1. Project Planning and Evaluation
Lecturer : Manfred Metz
Report on group exercise
Preparation of project proposal:
Improving River Water Quality in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Project team members
 Volkan Emre 0534436 Turkey
 Maria Burova.. . 0534432 Russia
 Dilshod Yusupov 0534450 Uzbekistan
Berlin, August 2011
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
1.Introduction 01
2.Problem Analysis 01
2.1 Lack of infrastructure to maintain the purity of water 02
2.2 Wastewater dumping directly into the river 02
2.3 Solid waste dumping into the river 03
3.Objective Analysis 05
3.1 Increased infrastructure for maintaining water purity 05
3.2 Reduced Wastewater dumping directly into the river 05
3.3 Reduced solid waste dumping into river 05
4.Strategy Selection 07
4.1 Strategy 1: Policy against corruption 07
4.2 Strategy 2: Education & Information Policy 07
4.3 Strategy 3: National policy 08
4.4.Fiscal& Commercial policies 08
4.5 Selection of the strategy 08
5.Stakeholder Analysis 08
5.1 Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados 08
5.2 National Autonomous University of Honduras 08
5.3 Inter-American Development Bank 08
5.4 Agua Para el Pueblo and Red de Agua y Saneamiento de Honduras 09
5.5 Local TV station “Channel 6” 09
5.6 Government of Honduras and local municipalities 09
5.7 Ministry of Health (Secretaria De Salud Honduras) 09
6. Log frame Matrix 13
6.1 Overall objective 13
6.2 Specific objective 13
6.3 Planned outputs / results 14
6.4 Key activities 14
6.4.1 Public awareness campaign 14
6.4.2 Assist municipalities with creation of education departments 15
6.5 Assumptions / Risks 15
7. Work Plan 18
7.1 Preliminary phase 18
7.2 Implementation phase 18
7.2.1 Public awareness campaign 18
7.2.2. Assisting municipalities with creation of education departments 19
8.Organizational Chart 25
8.1 Steering committee 25
8.2 Project manager 25
8.3 Finance department 25
8.3.1 Accounting and funds management 25
8.4Administrative department 26
8.5 Technical implementation department 26
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3. 9. Pre appraisal of Relevance , Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impacts and Sustainability 29
9.1 Relevance 29
9.2 Effectiveness 29
9.3 Efficiency 29
9.4 Impacts 30
9.5 Sustainability Indicators 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Problem Tree 04
Table 3.1 Objective Analysis 06
Table 4.1 Strategy Selection 07
Table 4.2 Decision Criteria and Strategy Selection 08
Table 5.1 Stakeholder Analysis 11
Table 6.1 Logframe Matrix 16
Table 7.1 Work Plan 20
Table 8.1 Organizational Chart 28
Table 9.2 Efficiency 29
Table 9.4 Impacts 30
Table 9.5 Sustainability 31
Map 2.1 Honduras 01
ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS
APP Agua Para el Pueblo
RAS-HON Red de Agua Saneamiento de Honduras
IDB Inter American Development Bank
NAUH National Autonomous University of Honduras
SANAA Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados
CH6 Channel 6
PMU Project Management Unit
MIDE MIDE Consulting Group
MDG Millennium Development Goal
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4. 1.INTRODUCTION
Honduras is one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. According to the
United Nations reports, barely half of the population had access to disinfected water,
80% of the illnesses detected in Honduras originate from the water they consumed,
and 26% of the people lived without access to sanitation.
Water borne diseases stemming from inadequate water quality of deteriorating rivers
rank among the most urgent challenges in Honduras. This particular problem of the
small pacific country is also related to the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) that
deal with reducing child mortality rates , improving maternal health , combatting with
diseases and ensuring environmental sustainability (MDG’s with number 4,5,6 and 7).
The capital city of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, is the largest city in the country. With its
roughly 1.5 million population it is the most crowded city as welI. The city is surrounded
by low income neighborhoods located next to the Choluteca River that flows through its
area. Due to low service quality problems water supply ,sanitation and pollution in the
Choluteca river, serious amount of the households who live around the river and face
with the threats of the water borne diseases every day. Deterioration in the river
ecosystem is posing another threat to the families that are dependent on the fishing
activities because of the decline in the fish stock in the river.
As MIDE Consulting Group, we aim to increase the quality of the Choluteca River in
Tegucigalpa, Honduras and consequently to reduce mortality rates by decreasing
number of water borne diseases. In order to meet sufficient water quality criteria in the
selected river within project area, several attempts to include community members to
be more sensitive about the threats of solid waste and wastewater dumping are
required besides stringent pollution control of the governmental institutions.
This project proposal includes details of the main approach of MIDE Consulting Group
to increase the level of education and awareness about the threats of solid waste
dumping and its direct effects on water borne diseases in Tegucigalpa, Honduras with
the cooperation of the local and international stakeholders. The Duration of the project
is estimated to be 12 months. For this purpose problem analysis, objective tree, strategy
selection, stakeholder analysis, log frame analysis, work plan and organizational chart,
appraisal of relevance, effectiveness , efficiency, impacts and sustainability analysis have
been developed and explained in the following sections of this project proposal.
Project Area: Choluteca River in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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5. 2.PROBLEM ANALYSIS
There is a strong tie between the river quality deterioration and water borne diseases in
the selected region. High incidence of the water borne diseases means having higher
mortality rates which is a very important problem.
The second important problem stems from the deterioration in the quality of Choluteca
River and therefore the deterioration of the river ecosystem. This problem is an direct
reason of the decline in the fish stock ,meaning a decrease in the income of fishermen in
the region.
MIDE Consulting Group’s Project in Honduras aims to solve the problem of the water
deterioration in the Choluteca River in Tegucigalpa and therefore we identify this
problem as the core problem. From this point on, our main focus will be to improve river
water quality . Choluteca river will be on the particular focus of the project proposal.
MIDE Group defines the reasons of deterioration in the river water quality respectively
under the following three major causes such as solid waste and wastewater dumped into
river and lack of infrastructure to maintain water purity.
2 .1 Lack of infrastructure to maintain the purity of water
It is a common problem for those cases in that there are businesses and households
without access to the sewage network due to the low rate of investment and lack of
political interest. The double arrow on Table 2.1 between “political interest” and
“infrastructure” shows a dependence on local administration influence. There have been
serious attempts to increase the sewage network in the Honduras , especially in
Tegucigalpa in the last years , however current infrastructure is still not sufficient to
maintain water purity.
2.1.1 Low investments in infrastructure are basically the core problems underneath the
lack of infrastructure to maintain water purity in the rural areas of Tegucigalpa.
2.1.2 Limited number of households and businesses are connected to sewage network is a
direct result of having lack of investments in infrastructure. This problem is
obviously visible in the rural areas of Tegucigalpa.
2.2 Wastewater dumping directly into the river
This problem comes from the low interest in politics to the environmental problems,
which consequently lead to the wrong values of law. Inadequate legal regulations – that
is how we called the cause of wastewater dumping.
2.2.1 Low political interest effect both administration as well as the environmental law.
The second linkage comes to the reason why households living around the river
line are allowed to dump wastewater and pollute the river water. It simply
means that there is not sufficient legislations against polluters and, thus, no real
dissuasive force to them to become environmentally friendly. At this point it must
be mentioned that this problem is interacting with the problem that is stated as
‘low investments in infrastructure’. This link can be observed on the problem
analysis table.
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6. 2.2.2 Inadequate legal regulation is a direct result of having low political interest to
deal with direct wastewater dumping to the river. In the case of Honduras, there
have been serious attempts in raising the political interest and therefore
introduce new legal regulations. However this attempts are still not sufficient.
2.3 Solid waste dumping into the river
This problem could be defined as a final placement of refuse that is not salvaged
or recycled. The first cause level starts with such problem as Lack of education and
information. It comes further to either Corruption or Lack of Public Awareness. The last
problem is a direct line towards the lack of knowledge that makes society feel itself
unreceptive to the environment. However, the corruption, known as the abuse of public
power, leads to Insufficient control on polluters.
2.3.1 Lack of education and information comes to the point that households together
with businesses are not familiar with the consequences of solid waste dumping
directly to the river. They refuse to change their behaviour because of lack
technical & practical information of the long term threats and negative
externalities of their activities. This problem has been observed in many cases
around the river line of the Choluteca River in the rural areas of Tegucigalpa
especially among the poor households.
2.3.2 Lack of public awareness is a direct result of lack of education and information
that is identified and discussed above. Insufficient educational background of
how to use water in a proper way of water consumers. The effective way of
water usage in daily life activities of households and businesses is needed to be
maintained by not only infrastructure of water canalization, but also by teaching
how not to pollute before this sanitation problem turns to a disaster.
2.3.3 Corruption is an important local figure that directly effects the seriousness and
deterrence of the control on polluters that are dumping solid waste directly to
the river. It has also an interaction with lack of education and hence education
level. The higher education level is the smaller is the size of the corruption on the
controlling activities.
2.3.4 Insufficient control on polluters is a direct result of corruption which is identified
and discussed in detail above.
Problem Tree that is developed with regard to the particular problems in Tegucigalpa is
as follows:
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7. Table 2.1 Problem tree
Decline in fish stock High rates of human
Decline in mortality
income of
fishermen
Deteriorating River Water Borne EFFECTS
Ecosystem Diseases & Illnesses
Deterioration of
Water Quality in PROBLEM
the River
Solid waste dumping Lack of infrastructure
into river for maintaining water
purity
Wastewater dumping
directly into the river
CAUSES
Insufficient control Lack of Public Inadequate legal Limited number of
households and businesses
on polluters Awareness Regulations
are connected to sewage
network
Corruption Lack of Education Low political interest Low Investment in
& Information on pollution Infrastructure
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8. 3.OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
Objective analysis has the problem tree as a basis and tries to solve every identified
problem step by step. Since we already identified the deterioration of water quality in
the river as the core problem behind the decline in fish stock in the river and water
borne diseases among people who are living in the river line, our main objectives will be
determined by taking these facts into account.
Our main objective as Improving quality of water in the river in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
and therefore decrease the incidence of water borne diseases and reduce the mortality
rates. On the other hand achievement of the core objective will lead us to an
improvement in the river ecosystem and have an increase in the fish stock and hence an
increase in the income of fishermen
Three sub-objectives must be achieved to improve the river quality. Those are
respectively showed on the objective analysis respectively as reducing solid waste
dumping into river, reducing wastewater dumping directly into the river and increasing
infrastructure for maintaining water purity.
3.1 Increased infrastructure for maintaining water purity
Increase in infrastructure for maintaining water purity is accomplished by two main
achievements. Those achievements are respectively explained below:
3.1.1 Higher investment in infrastructure . Governmental and private investments in the
wastewater treatment infrastructure are increases. Rise in the political interest and
revision of the business plans of the businesses had direct effects in the achievement.
3.1.2 Increased number of households and businesses connected to sewage network is a
direct result of the achievement that is higher investment in infrastructure.
3.2 Reduced wastewater dumping directly into the river
A decline in the volume of wastewater directly dumped into the river could be achieved
by two efforts. Those efforts are respectively explained below:
3.2.1 Increased political interest in pollution
3.2.2 Establishment of new legal regulations is the direct result of the increased political
interest in pollution.
3.3 Reduced solid waste dumping into river
A decline in the volume of wastewater directly dumped into the river could be achieved
by two efforts. Those efforts are respectively explained below:
3.3.1. Educational & informational programs are established , MIDE Consulting Group has
implemented two different programs. First one is a public awareness campaign among
the households. Second program is assisting municipalities in establishing new
education departments that are directly involved in giving education to the society
about the environmental and health issues that are also related with the threats of solid
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9. waste dumping. Details of these programs will be explained in the upcoming parts of the
project proposal.
3.3.2. Public awareness is increased the direct result of the successful establishment of
the educational and informational programs.
Problem Analysis that is developed with regard to the Problem tree in the second part
of the project proposal is as follows:
Table 3.1 Objective Analysis
Income of Fish stock is increased
fishermen Decreased rates of
is human mortality
increased
Improved River Decline in number EFFECTS
Ecosystem of Water Borne
Diseases
Quality of River
Water is Improved PROBLEM
Reduced solid waste Increased infrastructure
dumping into river for maintaining water
purity
Reduced Wastewater
dumping directly into
the river
CAUSES
Sufficient control on Increased Public New legal Regulations Increased number of
households and businesses
polluters Awareness are established connected to sewage network
Decreased Level of Educational & Increased political Higher Investment in
Corruption Informational interest on pollution Infrastructure
Programs are
established
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10. 4. STRATEGY SELECTION
MIDE Group identifies main strategies that are aiming to improve the river quality in
Tegucigalpa in four main groups. Strategy analysis can be explained by using the
strategy selection table below.
Table 4.1 Strategy selection
4.1 Strategy 1 : Policy against corruption
Insufficient control on polluters is one of the core problems that is effecting the volume
of solid waste dumped into river. It is an undeniable fact that corruption of the
controlling authorities plays an important role at that stage. This strategy is focusing on
reducing corruption of the controlling authorities with the cooperation of the
governmental institutions.
4.2 Strategy 2 : Education & Information policy
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11. Lack of education and insufficient social awareness about the threats of solid waste
dumping and its connection with the water borne diseases is a very important issue in
the rural areas of Tegucigalpa. This strategy aims to deal with the mentioned problem in
two sub-strategies. First one is starting a public awareness campaign first among the
selected households and then increase the scope by broadcasting a TV advertisement.
Second sub-strategy is assisting municipalities in establishing education departments
that will aim to educate households and small businesses with specifically trained local
personnel.
4.3 Strategy 3 : National policy
Reducing wastewater dumping by introducing new legal regulations is under the
monopoly of the government. National policy strategy aims to raise the lack of political
interest on pollution. This strategy is mainly depends on the governmental advocacy
activities in the parliament. Commitment and sustainability between the national
election periods are the key issues for the success of the strategy.
4.4 Strategy 4: Fiscal & Commercial policies
Increasing infrastructure to sustain better water purity needs private and governmental
investments. Raising those investments requires set of fiscal & commercial policies ,
which must be included to the business plans of the institutions & corporations.
4.5 Selection of the strategy
In evaluation of the strategy selection in the project proposals MIDE Group uses the
‘Decision Criteria and Strategy Selection’ table that is shown below. MIDE group selects
the strategy number two, based on the criteria , listed on the table 4.2 .
Table 4.2 Decision Criteria and Strategy Selection
