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Understanding
    Communities
    Research and design directions exploring how to effectively work with
    communities to develop and vet new ideas.




    Design Planning Workshop
    Spring 2009


    Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong




                                       Design Planning Workshop
                                       Spring 2009

                                       Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
1
Table of Contents

    Report Overview............................................................................................3
    What we set out to do and what we found

    The Open Source Landscape.........................................................................4 – 6
    Secondary research into the evolution of Open Source, the communities
    that work on projects and business models around Open Source

    Community Creation and Companies. ...........................................................7 – 9
                                         .
    The ways companies and communities can work together and our
    research direction exploring how communities and Teague can work together

    Research Methodology and Community Findings.........................................10–13
                                                      .
    We talked to community members in the shoe and car industries and
    developed understanding about the organization of communities

    Design Principles............................................................................................14–19
    Key principles when designing for communities

    Solution Strategies.........................................................................................20–28
    How Teague can address community needs while meeting its own
    business objectives

    Road Map.......................................................................................................29
    Framing solutions opportunity space, time horizon, and certainty




                                                                                             Design Planning Workshop
                                                                                             Spring 2009

                                                                                             Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
2
THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE
                                                                         REPORT OVERVIEW




    Report Overview

    After conducting research into Open Source and customizing communities and identifying their
    needs, we developed a portfolio of solutions that allow Teague to tap into community knowl-
    edge and work

    Teague is a design consultancy firm that was founded in 1926. Through its history, it has be-
    come a leader in aviation design and industrial design in the consumer electronics and life-
    style products industry. Realizing the need to stay competitive in an industry that is becoming
    commoditized by offshore manufacturing and labor, as well as shorter product lifecycles and
    increasing marketing costs, Teague saw potential in the growing popularity of Open Source
    Hardware (OSH).

    Our goal was to develop a portfolio of options of how Teague could capitalize on OSH development,
    and what types of revenue streams were possible. Through our initial research we soon found that
    OSH was very similar to Open Source Software development in ideology, but very different because
    of the nature of physical production of artifacts. We also identified a typology of OS business models
    that Teague could pursue: Traditional OS, Commercial OS, Product Co-Creation, and Platform develop-
    ment.

    After discussing the strengths and weaknesses with Teague, we were able to focus our research on
    what would benefit Teague the most--Product Co-Creation. Co-Creation is a way to identify trends of
    users, get rapid feedback during design, and get user validation during development and testing.

    To understand Co-Creation, we looked at not just the Open Source Community, but other industries
    and communities that support and benefit from the work of members. We were also interested in
    how these communities are built and supported through its members because they are not usually
    officially formed and sanctioned, but rather built around hobbyists and enthusiasts very much like the
    Open Source Community. We also looked at customization, the people who do it and support it to
    understand why people modify products and what benefits the get from it.

    From our research in areas such as car enthusiasts and sneaker customization, we were able to
    identify unmet needs of hobbyists and customizers, and develop design principles for a system that
    would develop and support an Open Source Hardware community. Initial concepts were developed
    around these principles. We then filtered the concepts based on Teague’s needs, objectives, and
    capabilities.

    The final concept solutions ranged from Teague creating a blog and web presence among Open
    Source Hardware hackers, to creating live events and competition for community members, to creat-
    ing physical workshops for tinkerers and hobbyists to join and share work space while socializing. The
    concepts were then given an implementation strategy starting with the web presence based on the
    need and Teague’s capabilities in interaction design. The final step in the process would be the cre-
    ation of the physical workshops, or Hacker Hauses. The entire process should be done within a time
    span of less than 2 years however because of the fast paced nature of Open Source.

    We believe this portfolio of options will not only make Teague a member, but also a leader in the
    Open Source community. This in turn will lead to quicker trend spotting, faster development time,
    and better user feedback. This will make Teague a sought after firm for companies wanting to create
    products and services that people want to use.



                                                                    Design Planning Workshop
                                                                    Spring 2009

                                                                    Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
3
THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE




    Open Source + Teague

    As the Open Source movement expands, how can Teague utilized these communities within its
    development process?

    “Open Source” generally refers to a free and open approach to the design, development, and
    distribution of a product. The end goal of an open source product is to give the user information about
    a product to adapt the product fit their need, whether it is an individual user, or community of users.
    New products are shared with the community alongside the underlying code or specs so other users
    can continue the cycle of modification.

    Open Source used to be primarily a tool of computer scientists at academic institutions, but in recent
    years has seen its scope expand beyond these communities. Open Source software, with Linux
    as the flag bearer, have become businesses unto themselves. Code that has been developed and
    refined by the community, is packaged with customer support and sold to outside organizations.
    These companies find themselves the beneficiary of not only well-engineered solution, but also with
    a new set of end-customers in the developer community.


    Open Source exists because of innovations that allowed collaboration to scale across geogra-
    phies, companies and industries.

