1. New strategies for the sustainable city of the 21st century

2. Decline of Manufacturing in U.S.
 Manufacturing employment: 1950 = 34%; 2004 = 13%
Source: U.S. Bureau of
Labor & Statics

3. Great Recession of 2008
 Exacerbated manufacturing decline
 Closing of facilities
 Lay-offs of workers
Manufacturing base relocating
 Inexpensive labor
 Reduced costs

4. Transformation of U.S. from manufacturing to innovation economy
 Affects urban form of cities
 Population decline
 Income reduction
 Tax receipt reduction
 Vacant buildings

5. Reinventing U.S. Post-Industrial Cities
 Centers for creativity and innovation
 Reclaim post-industrial districts
 Create mixed-uses
 Invest in infrastructure
 Transportation
 Communications technology
 Develop business incubators
 Attract Creative Class
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statics, 2008
 Adopt smart Growth practices
 Embrace sustainable design to
promote compact, livable cities

6. Post-Industrial
 Coined by Daniel Bell in 1973
 Economic transition from manufacturing- to service-based
Smart Growth
 Don Carter, Director of Remaking Cities Institute
 Shrinking cities have best attributes
 Walkable neighborhoods
 Affordable housing
 Historic downtowns and main streets
 Strong universities, hospitals, cultural amenities
 Unused infrastructure capacity
 Public transit
 Abundant potable water

7. Urban Metabolism
 Richard Florida
 Cities grow in GDP
 Innovation
 Patent activity
Maximizing Urban Metabolism
 Urban shrinkage
 Geographical consolidation
 Revitalization of post-industrial districts

8. Transportation & Communications Networks
 Consolidate Regions
 Physically
 Virtually
U.S. Highway System of 1950s-1960s
 Accommodate increase of personal vehicles
 Destroyed urban fabric
 Transported jobs & people away from city

9. Transit Corridors
 John Norquist, CEO Congress for New New Urbanism
 Not feasible to exclude traffic from cities
 Accommodate all modes of transportation
 Pedestrians
 Bicycles
 Mass Transit
 Vehicles

10. Eurallile, Lille, France, 1989-Present
 800,000 m2 (8.6 million ft2) new urban activities
 120 hectares (297 acres)
 Shopping, offices, parking, new TGV station, hotels, housing,
concert/congress hall

11. Euralille New TGV Line
 Links Lille, Brussels, Paris
 Rem Koolhaas, Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA)
 Conventional urban “programs” have become abstract
 No longer connected to place or city
 “Float and gravitate opportunistically”
 Offer highest number & quality of connections

12. Euralille – Post-Industrial Paradigm
 Model for U.S. cities
 Values & experiences of modern architecture & living
 Universally shared
 Irreversible
 Transportation & global communication
 Make every place, everyone accessible physically, virtually

13. U.S. High Speed Rail (HSR)
 Existing & new rail corridors
 Tri-State HSR
 St. Louis/Chicago/Milwaukee-Madison/Minneapolis-St. Paul

14. Annual Benefits to Chicago Metro Area of HSR
 $13.8 billion increase in business sales
 Add 104,000 new jobs
 Additional $5.5 billion in wages

15. Economic Benefits of HSR to U.S. Midwest
 Revitalize manufacturing
 New train production
 Create new economic growth sectors
 Agri-business
 Sustainable technology
 Bio-medicine
 Manufacturing
 Education

16. Increasing “Creative Capital”
 Mixed-use transportation nodes & epicenters
 Flexible programs
 Sustainable planning & infrastructure development
 Attract people, services, new technologies, clean industries

17. Mid-size U.S. Cities in Midwest
 Successful transformations of industrial districts
 Compact
 Existing infrastructures
 City services
 Buildings
 Skilled & educated people

18. Milwaukee, WI
 Located on SW shore of Lake Michigan
 90 miles (145km) north of Chicago
 City of Milwaukee population = 594,833
 Greater Milwaukee population = 1,751,316

19. Milwaukee’s Third Ward
 Craftsmen, artists, artisans can fit with small-scale manufacturing (Norquist)
 Galleries, condos, ships, restaurants, wholesale produce, machine shops
 2,000 new residents since 1983

20. Milwaukee’s Third Ward
 Milwaukee Intermodal Station (2007)
 Amtrak, Greyhound bus lines, Jefferson Lines intercity bus
 Midwest High- Speed Rail (MWHSR)
 $800 million federal funds allocated in 2010
 Upper Midwest mega-region
 Chicago, Milwaukee-Madison, WI, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN

21. Minneapolis, MN
 Located on both banks of Mississippi River
 Minneapolis/St. Paul 16th largest U.S. metropolitan area
 3.5 million residents
 Economy commerce, finance, publishing, milling, food processing, high
technology
 Headquarters of six Fortune 500 corporations

22. Minneapolis Warehouse District
 Originally shipping hub
 Epicenter of art scene during 1980s
 Recent developments: loft condominiums/apartments, adaptive re-use
of Gold Medal Flour Mill for museum, Guthrie Theater, Target Field

23. High-Speed Rail & Smart Growth
 Revitalize post-industrial cities
 Bring new sources of economic development
 Transportation nodes & communications technologies
 Allow regions to prosper
 Attract capital investment
 Foster new industries & technologies
 Create wealth & jobs
 Reinvigorate metabolic flow of regions