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12. Depending on the selected strategy, MIDE Group plans to implement a public awareness
campaign in order to raise the social awareness in reducing solid waste dumping into
the river and to convince & assist municipalities in establishing new education
departments. The length of the project is estimated at 12 months.
5. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
There are seven main stakeholders with vested interests in the MIDE Consulting Group
project that is being implemented in Honduras. These interested parties range from
international donors, national legislative and executive bodies (government and local
municipalities), public institutions (ministry of health, public universities), and
nonprofit organizations. The list of key actors is the following: Servicio Autónomo
Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (SANAA), National Autonomous University of
Honduras (NAUH), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Local NGOs: Agua Para el
Pueblo (APP) and Red de Agua y Saneamiento de Honduras (RAS-HON), TV Station
Channel 6, Government of Honduras (GOV), and Ministry of Health (MOH).
The range and type of stakeholders is extensive and diverse. Each stakeholder has a
particular role set in the project but all stakeholders are involved to achieve the common
goal – to reduce number of water borne diseases & illnesses through water and
sanitation project. The stakeholders will collaborate with each other throughout
different development stages of the project to ensure successful outcome and
completion.
5.1 Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados is public sector
aqueduct and sewage company. It operates 33 of the nearly 4800 piped water systems in
thirty municipal capitals including that of the capital city of Tegucigalpa. It has an
enormous influence on water and sanitation system in Honduras. Through its large
administrative staff and regulatory authority it can encourage and enforce
environmental and health standards proposed by MIDE Consulting Group project.
SANAA has a thorough understanding of local water and sanitary needs and is known to
have a strong established relationship with local NGOs and governmental agencies.
5.2 National Autonomous University of Honduras is public university of Honduras
with many campuses throughout the country. It will provide technical expertise in
implementing educational programs, conducting surveys and support project
implementations with the help from academic staff, student organizations and volunteer
groups. NAUH has a direct access to many target group and locations through its
extensive network of affiliate colleges and universities. With its strong engineering
programs, it will also serve as the labor pool for trained water and sanitation
professionals and engineers.
5.3 Inter-American Development Bank is an international financial institution and the
largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. It will
serve as a main donor (source of money) for implementing the project. It has all
necessary financial, technical capacity and strong international and political influence.
On the other hand, IDB does not have strong ties with local NGOs and has poor
coordination of allocation of funds. On a positive note, IDB includes an audit arm within
its organization that ensures the project is carried out in a way satisfactory way.
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13. 5.4 Agua Para el Pueblo and Red de Agua y Saneamiento de Honduras are local NGOs
that work on developing water treatment projects, focusing particularly on the less-
privileged communities of the rural areas and developing urban zones and supporting
the modernization of the PHC of Honduras, through actions of knowledge management
and advocacy, with the active participation of the public sector, civil society and donor
agencies, at national, regional and local levels. Local NGOs are best positioned to deeply
and more efficiently reach our target groups. They have previous experience working in
the area with local population and possess established coordination capacity. MIDE
Consulting Group will collaborate with APP and RAS-Hon to provide technical and
engineering expertise to these locally well positioned NGOs.
5.5 Local TV station “Channel 6” provides public-access television to the Honduran
people. Channel 6 can be used to reach the largest number of viewers in Honduras by
less financially costly means. It will provide broadcasting of education programs for a
period of eight months to access large target group audience.
5.6 Government of Honduras and local municipalities are responsible for a wide range
of services for their local communities. Few of them are refuse removal, refuse dumps
and solid waste disposal. Through the supervision and support of federal government,
local municipalities will help to enforce health standards embodied in the core of
educational programs of MIDE Consulting Group project and tackle the issues of solid
waste disposal and dump removal in a more efficient and environmentally friendly way.
These government bodies will be involved in the project from the inception and
implementation stages all the way till completion of the project.
5.7 Ministry of Health (Secretaria De Salud Honduras) is a department of Honduran
government that is responsible for government policy for health and social care matters.
Ministry of Health of Honduras will be responsible for encouraging educational
programs proposed by MIDE Consulting Group on a state, district and local level through
state operated hospitals. The central level of the MOH will be responsible for planning
and implementing MIDE educational programs. Since the process includes
deconcentration, the provincial and local levels of MOH will be responsible for
implementing most of the education programs.
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14. Table 5.1 Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
Description Stakeholder Characteristics Interests/ Mandates Strength Opportunities Weaknesses/ Threats
Public Sector Operates 33 of the nearly 4800 Administrative capacity (large staff) and Lack of sufficient financial resources
Aqueduct and piped water systems in thirty physical capacity (office space)
Sewage Company municipal capitals including that
Servicio Autónomo Regulatory authority Lack of Motivated Staff
of the capital city of Tegucigalpa
Nacional de
Government (Approximately half of the urban Awareness of local water and sanitary needs No policy for sector financing
Acueductos y
Institutions Alcantarillados
water supply and sanitation
systems) Coordination capacity Bureaucracy (Red Tape)
(SANAA)
Ability to coordinate with local agencies and Lack of advanced engineering expertise
external NGOs
University National public university of Direct access to target groups and locations Lack of sufficient internal and external
Honduras with many campuses (locations throughout the country) sources of funds
throughout the country.
National
Autonomous Expertise in teaching, conducting Lack of autonomy
Academic Institutions
University of educational programs and surveys
Honduras (NAUH)
Strong volunteer and proactive groups Understaffing
Technical knowledge in the fields of Bureaucracy
engineering, water and sanitation
International IDB is the largest source of Large amount of financial reserves Detrimental environmental policies
Financial Institution development financing for Latin
America and the Caribbean. Technical expertise in the field Small administrative capacity within
the country (Honduras)
International Inter-American
Capacity to organize and lobby Politically motivated
Development Development Bank
Organizations (IDB) Strong relationship with the government Lack of strong ties with local NGOs and
civil society groups
Good coordination and Lack of direct access to target groups
monitoring/evaluation mechanisms and locations
Agua Para el Pueblo Honduran NGO Developing water treatment Technical expertise on issues of potable Limited administrative capacity
Local NGOs projects, focusing particularly on water, disinfection, and treatment coverage
(APP)
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15. the less-privileged communities of Field work on promotion of water treatment Lack of sufficient financial resources
the rural areas and developing systems
urban zones Community involvement in sanitary
education
Ability to coordinate with local agencies and
external NGOs
Honduran Network of To support the modernization of Awareness of local water and sanitary needs Little financial resources
Water and Sanitation the PHC of Honduras, through
actions of knowledge management
Red de Agua y and advocacy, with the active
Saneamiento de participation of the public sector,
Honduras(RAS-HON) civil society and donor agencies, at Organizational knowledge from previous Lack of specific engineering expertise
national, regional and local levels water and sanitation programs
Coordination capacity
Main Television To provide public-access Publicly accessible Lack of autonomy from the government
Station in Honduras television to the Honduran people
Local TV Station Channel 6 (CH6) Capacity to reach large audience Censorship
Self funded and financially independent Bureaucracy
State and district Local government are responsible Understand local community needs Corruption
municipalities for a wide range of services for
their local communities. Few of
them: refuse removal, refuse Supervisory role Lack of skilled staff
Government of dumps and solid waste disposal.
Government (GOV)
Honduras
Creating a more cohesive community Bureaucracy
Weak educational policies Lack of co-ordination with National
Government
Government entity Department of Honduran Strong relationship with national and local Limited technical capacity
government that is responsibile governments
for government policy Organizational Capacity Low level approach to projects
Secretaria De Salud for health and social care matters
Ministry of Health
Honduras Supervisory role Limited international support
Understanding of local community needs Bureaucracy
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16. 6. LOGFRAME MATRIX
‘‘The LogFrame method is an instrument employed by analysts, planners and managers for
problem analysis, objective formulation, planning, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation of selected,objective-oriented interventions that aim at a change of reality from
a situation which is perceived asnegative towards a positive situation’’ (Metz, 2005). MIDE
Group is following a similar line with a 4 by 4 Logframe Matrix in specifiying the overall
and specific objectives, planned outputs/results, key activities, assumptions/risks of the
social awareness campaign regarding the threats of solid waste dumping in Honduras.
Detailed information regarding the elements of the Logframe Matrix are presented
below.
6.1 Overall Objective
Water borne diseases stemming from inadequate water quality of deteriorating rivers
rank among the most urgent challenges in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. This particular
problem of the small pacific country is also touching to the Millenium Development
Goals (MDG) that deal with reducing child mortality rates , improving maternal health ,
combatting with diseases and ensuring environmental sustainability (MDG’s with
number 4,5,6 and 7).
As stated in the problem analysis section, there are several reasons behind the
deterioration of the water quality in Choluteca River in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Deterioration in the river water quality causes water borne diseases. Regarding the
main problem in the region and Millenium Development Goals, MIDE Group objects
‘Reduced umber of water borne diseases and ilnesses around Tegucigalpa’ as the overall
objective of this project proposal.
Main objective’s outputs can be measured with major indicators during and after the
implementation of the project: Improved health indicators indicating water borne
diseases and illnesses among target group, reduced mortality rate and improved human
development indicators.
MIDE Group aims to obtain the results of the mentioned indicators from government
statistics, specific surveys of ministry of health of Honduras in on water borne diseases,
UNDP Human Development Index and WHO Reports.
MIDE group assumes that there will be no epidemic outbreaks and no lack of political
interest during the implementation period of the project.
6.2 Specific Objective
To achieve the overall objective stated as ‘Reduced number of water borne diseases and
illnesses’ MIDE identifies ‘Improved river quality by reducing the volume of dumped
solid waste’ as the specific objective of the project proposal. MIDE Group aims to reduce
the volume of dumped solid waste into the Choluteca River.
Indicators to measure the river quality are classified under two main groups. First
group is physical and chemical indicators. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, ph and
alkalinity tests will aim to measure and evaluate ongoing project’s effects in the river.
Second group of indicators is biological indicators which includes tests regarding the
level of microbes, algeas and fish in the river.
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17. MIDE Group aims to obtain the results of above mentioned surveys from government
statistics, NAUH (National Autonomous University of Honduras) , SANAA(Government
Sector Aquadact and Sewega Company).
MIDE Group assumes that institutions will cooperate and there will be no major natural
or industrial disaster during the implemetation period of the project.
6.3 Planned Outputs / Results
MIDE Group’s Project aims to achieve two major results to reach to the specific and
overall objectives. First result is ‘Raised public awareness of the threat of water borne
diseases posed by solid waste dumping’and the second result is : ‘Increased public
education and information programs’. These results are expected to reduce the volume
of solid waste dumped into the river and hence improve the river water quality. The
final result of this chain will be reduced number of water borne diseases.
Planned results can be measured by several indicators. Those indicators are
respectively: Number of people reached, attendance of target households to the
workshop, No./% of households using municipalsolid waste collection services,
viewership members of the campaign advertisements on TV, numbers of education
departments established within municipalities, number of permanent staff educated.
MIDE Group is going to measure above mentioned planned results by project
monitoring, government and municipality and health surveys.
6.4 Key Activities
Key activities are the key steps towards the achivement of the planned results stated
above. MIDE Group divides its project activities in two main parts. First part is to create
and implement a Public Awareness Campaign. The second part is assist municipalities
with creation of education departments. MIDE Group aims to raise the social awareness
of the threats of solid waste dumping into the riverline with a Public awareness
campaign and therefore reduce the volume of solid waste dumped and reduce the
number of water borne diseases. On the other hand establishing new education
departmets within local municipalities aims to have the sustainability and raise the
effectiveness of the social awareness in the threats of solid waste dumping. MIDE Group
identifies its key activities in the project as in the following order:
6.4.1 Public Awareness Campaign
Conduct a survey among households and form the target areas and target groups. This
activity is important to define the cause- effect relationships.
1. Develop training materials for educators.
2. Training the volunteer educators in line with the threats of the solid waste
dumping and its direct relation with the water borne diseases in the region is an
important activity in MIDE Consulting Group’s Project.
3. Printing and distributing leaflets to the target households is an anorther activity
that are going to be implemented at the same time with other educational
activities during the project in the region.
4. MIDE Consulting Group is going the organise workshops in the selected areas
with the cooperation of government, the local NGO APP and municipalities in
order to raise the awareness of the threats of the solid waste dumping to the
riverline.
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18. 5. In order to reach more people and sustain the long term stability , MIDE
Consulting Group is going to organise TV broadcasting campaign by an
adviretisement. MIDE will be in charge for the development and management of
the campaign. The local TV Channel CH6 will be used in order to accomplish this
aim.
6.4.2 Assist municipalities with creation of education departments
In order to establish new education departments within local municipalities that
will be in charge for giving education and information to the community
members it is very important to develop and publish article of associations. MIDE
Group will assist the municipalities in defining institutional goals and ethics
1. In line with long term goals of the project and the administrative
sensitivinesses in Honduran local administration , MIDE Group will assist
municipalities to constitute the organisational charts of the new departments.
2. Education of the new personnel has a great importance for the succes of the
project. Therefore MIDE Group will be in charge in developing and printing
training materails for permanently hired local personnel.
3. MIDE Group is going to give recruitment assistance to local municipalities in
hiring permanent personnel.
4. MIDE Group’s last task will be to manage the training of the hired personnel.
6.5 Assumptions / Risks
Before and during the project implementation that is based on the above mentioned
objectives, results and activities, MIDE Consulting groups assumes that there won’t be
an interuption becasuese of some external factors. Main factors , that have significant
importance are stated on the Logframe Matrix. MIDE Counsulting Group assumptions
are as in the following : No epidemic outbreaks, no lack of political interest, cooperation
of institutions, na major industrial or natural disasters, cooperation of community
members, no corruption, enough funding, suitable and adequate personnel.
15