    Open Source is a formalization of collaboration. While it used to be that we could only collaborate
    with coworkers at work and friends at home, innovations in methods of communication and support
    for development of ideas have allowed collaboration to develop into businesses. The internet, the de-
    velopment of GPL (General Public Licenses), which protect open/collaborative work from being later
    patented, and the advent of companies that provided user support and know-how about Open Source
    products have extended the reach of Open Source software. While small batch manufacturing, has
    facilitated the evolution of Open Source from software to product development.


    Internet       Legal Protection         User Support          Small Batch Manufacturing
    Individuals    GPL and creative         This skin around      Increases in global manufacturing
    were able to   commons licensing        the Open Source       capacity, have brought down the cost
    connect and    allowed businesses       community, allows     to fabricate designs so individuals
    share ideas    to utilize the advan-    community devel-      can now design and make their own
    across geog-   tages of open source     opment to be used     products.
    raphies.       without worry of         by a non-developer
                   placing themselves at    end market.
                   a competitive disad-                                       open source hardware
                   vantage.

                                                          open source business models


                                collaboration across organizations


                communities of collaborators


     collaboration within your personal network
                                                                     Design Planning Workshop
                                                                     Spring 2009

                                                                     Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
4
THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE




    Understanding the OS community

    Most projects aren’t worked on, those that are aren’t worked on by many.


    The idea of open source software is commonly regarded a production of a community of developers,
    but open source projects tend to be developed by small groups of individuals. One might also think
    that the more complex a project gets the more developers there are involved. In fact, there is no
    meaningful correlation between the size of the project and the number of developers. A larger project
    doesn’t require more developers.




    number of                                                   number of
    projects                                                    projects




                      active         unchanged in last 6                       1     2-3   4-10 11- 20 >20
                                     months                                  number of people working on project
    Data was taken from an analysis of 400 open source projects from the FreashMeat portal
    which was published in IEEE journal in 2003. The data gathered was from 2001 .



    For communities to succeed, problems must have distinct modules that can worked
    on separately.

    In a community of open source contributors, the key is to ensure an architecture that allows for
    customers and other self-interested users of the software to easily contribute pieces without having
    to sift through the whole project. The architecture of codebase is a critical factor with all open source
    software projects. Modularity and option values are important factors within the architecture of open
    source software. They allow developers with appropriate skills and training to make early, informed
    decisions and encourage the evolution of the open source project.

    Modularity allows developers to tweak the code for their own benefit. Developers are “able to make
    small extensions without having to upset the balance of the larger project.” It allows code to evolve
    incrementally and lowers the barriers of entry by new developers by making it more approachable.
    Modularity encourages a community to elicit contributions based on the community’s natural reciproc-
    ity, altruism and a wish to be affiliated. It also allows many contributors to be recognized for their




                                                                             Design Planning Workshop
                                                                             Spring 2009

                                                                             Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
5
THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE




    Open Source business models

    There are existing business models that tap into the Open Source community.


                             the customer              the product             the value propsition

    Aggregate a kit          developers                component parts         Customer gets every-
    of parts                                                                   thing needed to make
                                                                               a product in one stop.
                                                                               Customer gets recom-
                                                                               mended/high quality
                                                                               parts.

    Center of the universe   non-developers, espe-     advice on how to use    Customer gets a
    consulting               cially larger companies   community generated     usable version of a
                                                       products                higher quality product
                                                                               and help deploying the
                                                                               changes as they are
                                                                               developed in the com-
                                                                               munity.
    Prepare for rapid        developers and non-       Open Source products    The company will in-
    change                   developers                                        variably face knock-off
                                                                               challengers. By being
                                                                               open at the onset, the
                                                                               company reduces the
                                                                               market for knock-off
                                                                               and benefits from the
                                                                               innovation within the
                                                                               communities.




                                                                 Design Planning Workshop
                                                                 Spring 2009

                                                                 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
6
COMMUNITY CREATION AND COMPANIES




    Collaborative business models

    Stepping back from our original scope, we looked at the value from and questions about varying
    types of user involvement in the creative process

    Traditional Open Source                      example: linksys
    Company utilizes open
    source technology
    developed in communi-             open source                                                 Other
    ties (might be company            community                Teague                             Companies
    managed but are not
    company directed). By
    using open source, the
    company gains prestige
    within the developer/
    open source community
                                                                                                        paying
    and increases sales to                                                                              consumers
    this community. Product                                                                             (users)

    is sold into the mass
                               free developers
    market, but without a      (makers/users)             How do you monitor and use open
    perceived competitive
    advantage (open source                                source technology to create better/
    doesn’t matter to these                               more appealing products for the devel-
    people).                                              oper and non-developer community?



    Commercial Open Source                          example: red hat

    The company manages
    an open source com-
    munity, taking an ac-                   open source                                          Other
    tive role in presenting                 community           Teague                           Companies
    projects and guiding
    the community. These
    projects are packaged
    (with service offerings,
    or increased usability)
    to be sold into a mass
                                                                                                       paying
    audience.                                                                                          consumers
                                                                                                       (users)


                               free developers
                               (makers/users)             How do you manage a community to
                                                          get useful insights and components of
                                                          products relevant to a non-developer
                                                          community?


