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- 1. The Renaissance Presented by : Group 1
- 2. The Italian Renaissance âș Renaissance ï rebirth âș Italian Renaissance ï rebirth of ancient Greek & Roman worlds âș Characteristics ï§ Secular Urban society (City-states) ï§ Age of Recovery ï§ New view of human ability & worth
- 3. Origins of the Renaissance âș European trade with Asia increased during the 1300s. âș 2. Italian merchants organized much of this trade. âș 3. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy. âș 4. They competed to create works that would increase the prestige of their cities. Genoa Venice Milan
- 4. Origins of the Renaissance âș 5. (cont) Florence became a center for banking, art, culture, and literature. âș 6. Cosimo deâ Medici wanted to make Florence the most beautiful city. âș 7. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread throughout Europe.
- 5. Important City-States of the Renaissance âș Florence âș Rome Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Venice âș Venice Genoa Towers, Façade and bell tower, Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence âș Genoa âș Milan Comune gi Milano, Milan
- 6. Italian City States â Not yet the nation of ITALY Each Italian city-state had its own wealthy ruler. Italian Trade Routes â Notice the impact on Italy
- 7. Florence âș Center of art, literature, and culture. âș Florence became wealthy from the manufacturing of wool. âș Later Florence became the banking center of Italy. âș The Medici family were the greatest bankers in Florence.
- 8. Florence âș The Renaissance started in Florence and spread throughout Europe. âș Competition between the Italian city-states led to advances in literature, architecture, art, music, science, and education.
- 9. Medici Family âș Ruled Florence, 13th ï 17th Centuries âș Aimed to make Florence the most beautiful city in the world â Became Patrons of the Arts. Commissioned artist (incl. da Vinci, Raphael & Michelangelo) âș Lorenzo (The Magnificent) â created peace among Italian states, ended w/his death, 2 years later FR invades
- 10. Rome âș Home of the Catholic Church âș Popes commissioned famous artists and architects to beautify Rome. Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli all produced major works in Rome.
- 11. Rome popes employed the best artists and architects of the Renaissance to build and decorate the most opulent churches in in the world. âș Michelangelo designed the finest example of Renaissance architecture in Rome, the Piazza del âș The Campidoglio (bottom left). He also designed the dome of St. Peterâs Basilica (bottom right).
- 12. Venice âș Venice was the wealthiest citystate of the Renaissance. âș It was a port city on the Mediterranean. âș Venice maintained hundreds of merchant ships and warships, and thousands of sailors.
- 13. Genoa âș Genoa is located on the Mediterranean. âș Genoa was one of two main port cities in Italy during the Renaissance. âș Genoa was one of the wealthiest city-states of the Renaissance. âș Dominated trade in the Mediterranean Genoa Harbor
- 14. âș Milan dominated the inland trade routes because it was the gateway to Italy from the north. âș Milan is the site of Santa Maria delle Grazie, the cathedral where Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper in the dining hall. Milan
- 15. Niccolo Machiavelli âș IT philosopher, diplomat, poet, musician, playwright.. âș Best known for The Prince â realist politics ï§ Rulers should behave like a lion (aggressive and powerful) and at other times like a fox (cunning and practical) ï§ âThe Ends Justify the Meansâ ï§ âIt was better to be feared than to be lovedâ ï§ All this done to keep peace and stabilize power âș 1st to publicly suggest immoral behavior for govt stability
- 16. Renaissance Society âș Strict Class society ï§ Nobility â most powerful, but smallest group âșStrict rules and expectations âșBorn not made or earned ï§ Townspeople âșWide range of wealth, from rich to poor âșProvide goods & services ï§ Peasants â weakest, but largest group âșMore freedoms as serfdom decreased âșMainly lived in rural areas, so were least impacted by Renaissance
- 17. The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance
- 18. Italian Renaissance Humanism âș Stressed that man was the center of the universe and had dignity and value âș Humanism â intellectual movement based on the classics ï§ Study â grammar, rhetoric (debate), poetry, philosophy & history (the Humanities) âș Ren Educations â based on humanism ï§ Goal â create complete citizens âș Vernacular Literature â written in common lang ï§ Dante, Chaucer, Pizan
- 19. Petrarch: âFather of Humanismâ âș Petrarch was a scholar and poet who was responsible for the recovery of manuscripts and works of Greek and Roman writers. âș He traveled throughout Europe recovering manuscripts of Cicero and other Roman authors that had been lost in monastery libraries. âș Petrarch, like other writers of the time, wrote in Latin. Francesco Petrarch
- 20. Dante Alighieri âș âFather of the Italian Languageâ âș Wrote The Divine Comedy. âș The Divine Comedy is considered one of the greatest works of Italian and world literature. âș Dante was first to write in the vernacular, the language used in everyday life. Until his time, all European literature was written in Latin. Dante Alighieri
- 22. The Artistic Renaissance in Italy âș Rome became the center of Renaissance art in the 1500s. ï§ Pope Alexander VI: most notorious of the Renaissances popes; spent huge sums on art patronage. âș 3 Masters of the High Renaissance ï§ Leonardo da Vinci ï§ Michelangelo ï§ Raphael âș Sculpture & Architecture are include in Renaissance Art, both drew from Greek & Roman influenences
- 23. New Artistic Techniques âș Fresco â watercolor on fresh plaster âș Law of Perspective âș Study of human anatomy âș GOAL â imitate nature From Michelangeloâs Sketch Book
- 25. Leonardo da Vinci âș Master of realism & perspective âș Studied human anatomy (cadavers) to be as accurate as possible âș Sculptor, painter, as tronomer, inventor â a true âRenaissance Manâ
- 26. Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper A page from one of da Vinciâs notebooks, he âcodedâ his work by writing backwards. He could read it, but most other people would need a mirror to read it.