19. Table 6.1 Logframe Matrix
Strategy Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions / Risks
Overall Goal
· Health Indicators indicate that water borne · Government Statistics · No epidemic
diseases & illnesses among target group have outbreaks
Reduced number of water borne diseases & illnesses reduced
· Mortality rate has decreased · Water bornde · No lack of political
diseases & health intrest
statistics / surveys
· Human Development indicators have improved · UNDP Human
Development Index
Specific objectives / planned outcomes
Physical and chemical indicators · Water quality tests · Cooperation of
1. Improved river quality by reducing the volume of conducted by NAUH institution
· Dissolved Oxygen · No major
industrial / natural
dumped solid waste disaster
· Temparature
· pH and alkalinity
Biological Indicators · Water quality tests
conducted by SANAA
· Microbes
· Algeas
· Fish
Planned Outputs / Results
· Number of people reached · Project monitoring · Cooperation of
community
1. 1 Raised public awareness of the threat of water borne members
· Attendance of target households to the workshops · Government statistics · No coruption
diseases posed by solid waste dumping & surveys
· No./% of households using municipal solid waste · Municipality statistics · No cultural
collections services & surveys conflicts &
resistances
16

20. · Viewership ratings of the campaign · Rating surveys
1. 2 Increased public education and information programs adviretisements on TV
· Number of education departments established · Project monitoring &
within municipalities Government statistics
· Number of permanent staff educated at the local · Project monitoring &
municipalities Government statistics
Key Activities
1.1.1 Public awareness campaign
1.1.1.1 Number of people effectedby water borne · Project monitoring · Enough funding
1.1.1.1 Conduct a survey among households and form the diseases
· Suitable &
target areas and target groups adequate personnel
1.1.1.2 Training materials · MIDE, GOV, · Cooperation of
Municipalities community
1.1.1.2 Develop and print training materials for educators members
1.1.1.3 Train volunteer educators 1.1.1.3 Number of educators · No corruption
1.1.1.4 Printed leaflets · MIDE, NAUH, GOV, · No cultural
Municipalities conflicts &
1.1.1.4 Print leaflets and distribute to target househols resistances
1.1.1.5 Workshop materials · MIDE, GOV,
1.1.1.5 Workshops in the target areas APP,Municipalities
Workshop attendances · Project monitoring
1.1.1.6 Organise an awareness campaign by broadcasting TV
advertisements
1.1.1.6 Viewership ratings of TV advertisements · MIDE, GOV, CH6
1.2.1 Assist municipalities with creation of education departments
1.2.1.1 Article of associations of the education · Municipalities
1.2.1.1 Define institutional goals & ethics departments
1.2.1.2 Article of associations of the education · Municipalities
1.2.1.2 Constitute the organisational chart departments
1.2.1.3 Printed training materials · MIDE, NAUH, GOV,
1.2.1.3 Develop and print training materials Municipalities
1.2.1.4 Assist to hire local personnel 1.2.1.4 Number of permanent personnel hired · MIDE, Municipalities
1.2.1.5 Train hired local personnel 1.2.1.5 Number of permanent personal trained · MIDE, Municipalities
17