                                                                       Design Planning Workshop
                                                                       Spring 2009

                                                                       Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
7
COMMUNITY CREATION AND COMPANIES




    Collaborative business models

    Co-creation	               example: Lego

    A dynamic relationship
    between producer
    and consumer where             Teague
    a company engages
    consumer and produc-
    tion and/or distribution                      ideas
    of goods services and
    values.




                                                                             paying consumers
                               How do you involve your end users             (users)
                               and/or business partners to contribute
                               to the development of products?




    Platform		                 example: iPhone

    Company creates
    usable product that is
    sold into the market.                                                     other
                                                  Teague
    Information about this                                                    companies
    product is released to
    allow other individu-
    als and companies to
    develop complimen-
    tary products. Product
    brand is enhanced by
    the ability to custom-
    ize with these external     free developers
    products.                   (makers/users)                             paying consumers
                                                                           (users)

                               How do you create products that allow individuals and
                               companies to add on to the offering, creating a richer
                               brand and product experience through developments
                               external to the company?



                                                            Design Planning Workshop
                                                            Spring 2009

                                                            Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
8
THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE




    Co-Creation + Teague

    Teague is interested in how to tap into the knowledge, work and trends in the
    developer/tinkering community



    Each of the collaborative business models has an area of intersection between Teague and the
    developer/tinkering community. In talks with Teague, it was clear that it was the nature of these
    intersections, not the specifics of Open Source, which were of the greatest value to the firm. Rather
    than providing specifics of a business model, our research looks at the nature of how companies can
    locate, work with and utilize the knowledge of communities and individuals.




                community                                                Teague

                                 free developers
                                 (makers/users)




                                                                    Design Planning Workshop
                                                                    Spring 2009

                                                                    Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
9
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS




     New Research Direction

     Examining Open Source as Customization and Co-Creation

     After talking with Teague and reframing Open Source as a form of co-creation, we decided to focus
     our research on the biggest and most well-known form which is customization. We wanted to know
     who customizers were, who they customized things for, and what motivated them to customize
     things.

     We also saw that it was important to understand the communities that get behind customization of
     products, as they were the people who made large open source projects not only possible, but kept
     the projects going throughout different communities. It was necessary to research what motivated
     these communities and not just individual customizers, and understand how they functioned as a
     group with common goals as well as individual goals.




                                                                   Design Planning Workshop
                                                                   Spring 2009

                                                                   Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS




     Understanding the Community

     Research Methodology Focusing on the Entire Spectrum
     of Community Participants

     In order to understand not just the community and how it interacts within, and how it represents
     itself to the outside world, we wanted to talk to people at all points of the spectrum. This lead us to
     those who were at the center of their group, or the hardcore participants, to the people who are on
     the fringes, those who liked the community but didn’t necessarily associate with it entirely. This lead
     us to create a model of community interaction that helped us understand the members and the roles
     they played within the community. It also helped us identify those we wanted to interview for our
     primary research.




     Members’ Roles and Participation Structure the Community Architecture




                               The Hero

                               These are individuals who stand out within their groups. Their
                               work is not only representative of the community, but is also
                               influential and emulated by the subcommunity.




                               The Subcommunity

                               These are active members within the community who help
                               support it and make it grow. They specialize in their specific
                               group and often socialize (both physical and virtual) in order for
                               the group to sustain itself and gain new members.




                               The Lifestyle Ecosystem

                               Although these are not integral members of the group, they are
                               an essential part of the community. They serve as a gateway of
                               information and education for those without existing resources
                               to join the community and provide a wider audience for mem-
                               bers to show off their work.




                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS




     Research Participants



                                Miguel: Hero

                                Sneaker customizer, former graffiti artist




                                Ben: Subcommunity Member

                                Car enthusiast / customizer




                                Nikhil: Subcommunity Member

                                Car enthusiast / customizer / designer




                                Marilee: Lifestyle Ecosystem Member

                                Worked for car enthusiast magazine




                                            Design Planning Workshop
                                            Spring 2009

                                            Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
12
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS




     Understanding the Community

     Community Overlaps and Intersections Spread Knowledge and Influence

     From our research, we were able to see how ideas and trends flow from one community to another.
     As influence from the Heroes spreads out to the Lifestyle members, these Lifestyle members also
     belong to different Lifestyle communities. As trends rise and fall, these members pass the trends
     along their individual communities as well, spreading influence up to those with Hero status. We
     believe this intersection is where innovations happen as communities influence each other and pass
     trends along to different communities.

     We feel that if Teague can help build and maintain a community of Open Source Hardware hackers
     and tinkerers, they will also be able to spot rising trends from across different industries, communi-
     ties, and cultures. Teague will then have an advantage as a trend spotter, but would also have the
     ability to tap into these different communities through their own influence within the Open Source
     Hardware community.




