:-
 Plan
 Architectural design
 Logical design
 Physical design

10.  Implementation :-
Implementation is the realization of an
application, or execution of :-
 plan
 model
Design
 specification
standard
algorithm

11.  Verification :-
System Verifications a set of actions used to check
the correctness of any element
Dynamic verification
Static verification
There are two fundamental approaches to
verification: -

12.  Maintenance :-
Service provider expertise
Emergency response times
Update new features

13.  OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH :-
principles of object oriented (OO) approach is that
of abstraction, not of data structures and processes
separately but both together.
 An object is a set of data structures and the methods
or operations needed to access those structures.

14. The key ideas of the object oriented
Approach are :-
Objects
Encapsulation
Class
Inheritance
Instances and Instantiation
Methods and Messages

15.  Objects :-
 In the class-based object-oriented "object"
refers to a particular instance of a class .
where the object can be a combination of
variables, functions, and data structures.
 In relational database management, an object
can be a table or column, or an association
between data and a database entity.
The main purpose of object is reuse the code.

16.  Encapsulation :-
 Encapsulation is manipulate the data, and
that keeps both safe from outside interference
and misuse.
 Data encapsulation led to the important
OOP concept of data hiding.

17.  Encapsulation (continue) :-
Example :-
class Account
{
private double accountBalance;
public withdraw();
public deposit();
public determineBalance();
} //class Account
Account
balance
Message
Message
Message

18.  Class :-
A class is a blueprint of prototype.
Class is the implementation of an abstract data type
and so encapsulate both data and operation.
Object is run time instance of class.
Classes just sit there ,Objects do the real work.
Memory is allocated for Objects not for classes.

19.  programming, computer programs are designed
by making them out of objects that interact with
one another.
 here is significant diversity in object-oriented
programming.
 most popular languages are class-based,
meaning that objects are instances of classes which
typically also determines their type.
 Inheritance :-

20.  Instances and Instantiation :-
In programming, instantiation is the creation of
a real instance or particular realization of an
abstraction or template such as a class of
objects or a computer process.

21. Instance (computer science) :-
In object-oriented programming (OOP),
an instance is a concrete occurrence of any object,
existing usually during the runtime of a computer
program.
Formally, "instance" is synonymous with "object" as
they are each a particular value (realization), and
these may be called an instance object; "instance"
emphasizes the distinct identity of the object.
The creation of an instance is called instantiation.

22.  Methods and Messages :-
 One of the most important capabilities that a
method provides is method overriding.
 Method in java programming sets the behavior of
class object.
For example:- area .

23.  Methods and Messages (continue):-
 Methods also provide the interface that other
classes use to access and modify the data
properties of an object.(encapsulation)
Encapsulation and overriding are the two
primary distinguishing features between
methods and procedure calls.

24.  Methods and Messages (continue):-
Class
1.Fields
2.Constructors
3.methods
class Account {
int accountNumber;
int accountBalance;
Public Account(double account) {
accountBalance=Amount;
}
Public int getAccountNumber() {
return accountNumber; //message
}
Public void deposit (double account) {
accountBalance=Amount;
}
Public int getBalancer() {
return accountBalance; //message
}
}

25. Thank You…