21. 7. WORK PLAN
MIDE Consulting Group’s Work Plan is divided in two main phasis: preliminary and
implementation. The prelimary phase includes the necessary activities to prepare and to
start the project implementation in Tegucigalpa,Honduras. MIDE Group plans to
implement its project for one year starting from January 2012. Detailed information
regarding the preliminary and implementation phasis and the time framework of the
project can be found on the Work Plan Table following the information below.
7.1 Preliminary phase
1.Advocacy activities: There are some certain steps that must be taken before reaching
the memorandum of understanding. To convince the target institutions for their
commitment in the project, MIDE Group is going to elaborate project proposal to come
to the agreement with the stakeholders.
2. Memorandum of understanding: MIDE Group is planning to reach to the agreement
with the main stakeholders : GOV, IDB and APP within one month after the elaboration
of the project proposal.
3.Establishing stering committee (SC): Representatives of the main stakeholders of
the project that are going to sign the memorandum of understanding will establish the
steering committee which will be in charge in monitoring and controlling all activities
related with the project.
4.Establishing project management unit (PMU): Project Management Unit (PMU) is
the general term that is widely used in the literature. PMU is the unit is responsible for
implementing the project.
5. Establishing an office for PMU: MIDE Group is going to hire an office in Tegucigalpa.
The main motivation its strategical location and logistic advantages.
6. Sustaining residance & orientation for PMU staff: During the implementation of
the project, selected experts of MIDE Group are going to reside in Tegucigalpa to
manage and evaluate the ongoing process. Therefore there is a need to sustain
redidances for the personnel.Orientation is an another part of their arrival to
Tegucigalpa.
7. Opening a bank account for PMU at an international bank: MIDE Group prefers to
work with an international bank. Therefore a bank account in HSBC Teguciglpa will be
contacted
7.2 Implementation phase
7.2.1 Public Awareness Campaign
Activities that are listed below are in the chronogical order for the project.
1. Survey among households: In order to identify the fundamentals of the project,
GOV and APP will distribute questionnaires to the households living around
Choluteca River in Tegucigalpa.
2. Survey among households: APP, GOV(Ministry of health) and PMU select
households from the sample. Volume of solid waste dumped into river and incidence
of water borne diseases are two main critetiria in the selection.
3. Development & printing training materials for educators: APP, GOV(Ministry of
health), NAUH and PMU works in cooperation to develop dtraining materials for
18