     Example of trend and information flows across different communities with shared
     members


          Skateboard
          Community                                      Sneaker
                                                        Community




                                  Graffiti
                                Community




                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
13
DESIGN PRINCIPLES


     Design Principles

     Our primary and secondary research identified needs, objectives, activities and breakdowns that
     clustered into nine principles when designing for a community.




     • Provide a place for community members to display work

     • Provide ease of entry for different skill levels

     • Provide people with acess to resources and tools

     • Offer opportunities for education and growth

     • Offer compensation to members for work used

     • Appeal to wider ecosystem

     • Have a way of showing membership ad identity

     • Have transparent process

     • Value the community and past accomplishments




                                                                Design Planning Workshop
                                                                Spring 2009

                                                                Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
14
DESIGN PRINCIPLES




     Provide a place for community
     members to display work
     A solution should allow customizes to showcase their work and exhibit contributions along side the
     contributors. Members add value to the community through their specials skills, knowledge and abili-
     ties. The platform to display work should be both virtual and physical forums and should allow the cre-
     ator to interact with the audience during the process. Providing a way for people to exchange ideas
     and to validate each others ideas helps the community build their skills and continue learning.

     For our research:
     •  ommunity members want to be famous. “....not that they wouldn’t want recognition for them-
       C
       selves. i think they’d all want to be famous...just like painting and works of art get known” – Marilee

     • dentifying the good people through the community and learning from them. ”Through the com-
       I
       munity...you figure out who’s the good mechanic...like anyone does in a social network you figure
       out who the good people are and learn from them...now that there’s the internet it’s a lot easier...
       specialty publications...doing whatever you do to learn about your car and keep it operating...it’s
       informal.” – Marilee

     •  embers need the community to validate and appreciate their work “i don’t think you can do car
       M
       stuff by yourself. If you don’t have a community around you that appreciates the inordinate amount
       of time you spend on your vehicle...” –Marilee




     Provide ease of entry for different skill levels
     A solution should allow members of different skill levels to enter into community activities and
     educate all levels of contributors. Exploring different possibilities and ideas are important to the skill
     development of a community. The solution should provide a way for people to find out about new
     things and build on existing knowledge whether they are a novice or an expert. It should have no or
     low cost of entry.

     For our research:
     •  xperimenting and exploring involved in customizations, especially when there is little previous
       E
       knowledge “trial and error and a lot of error”- Nikhil

     •  ustomizing begins with casual exploration. People don’t always start out customizing with the goal
       C
       of customizing, it’s more of an ends to a mean. He got started by making a pair for his brother, then
       his kids. It snowballed after that –Miguel

     •  kill and ability limitations make it difficult for anybody to customize things, people without technical
       S
       skills and craftsmanship may not participate- Miguel

     •  eed to offer different levels of involvement to draw in those who might not have the resources or
       N
       knowledge to be a core community member. –Marilee




                                                                         Design Planning Workshop
                                                                         Spring 2009

                                                                         Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
15
DESIGN PRINCIPLES




     Provide people with acess to
     resources and tools
     A solution should provide access to tinker-friendly things. With new technologies stifling the ability to
     tinker, it is important for the community to have access to new technologies and tools. This enables
     members to discover new skills and build on there previous knowledge. Providing a wide range of
     options, from the low tech tools to tools for the highly skilled tinkerer also helps community member
     to develop skills and learn from each other.

     For our research:
     •  ompanies bringing resources to the community. ”Nike provided materials, stipends” - Miguel
       C

     •  he knowledge necessary to tinker needs to be easily available” ...they [old cars] are cars that
       T
       people can work on...it’s specialied knowledge but it’s not inaccessible”-Marilee

     •  he car industry is evolving in a way that prevents access by a tinkering community- “they taught
       T
       [auto repair] in my high school...but where do you go to learn that? the cars that they build are all
       computerized...there’s no connection...you really have to have a level of expertise that is uncom-
       mon”- Marilee

     •  You would have to invest in more equipment. You have to buy all the computer, the equipment to
       “
       diagnose... Can’t do as much with a new car these days”- Ben




     Offer opportunities for
     education and growth
     A solution should provide members with opportunities for educational growth to achieve profes-
     sional and personal goals. Emerging talent often arises out of creative communities and those talents
     should be recognized and given opportunities for professional growth. Communities value learning
     and skill development, therefore a solution should provide resources and tools that help members
     grow as an individual.

     For our research:
     •  neaker designers who submit ideas online have a “naïve hope” that they will get recognized for
       S
       their work and get hired by a company – Miguel

     •  embers need the community to get information about resources. “If you’re not part of a commu-
       M
       nity you don’t know...where to get parts” – Marilee




                                                                       Design Planning Workshop
                                                                       Spring 2009

                                                                       Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
16
DESIGN PRINCIPLES




     Offer compensation to members for work used
     A solution should recognize that compensation for ideas can be realized in terms beyond financial
     reward. Other forms of compensation include the opportunity to network and build close bonds with
     colleagues and friends, access to education and resources, and publicity. Receiving credit and recog-
     nition for individual accomplishments is integral to the co-creation process.