- 27. Raphael Santi âș1 of the top Renaissance painters âș Especially known for his âMadonna'sâ â paintings of Mary the mother of Jesus âș A major artist in the Vatican Madonna of the Meadows Madonna del Granduca
- 28. Raphael Santi School of Athens fresco in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. Thought to be Raphaelâs masterpiece .
- 29. Raphael Santi The bracketed names are the contemporary characters from whom Raphael is thought to have drawn his likenesses. 6: Pythagoras? 7: Alexander the Great? 12: Socrates? 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato holding the Timaeus (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle holding the Ethics? 16: Diogenes of Sinope? 17: 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael)
- 30. Michelangelo Buonarroti âș Painter, sculptor and architect âș Most famous for work in Vatican City Vatican City St. Peterâs Bascillica (large domed building) â designed by Michelangelo (St. Peterâs Square â designed by Bernini)
- 31. Michelangelo Well known for his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. The ceiling illustrates the stories of the Book of Genesis The Creation of Adam The Last Judgement On the Alter Wall of the Sistine Chapel.
- 32. Michelangelo, the sculptor The Pieta â marble statue of a crucified Jesus being held by his mother Mary. In St. Peterâs Basilica.
- 33. Michelangelo, the sculptor David â carved from one piece of marble from 1501 to 1504. Said to be proportionally perfect, though David is 17 feet tall
- 34. Architecture Architectural design returns to the classical styles of Rome and Greece. âș Public buildings, homes and villas are designed using Greek and Roman architectural styles. âș Renaissance buildings feature columns, domes, and vaulted ceilings. âș Brunelleschi designs the first domed building. âș Perspective becomes important in architecture. âș
- 35. Brunelleschi The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, also called the Duomo.
- 36. Donato Bramante St. Peterâs Basilica in Vatican City. Started in 1506; Completed in 1626.
- 37. The Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg was a German goldsmith and printer. âș Gutenberg was the first to develop movable type. This allowed for mass production of books. âș Gutenbergâs invention revolutionized book-making in Europe. âș Gutenberg was the key figure in spreading the Renaissance. âș His invention of movable type is still considered the most important invention in history. âș
- 38. IMPACT âș Much easier to publish books âș Increased literacy âș 1450-1500, 20 million books printed covering 35,000 topics âș Vernacular Literature â written in common language ï§ Dante, Chaucer, Shak espeare
- 39. Writers of the Renaissance âș With the printing press. books become more affordable and more people (mostly wealthy) learn to read âș Dante, Petrarch and Machiavelli were all important writers of the time âș But there were moreâŠ
- 40. New Words Abound⊠Alligator Critical Equivocal Eyeball Eyesore Gloomy Laughingstock Lonely Luggage Manager Puke Torture Worthless Zany But where did they come from?
- 41. William Shakespeare âș Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer and dramatist of all time. âș Shakespeare wrote Romeo and âAll the worldâs a stage, and all the men and women merely players there, they have their exits and their entrances, and one man in his time plays many partsâŠ.â William Shakespeare Juliet, Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, A Midsummerâs Night Dream, Henry IV, Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, Hamlet and more. âș Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two narrative poems, and other poems.
- 42. Shakespeare âș William ï§ ï§ ï§ ï§ ï§ Shakespeare (1564-1616)â Elizabethan era Greatest of English Renaissance authors His work reflected the Renaissance ideas of classical Greek and Roman culture, individualism and humanism Wrote comedies, tragedies, histories and sonnets Known for the âtimelessnessâ of his work Close to 300 movies and TV adaptations have been made of Shakespeareâs work (e.g. Ten Things I Hate About You, a rendition of The Taming of the Shrew)
- 43. Contributions of the Renaissance âș Invention of the Gutenberg Press âș The banking industry âș Exploration, colonization of world âș Expansion of trade âș Humanism, individual is the center of the universe âș Reintroduction of Greek and Roman knowledge and philosophy âș Gateway to modern art forms âș Expansion of Greek and Roman architecture and sculpture âș Increased scientific knowledge, and desire to know more
- 44. Quiz! 1 - 4. Give the 4 important cities that helped widen the idea of the Renaissance âș 5. What is the meaning of renaissance âș 6. It is the home of the Catholic Church âș 7. The wealthiest city-state of the renaissance âș 8. They are the weakest but largest group âș 9. He is the Father of Humanism âș 10. He is the father of the Italian language âș 11 â 12. Give 2 famous artworks by Leonardo da Vinci âș 13 â 14. 2 famous artworks by Michelangelo âș 15. Give one more famous renaissance painter âș