22. educators who are going to be in the field to inform selected households about the
threats of solid waste dumping
4. Training volunteer educators: GOV, NAUH (National University of Honduras) and
PMU cooperates to educate volunteer educators before sending them to the field.
NAUH is going to be in charge for teaching theoritical aspects of the threats of solid
waste dumping and its effects as an indicator on water borne diseases .
5. Printing leaflets and distributingto target households: GOV (Municipalities) and
APP cooperates to distribute the leaflets, developed and printed by PMU to the target
households.
6. Developing the TV advertisement: Since MIDE Group aims to reach the also the
households and business that are not in the target group, PMU will be in charge for
the management of developing a TV advertisement with cooperation with
stakeholders. Detailed information can be found on the work plan table.
7. Contract Signing with selected local TV channel: PMU and Honduran TV channel
CH6 signs a contract regarding the advertisement campaign. Duration of the contract
is 8 months.
8. Preparing an Evaluation Report: PMU prepares an evaluation report to the SC with
regard to the public awareness campaign.
7.2.2 Assisting Municipalities with creation of education departments
1. Project presenting to the municipalities: PMU presents project proposal and its
details to the municipalities in January 2012, before the implementation of the project.
2. Defining institutional goals& ethics: PMU, GOV and NAUH cooperates to define the
institutional goals and ethics of the new education departments before the
establishment.
3. Assisting municipalities to hire local personnel: PMU assists municipalities to hire
local personnel with the technical support of NAUH. This activity takes six months
between june and november.
4. Developing & printing training materials for permanently hired personnel:
PMU, GOV and NAUH develops training materials for new personnel that is going to be
hired for the education departments within municiplaties .
5. Training permanently hired personnel: Final task of the second phase of the
project i to train the personnel. PMU, GOV and selected professors of the NAUH are
involved in this task. This will be implemented for seven months simultaneously with
assisting municipalities to hire local personnel.
6. Preparing an Evaluation Report: PMU prepares an evaluation report to the SC with
regard to assisting municipalities with creation of education departments.
19