     For our research:
     •  I think they’d [tinkerers] all want to be famous, just like [creators of] paintings and works of art get
       “
       known.” –Marile

     •  It’s about being around your friends and family, working on it together. You can meet up together
       “
       and work on your car. Like ‘Ben just got new sonar heads for his car, let’s get a 12 pack of beer and
       work on it.’” –Ben




     Appeal to wider ecosystem
     A solution should transcend the product or project and consider the over-arching value system and
     ecosystem supporting a project area. A solution should acknowledge the various inspiration sources
     of an idea, as many customizations are throw-backs and references to prior art. Additionally, a solution
     should recognize that needs and preferences of customizers are dynamic and ever-changing for; what
     is relevant today, may not be tomorrow.

     For our research:
     •  It [my choices] represents a different time in my life now, I’m kind of moving on from it, like, I
       “
       want to get a Vespa. I was living in the suburbs. I was driving around a whole lot. There was a
       different culture around it too, your car meat a lot more to you, cause that’s how you connected
       to your friends. You really couldn’t get over to anyone’s house without a car. You couldn’t get to
       school. Here I could take public transportation all over the place.” –Ben

     •  There are a lot of semantic clues, themes, metaphors and analogies you can take from other prod-
       “
       ucts and use in your professional life.”–Nikhil

     •  Customization is a lifestyle, not necessarily specific to a certain product.”–Miguel
       “

     •  For example, a doorknob. I may be searching for a casing for my speedometer and
       “
       use that doorknob.” –Nikhil




                                                                         Design Planning Workshop
                                                                         Spring 2009

                                                                         Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
17
DESIGN PRINCIPLES




     Have a way of showing membership add identity
     Creators identify with subtle cues and latent messaging that says “I am a part of this group.”
     Therefore, a solution should consider the social and cultural forces that culminate in in-the-know
     language (lingo) or physical representations (ex. car customizers’ greasy fingers) that convey
     group membership.

     For our research:
     •  The great thing about customizing shoes is that the only limitations is the
       “
       person’s ability.” – Miguel

     •  [Customization] is done for a single user, completely against fundamentals of mass
       “
       production. It’s not about one product being created for all.” – Nikhil




     Have transparent process
     A solution should direct contributors through the process of sharing work, ranging from how to share,
     with whom to share, to the result of sharing. Put simply, a solution should make contributors and
     “borrowers” feel in control of and educated about the idea-sharing process.

     For our research:
     •  Middle or end users / clients need information as to why customizing is important or how it can
       “
       help their business.” –Miguel

     • “Established business models may be hard to break.” –Miguel




                                                                       Design Planning Workshop
                                                                       Spring 2009

                                                                       Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
18
DESIGN PRINCIPLES




     Value the community and past
     accomplishments

     A solution should honor the spirit and essence of references and honor the authenticity of past ac-
     complishments. A solution should align with brand and community values and attributes to create
     products that harness and maintain a community’s sincere and deep-rooted interests.

     For our research:
     •  Performance wise it was great. Aesthetically like the trying to make it look like the old mustang I
       “
       know some people like it. I didn’t like it”–Ben

     • “The ideas of the enthusiast community are too fringe for the needs of the mass market.” –Marilee

     •  Companies scour forums and use online ideas, turn out a watered-down version of
       “
       the product.” –Miguel




                                                                       Design Planning Workshop
                                                                       Spring 2009

                                                                       Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
19
SOLUTION STRATEGIES


     Solution Strategies

     Increase process transparency
     Teague must open up its own creative process to allow outsiders to contribute and understand the
     methodology Teague uses. This necessary first step lays a foundation for credibility within the open
     source community and begins to build channels to outside communities.

     Community Presence

     Rapid Feedback Tool



     Expand Teague’s network of influence
     Teague begins to open temporary forums for specific contribution from outside. Structured as short-
     term projects, Teague offers education, access to resources, notoriety and prizes to the community in
     exchange for work and ideas

     Teague Academy Exptension

     Design Competition

     IdeaFest



     Work with community heros
     Because Teague has developed inroads into various communities, heros can be identified with and
     their role can be used to develop products, and used to help identify intersections of communities
     that indicate future trend direction

     Co-Brand

     Hero Subscription



     Become a place where new ideas go
     By opening a physical space, with tiered access to resources, Teague becomes the place where the
     community can meet, develop and share ideas putting Teague always on the forefront

     HackerHaus




                                                                     Design Planning Workshop
                                                                     Spring 2009

                                                                     Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
20
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Increase process transparency

     Community Web Presence: Beginning with Blog

     What it is                                           What it does
     • Internal Teague Hero writes blog                   • Promotes Teague
     • Self promotion outside of design community         •  uilds community around Teague Hero
                                                            B
                                                            and ideas
     •  ommunity “myspace-like” platform for
       C
       displaying personal work and networking            •  etwork with other bloggers and communities
                                                            N
                                                          •  etworks people within community built
                                                            N
                                                            by Teague
                                                          •  llows community to contribute and share
                                                            A
                                                            ideas with Teague




     A blog site could happen immediately to attract interest from a community. An internal Hero at
     Teague brings enthusiasm to community by reporting about events outside the design community.
     This helps create a community around the opinions and experiences of the Hero. This builds a com-
     munity of people who are interested in learning and people who contribute and add feedback to the
     blog site. In order to gain attraction from blog readers, the Hero networks with other bloggers. Link-
     ing this blog to other blog sites allows other bloggers to talk about Teague and also add links to the
     Teague’s blog.

     An essential part of building this community is the enthusiastic Hero. This person must be actively
     engaged in the community and respond to community members. If community members ask to see
     more of product X, the Hero must respond to the demand in a timely manner and engage in dialogue
     with members.

     As the blog gains popularity, a community slowly forms around the Teague Hero. Participants may
     write feedback and start sharing their own opinions. The website evolves into a social networking
     platform where the community may start their own blogs, share their own projects or share or report
     about events, products and services they have seen.

                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
21
SOLUTION STRATEGIES




     Increase process transparency

     Rapid Feedback Tool
     What it is                                           What it does
     • nternal design tool (widget or internal process
       I                                                  • Gets instant feedback from community
       to gather feedback) for Teague to get feedback
                                                          • Allows designers to ideate quickly
       from community members
                                                          • Co-create with community
     •  ses social networking tools like Facebook,
       U
       twitter or teague created platform to              • Aggregates content from community
       get feedback




     Social networking tools allows Teague to leverage the community during the design process. This is a
     Teague driven process which helps designers to get instant feedback and rapidly iterate based on the
     community input. This tool could be useful at every stage of the design process. Whether it is a deci-
     sion to make or not make a certain product, or if a product should be silver or black. These decisions
     could rapidly be decided by the community.

     This tool would require a change in the Teague designer culture. Being open to criticism by the
     community, selectively acting on certain suggestions and disregard others and changing the design
     process to incorporate this tool are things to consider. This tool can have as great of an influence on
     designers as designers and community members allow. Both deisgn and community members could
     choose to the level of engagement and dialogue they would like to contribute.

     Teague ultimately drives the design process and decides which feedback is relevant for their product
     and what design and research questions they would like to get feedback for from the community.
     This tool may also require a change in confidentiality from the client. How much information can
     Teague disclose to the community?




                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
22
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence

     Teague Academy Extension

     What it is                                          What it does
     • Workshop space                                    • dea generation and testing for
                                                           I
                                                           Teague’s clients
     • Staff / teachers
     • Projects from clients                             • Offers training and resources for hobbyists

     • Access to special tools and software              • Community building

                                                         • Brand building




                               Hack-To-
                               School!




     Expanding on the already-established Teague Academy brand, Teague would work with both
     students and older hobbyists / tinkerers to teach them design and prototyping skills. The students
     would get training through working on real world problems and projects sponsored by Teague
     clients. This would help build both Teague’s brand and their client’s brand among the Open Source
     community. They would also get fresh ideas and concepts from the class.

     An example of this comes from our research where Nike sponsored a sneaker painting class.
     They paid for the supplies and other fees, while in return they were able to promote the upcoming
     release of a shoe for Latino Heritage Month.




                                                                    Design Planning Workshop
                                                                    Spring 2009

                                                                    Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
23
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence

     Open Source Design Competition

     What it is                                           What it does
     • Website for digital competition                    • Brand building
     • Judging by the community                           • Community building
     • Prizes / incentives for contestants                • dea generation and testing for Teague’s 		
                                                            I
                                                            clients
     • Client projects




     Round #

       1
                  2
                         3
                               4
                                                                                               1st


                                    Winner!


     The Open Source Design competition would be similar to other design competitions in that it
     would be open to designers (students and professionals) but also computer and hardware hackers
     and tinkerers. The topics of the competition would be based on actual Teague client projects.

     What makes this competition different is that it would have multiple rounds. At the end of each
     round, each contestant or team would submit their design (physical, digital files, or both) for
     review. At these points, they must work in an open source environment, allowing other people to
     use their designs and work. In turn, they would have access to other contestants’ works to use at
     their disposal. They would also be able to switch projects and work on other teams or projects.

     After 3 to 4 rounds, a winning design would be chosen. However, the winning contestant or team
     would be judged not only by their final design, but a combination of design skills, contribution to
     other projects, and openness of process. This would encourage an open source environment of
     knowledge sharing.




                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
24
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence

     IdeaFest

     What it is                                           What it does
     • space to host event                                •  rovides a social environment for designers 	
                                                            p
                                                            and tinkerers to interact
     •  taff to organize logistics
       s
                                                          •  ponsors contests and events where 		
                                                            s
     • co-sponsors
                                                            people can show off their skills and work
     • marketing to communities and organizations
                                                          • makes Teague a destination
     • event themes
     • prizes, cocktails, music...