23. Table 7.1 Work Plan
Main
Project Phase A/B Stockholders Main inputs to
Areas of Activities involved Action taken by Stakeholders be provided 2012
1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
September
December
February
Novemer
October
January
August
March
April
June
June
May
A : Preparation / inception phase
* Service fee for legal
1) Advocacy Activities MIDE * Elaboration of project proposal consultants
2) Memorandum of
understanding GOV GOV
* Impelling municipalities to establish
Signing the letter of understanding environmental
education departments with its commitment.
* Funding the Project for the assisting * Service fee for legal
municipalities consultants
* Impelling NAUH to cooperate & lawyers
* Administrative support
IDB IDB
* Funding for the public awareness campaign
APP APP
* Cooperation in the public awareness campaign
MIDE MIDE
* Managing & implementing the project
3) Establishing the steering
committee (SC) IDB * Mutual Agreement between members * Meeting costs
APP with regard to SC establishment * Administrative costs
MIDE
20

24. 4) Establishing project
management unit (PMU)
MIDE * Establishing orgonagram & job descriptions * No costs
5) Establishing an office for PMU * Renting an office in Tegucicalpa * Deposit&Rent
* Equipment & Furniture
MIDE * Procuring office materials costs
* Connecting landline & internet..etc * Utility connection costs
*
6) Sustaining residence & Transportation&PerDiem
orientation MIDE * Allocation of the stuff to the residences costs
for PMU Staff IDB * Field Trips
7) Opening a bank account for
PMU
at an international bank MIDE * Contacting HSBC Honduras * Service fee
B: Main implementation phase
1) Public Awareness Campaign
GOV (Statistical
Office & Ministry of
1.1) Survey among households Health) GOV
* Distributing questionnaires
* Detecting households dumping solid waste into
riverline
APP APP * Survey fee
* Distributing questionnaires * Administrative costs
PMU PMU
* Management
* Identifying fundamentals like cause - effect
relationship
1.2) Forming target groups APP
GOV(Ministry of
Health&Municipaliti * Selection of households from sample with
es) cooperation * Administrative Costs
PMU
1.3) Development & printing GOV (Ministry of
training Health) GOV
21