     Events are central to all communities and community ecosystems. They provide challenges for
     members to work towards, venues to show work that’s been done and a forum to draw in new
     members. IdeaFest positions Teague at the center of community events. Teague would host events,
     inviting specific communities and/or those engaged in the Teague online community. IdeaFest will
     have tinker-tables where people can experiment with new technology and ideas, quickfire challenges
     along the lines of cut-copy where people pit their rapid prototyping skills against each other in a live
     forum, and showcases where individuals and groups (co-sponsors) can display what they’ve been
     working on.

     IdeaFest benefits Teague by engaging designers with with people outside the design community
     to get a fresh perspective and feedback on specific concepts placed in the tinker tent or quickfire
     challenge. Up front costs to set up and publicize the event can be offset by charging to attend, enter
     the quickfire challenge, or co-sponsor showcase space. Non-monetary compensation comes in the
     form of ideas, publicity which puts Teague in the center of buzz around new ideas, direct feedback on
     current prototypes and the ability to identify and build relationships with community heroes.

     For community members, the IdeaFest is a place to exhibit work, learn from others and establish
     themselves within the community.



                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
25
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



                Work with community heros

                Hero Subscription

                What it is:                                           What it does:
                * Online site                                         *  rovides forum for industry leaders and com-
                                                                        P
                                                                        munity members to showcase work
                * Community forum
                                                                      * Offers insight into tinkering process
                * Online video subscription service
                                                                      * Facilitates learning and information sharing
                * Data tracking system
                                                                      •  racks subscriptions demands to determine
                                                                        T
                                                                        market trends and user behavior




                                                                     area of community overlap




                                sneaker community                                                     Hero who has
                                                                                                      garnered attention of
                                                                                                      various communities




     chair design community                           comic book community




                As tinkering and customizing become more pervasive, the ways in which people explore their own
                ideas and execute on them grow more varied. Contributing in large part to the creative process is the
                interest to draw inspiration from multiple sources and domains. In other words, car tinkers are not
                merely looking to other car designers for inspiration, but rather referring to other fields like furniture
                and accessories design for fresh design perspectives.

                The Hero Subscription has two main functions: (1) to provide a forum where hero tinkerers can
                share their ideas and processes with the public and (2) to draw connections between seemingly
                disparate project areas to determine how to source fresh ideas. Teague’s role is to support and man-
                age online space where the public can come to preview/ subscribe to videos of heroes at work. Over
                time, Teague would be able analyze subscription behavior to discern emerging trends and inconspicu-
                ous links connecting areas of interest. Teague could then draw from these data points to devise a
                research and design plan for future projects.



                                                                                   Design Planning Workshop
                                                                                   Spring 2009

                                                                                   Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
26
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Work with community heros

     Hero Co-branding

     What it is:                                          What it does:
     * Brand development business model                   •  acilitates short-term projects between
                                                            F
                                                            company and community hero
     * Short-term partnerships
                                                          •  uilds brand recognition
                                                            B
     * Event-based collaborations
                                                          • dentifies community heroes for business
                                                            I
                                                            venture and product development
                                                          • Leverage seasonal and project-based events




     The short-term nature of seasonal events, such as holidays and annual observances, offers unique
     opportunities for collaborative as it provides clear time constraints and boundaries for projects. Un-
     like freelance work where the project area may have existed before the freelancer arrives and will
     continue to exist after the freelancer leaves, event-based collaborations are designed to allow col-
     laborators to be a part of the entire life-cylce of a project. Hero Co-branding projects are short-term
     engagements between Teague and community heroes where heroes benefit from the resources and
     reputation of the Teague company and Teague benefits from the credibility and talent of the hero.
     More specifically, Hero Co-branding is about leveraging the brand of Teague with the brand of the
     hero via short-term, highly publicized, event-based collaborations.

     With the advent of Hero Subscriptions and IdeaFest, Teague can follow closely as community
     heroes emerge and capture the attention and loyalty of tinkerers and community customizers, Teague
     will be well positioned to partner with rising heroes and subsequently achieve access into communi-
     ties that may have remained untapped or remote.

     An example of a Hero Co-branding project:

     Teague facilitates a short-term partnership between client, Hewlett Packard and graffiti artist, Mr.
     Spray, to create limited edition laptop skins. Leading up the launch/ during launch of new product, Mr.
     Spray exhibits his artistry via an HP-sponsored public event where a handful of limited edition laptops
     are designed on the spot and pre-sold.