25. materials for educators * Involving experienced medical personnel
* Fees for education
NAUH NAUH professionals
* Involving Professor's from related departments * Printing costs
APP APP * Administrative costs
* Involving experienced personnel
PMU PMU
* Active participation & management
GOV (Ministry of * Fees for education
1.4) Training volunteer educators Health) GOV professionals
* Teaching practical knowledge * Administrative costs
NAUH NAUH
* Teaching theoritical knowledge
PMU PMU
* Active participation & management
1.5) Printing leaflets and GOV
distributing (Municipalities) * Mutual participation in development materials * Printing costs
to target households APP * Cooperation * Administrative costs
1.6) Developing the TV GOV (Ministry of * Fees for the selected
advertisement Health) advertisement
NAUH * Mutual participation in the development of the agency
APP TV advertisement campaign *Administrative costs
IDB * Cooperation
Selected Advertising
Agency
PMU
1.7) Contract signing with * Fee of the
selected CH6 CH6 adviretisement campaign
local TV channel * Regular broadcasting for 8 months
PMU
PMU * Management & assesment & control
1.8) Preparing an Evaluation
Report GOV(Municipalities) PMU * Administrativec costs
* Preparation of the report regarding the
SC assesments and * Printing costs
NAUH effects of the public awareness campaign
22

26. * Reporting the report to the SC, GOV , NAUH and
APP APP
PMU
2) Assisting municipalities with
creation
of education departments
2.1) Project proposal to the
municipalities PMU * Presenting Project Proposal * Administrative costs
2.3) Defining institutional goals &
ethics GOV(Municipalities) GOV * Administrative costs
* Sharing information with PMU by into account
law and
institutional culture of the government sector
NAUH NAUH
* Involving Professors from related departments
to
cooperate with PMU
PMU PMU
* Defining the instittutional goals & ethics
regarding '
integrity, professionalism, caring and teamwork
2.4) Assisting municipalities to * Service fee for
hire NAUH NAUH professionals
* Involving Professors from related departments
local personnel to * Administrative costs
cooperate with PMU and mınicipalities
PMU
PMU * Management of the recruitment advisory for
municipalities
2.5) Developing & printing
training materials GOV(Municipalities) GOV
Fees for education
for permanently hired personnel * Involving experienced medical personnel professionals
23

27. NAUH NAUH
* Involving Professors from related departments Printing costs
PMU PMU
* Active participation & management Administrative costs
2.6) Training permanently hired * Fees for education
personnel GOV(Municipalities) GOV professionals
* Practical training of the personnel * Administrative costs
NAUH NAUH
* Theoritical training of the personnel
PMU PMU
* Active participation & management
2.7) Preparing an Evaluation
Report GOV(Municipalities) PMU * Administrativec costs
* Preparation of the report regarding the
SC assesments and * Printing costs
NAUH effects of the project
* Reporting the report to the SC, GOV , NAUH and
APP APP
PMU
24

28. 8.ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
An organizational chart (often called organigram) is a diagram that shows
the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and
positions and jobs. The various organizational positions are involved throughout the
project, with some playing more active role at the initiation stage of the project
development and others at the implementation stage through completion stage. The
hierarchical structure of organization reflects top-to-bottom approach where Steering
Committee is in charge of making executive decisions on the project which are
accordingly trickle down to the project manager and his/her team which is charge of
coordination, implementation, and assessment of the project. This hierarchical structure
ensures closer supervision of every project staff member, proper implementation at
every development stage of the project and stronger accountability to guarantee that the
project is being executed in responsible and appropriate way.
8.1 Steering Committee advisory committee made up of high level stakeholders and
experts who provide guidance on key issues such as company policy and objectives,
budgetary control, marketing strategy, resource allocation, and decisions involving large
expenditures. Our committee consists of representative from government of Honduras,
Inter-American Development Bank, local NGO Agua Para el Pueblo and National
Autonomous University of Honduras.
8.2 Project Manager is responsible for the overall direction, coordination,
implementation, execution, control and completion of specific projects ensuring
consistency with company strategy, commitments and goals. Project manager has the
following list of duties:
 lead the planning and implementation of project
 define project tasks and resource requirements
 assemble and coordinate project staff
 plan and schedule project timelines
 track project deliverables
 constantly monitor and report on progress of the project to the steering
committee
 project evaluations and assessment of results
8.3 Finance Department directs and coordinates project’s operating budget and
responsible for processing payments to vendors, contractors and staff members. It
maintains financial records and issues quarterly financial reports. The finance
department also provides purchasing function to procure services, supplies, materials,
office equipment necessary for implementing the project. The following provides a more
complete list of specific job responsibilities of finance department
 provides oversight for the rationality of all project expenditures.
 oversees all budgeting activities on sponsored educational projects.
 provides oversight on all aspects of program expenditures.
 ensures financial compliance with applicable regulations for sponsored projects
8.3.1 Accounting and Funds Management is responsible for preparation, examination,
and analysis of accounting records, financial statements, and other financial reports to
25

29. assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.
One of the main duties of this arm of finance department is to analyze project
operations, trends, costs, financial commitments, and obligations and report to the
project manager the financial situation by comparing budgeted costs to actual costs.
8.4 Administrative Department provides administrative support for the project
implementation. The administrative department includes two Program Coordinators,
one responsible for Project Awareness campaign and the other for assisting
municipalities in establishing educational departments. The rest of the administrative
staff includes field workers which provide assistance in project implementation “on the
ground”.
8.4.1 Project Coordinator (Public Awareness) is responsible for Project Awareness
campaign. He or she will assist project manager with day to day operations related to
the ongoing awareness campaign and work closely with numerous field workers in
achieving common daily objectives set for educational programs. He or she will monitor
the field work, act as liaison between subcontractors and PMU, and supervise the
contact work to ensure that previously set objectives and procedures are being
complied with and followed. He or she will utilize and evaluate available resources of
various program materials and assessment criteria to develop, market and pilot
educational programs. Program coordinator in this capacity is fully proficient in English
and Spanish languages.
8.4.2 Project Coordinator (Assisting municipalities in establishing education departments)
is responsible for assisting municipalities in establishing educational departments. The
job entails extensive travelling time and thorough coordination with training and
recruitment units to ensure that the adequate and well educated water and sanitation
specialist are recruited to work in educational department of municipalities. Program
coordinator will keep close a communication with the staff from local municipalities and
is fully proficient in English and Spanish languages in this capacity.
8.4.3 Field Workers include several hired administrative staff and many volunteer
educators. Field workers will help to promote educational programs, workshops, and
seminars that are established by the project. Field workers will be spread out
throughout several locations in Tegucigalpa, Honduras to reach larger number of target
groups. They will distribute information and educational materials to target groups and
in public areas and conduct community meetings with local residents and enterprises.
8.5 Technical Implementation Department provides technical support and recruiting
assistance for the project needs. It consists of two main units: training unit and
recruitment unit.
 8.5.1 Training Unit will be responsible for drawing and implementing specific
professional training plan for water and sanitation specialists and engineers. The
unit will consist of highly qualified engineers and sanitation specialist with
extensive work experience and strong background in solid waste dumping issues.
The unit will be evaluating the success of individual and group training on an
ongoing basis and making sure new recruits have continuing opportunities for
improvement and development.
26

30.  8.5.2 Recruitment Unit will handle the group’s human resource matters. In this
capacity, the unit will be responsible to indentify needed staff vacancies,
recruiting, interviewing and selecting applicants for both project needs and
educational departments of the municipalities. They will recruit highly skilled
engineers and water and sanitation educational specialists that will be ultimately
trained by the Training Unit to join previously specified labor positions.
27

31. Table 8.1 Organizational Chart
28

32. 9. PRE-APPRAISAL OF RELEVANCE, EFFICIENCY,EFFECTIVENESS,
IMPACTS,SUSTAINABILITY
9.1 Relevance
MIDE Group identifies the relevance of the project in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, as follows:
 Relevance to MDG’s number 4,5,6 and 7
 Incidence of the water borne diseases in the region
 Volume of solid waste dumped directly to the river in the region
 Low level of the environmental sensitiveness
 Published reports about the stated problem
9.2 Efficiency
MIDE Group identifies the relevance of the project in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, on the
table below:
Table 9.2 Efficiency
Efficiency
Cost -Benefit Analysis Cost - Effectiveness Analysis
· MIDE Group publishes the cost benefit analysis, · MIDE Group publishes the cost
including detailed budget of the project, after the effectiveness analysis during the elaboration
elaboration of the project of the project
External Costs External Benefits
· Possible Expension of the project scope during · Possible minimization of the project scope
the implementation during the implementation
· Extra costs that stem from the mistakes in the · Extra benefits from the mistakes in the
calculation of the prices & wages&service fees in calculation of the prices & wages&service
the budget during the implementation of the fees in the budget during the
project implementation of the project
· Benefits for MIDE Group’ s long term plans
from learning process from stakeholders,
especially from local ones.
9.3 Effectiveness
Effectiveness measures to what extent the Project is reaching its objectives. MIDE Group
describes the effectiveness of the under the following substances:
 Cooperation between stakeholders : Perfect partnership & teamwork among
stakeholders
 Available funds from stakeholders : IDB,GOV
 Evidence of the raised public awareness
 Evidence of the raised public education level
 Functioning education departments established within municipalities
29

33. 9.4 Impacts
MIDE Group identifies the impacts of the project on the table below. On the table
planned effects are showed directly. On the other hand, unplanned effects would be the
results of the negative external interventions and positive & negative externalities of the
project. Those effects are classified in the secondary impacts.
Table 9.4 Impacts of the project
Positive Impacts Negative Impacts
Primary Impacts (Short term) Primary Impacts (Short term)
· Selected households are more aware of the · Households give extra effort to reach the
threats of solid waste dumping and its effect on solid waste collection units of the
water borne diseases municipalities
· Volume of solid waste dumped into the riverline
is reduced
· Municipalities are able to educate the society
about the environmental sentivinesses and the
threats of solid waste dumping with the established
education departments
Secondary Impacts (Longer term) Secondary Impacts (Longer term)
· Positive externalities of the educational activities · Activities of households are restricted
in the society (Unplanned Impact) because of incresed environmental
sensitiveness
· Incidence of water borne diseases is decreased · Activities of local municipalities are
restricted because of incresed environmental
sensitiveness
· Fish population in the river is incresed · Negative externalities of the educational
activities in the society (Unplanned Impact)
· Income of the fishermen is increased
9.5 Sustainability
MIDE Group defines its projects sustainability as positive results lasting for longer term
after the implementation of the project. MIDE identifies the longer term effects as in
follows:
30

34. Table 9.5 Sustainability Indicators
Sustainability Indicators
Quantitative Qualitative
· Number of education departments · Commitment of the community members
established within the municipalities
· Number of trained personnel for the · Commitment of the society
education departments
· Commitment of the government
· Commitment of the municipalities
31

35. References
 Millennium Development Goals, 2007, (United Nations, online) available at:
http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm
 Metz, M., 2005, Consultant, Agricultural Policy Support Service, Policy Assistance Division,
FAO, Rome, Italy
 Pure Water for the World. Honduras. Accessed on August 25,
2011. http://purewaterfortheworld.org/our-projects/honduras/
 United Nations Report (2000). We the Peoples: Full Report,
2000. http://www.un.org/millennium/sg/report/
 NGO Learning (2011). Analysis and Strategy Selection. Accessed on August 25,
2011.ngolearning.org/evanspmclass/.../April%2021%20SlideDeckPart%201.ppt
 Channel 6. Canal 6 Historia. Accessed on August 26, 2011 http://www.noti6.com/
 Government of Honduras Official Website. Portal de Gobierno de Honduras.
Accessed on August 16, 2011 http://www.gob.hn/
 Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management, Accessed on August 05,2011.
http://sswm.info/home
 Honduras Ministry of Health. Secretaria de Salud. Accessed on August 17,
2011. www.salud.gob.hn/
 SANAA, Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados [Online]
Available at http://www.sanaa.hn/Accessed in August 2011
 PAN, Hondurian water platform, [Online] Available at
http://resweb.llu.edu/rford/courses/ESSC5xx/docs/ley_general.pdf Accessed in
August 2011
 UNEP (2009), United Nation Development Program, Developing Integrated Solid
Waste Management Plan, Volume 2 [Online] Available at
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/spc/ISWMPlan_Vol2.pdf Accessed in
August 2011
32