                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
27
SOLUTION STRATEGIES



     Become a place where new ideas go

     Teague Hacker Haus

     What it is                                         What it does
     • Workshop space                                   • Offers workspace for members
     • Access to special tools and software             •  rovides an open forum between Teague 	
                                                          P
                                                          and tinkerers and hackers
     • Publicity materials
                                                        • dea generation and testing for Teague’s 		
                                                          I
     • Prototypes for tinkering
                                                          clients
     • Teague touch-point
                                                        •  rovides a physical space for members to
                                                          P
                                                          gather and socialize




     Hacker Haus is a physical place for tinkerers and Open Source hackers to hone their craft. The
     Hacker Haus would have a membership structure that would allow new people to drop in and learn
     new skills while providing more experienced member access to tools and resources that they do
     not have. Members could work on their own projects while Teague would have floor projects spon-
     sored by their clients that members could also work on. This would allow testing of new concepts
     and ideas from unconventional sources while getting real-time feedback.

     Also, the Hacker Haus would be a physical gethering space that allows members to socialize. This
     would help establish Teague as not only a member of the Open Source community, but a leader in
     bringing Open Source ideas and thinking into new projects and business solutions.




                                                                    Design Planning Workshop
                                                                    Spring 2009

                                                                    Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
28
ROADMAP


                         Roadmap

                         How Teague Can Plan and Manage this Co-Creation Strategy




                                                                        Hacker Haus
     Range of Probable
               Futures


                                                                          Hero Subscription



                                                    Design Com-
                                                    petition
                                                                   IdeaFest
        Known Set of
      Possible Futures
                                                        Co-brand                                               Big Payoff

                                                                               Teague Academy
                                               Rapid Feed-                     Extension
                                               back Tool

                                                                                                               Medium Payoff
          Clear Future
                                         Community
                                         Web Presence
                                                                                                               Small Payoff

                              Near Term              Mid Term                 Long Term
                              3 Months           3 Months - 1 Year            1 Year+


                         •  log / Web
                           B                    • Hero Subscription      • Hacker Haus
                           Presence
                                                •  o-brand with
                                                  C                      •  eague Academy
                                                                           T
                         •  apid Prototype
                           R                      Heroes                   Extension
                           Tool
                                                •  pen Source Design
                                                  O
                                                  Competition

                                                • IdeaFest




                                                                                      Design Planning Workshop
                                                                                      Spring 2009

                                                                                      Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong
29

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Opensource r eportv2

  • 1. Understanding Communities Research and design directions exploring how to effectively work with communities to develop and vet new ideas. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 1
  • 2. Table of Contents Report Overview............................................................................................3 What we set out to do and what we found The Open Source Landscape.........................................................................4 – 6 Secondary research into the evolution of Open Source, the communities that work on projects and business models around Open Source Community Creation and Companies. ...........................................................7 – 9 . The ways companies and communities can work together and our research direction exploring how communities and Teague can work together Research Methodology and Community Findings.........................................10–13 . We talked to community members in the shoe and car industries and developed understanding about the organization of communities Design Principles............................................................................................14–19 Key principles when designing for communities Solution Strategies.........................................................................................20–28 How Teague can address community needs while meeting its own business objectives Road Map.......................................................................................................29 Framing solutions opportunity space, time horizon, and certainty Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 2
  • 3. THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE REPORT OVERVIEW Report Overview After conducting research into Open Source and customizing communities and identifying their needs, we developed a portfolio of solutions that allow Teague to tap into community knowl- edge and work Teague is a design consultancy firm that was founded in 1926. Through its history, it has be- come a leader in aviation design and industrial design in the consumer electronics and life- style products industry. Realizing the need to stay competitive in an industry that is becoming commoditized by offshore manufacturing and labor, as well as shorter product lifecycles and increasing marketing costs, Teague saw potential in the growing popularity of Open Source Hardware (OSH). Our goal was to develop a portfolio of options of how Teague could capitalize on OSH development, and what types of revenue streams were possible. Through our initial research we soon found that OSH was very similar to Open Source Software development in ideology, but very different because of the nature of physical production of artifacts. We also identified a typology of OS business models that Teague could pursue: Traditional OS, Commercial OS, Product Co-Creation, and Platform develop- ment. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses with Teague, we were able to focus our research on what would benefit Teague the most--Product Co-Creation. Co-Creation is a way to identify trends of users, get rapid feedback during design, and get user validation during development and testing. To understand Co-Creation, we looked at not just the Open Source Community, but other industries and communities that support and benefit from the work of members. We were also interested in how these communities are built and supported through its members because they are not usually officially formed and sanctioned, but rather built around hobbyists and enthusiasts very much like the Open Source Community. We also looked at customization, the people who do it and support it to understand why people modify products and what benefits the get from it. From our research in areas such as car enthusiasts and sneaker customization, we were able to identify unmet needs of hobbyists and customizers, and develop design principles for a system that would develop and support an Open Source Hardware community. Initial concepts were developed around these principles. We then filtered the concepts based on Teague’s needs, objectives, and capabilities. The final concept solutions ranged from Teague creating a blog and web presence among Open Source Hardware hackers, to creating live events and competition for community members, to creat- ing physical workshops for tinkerers and hobbyists to join and share work space while socializing. The concepts were then given an implementation strategy starting with the web presence based on the need and Teague’s capabilities in interaction design. The final step in the process would be the cre- ation of the physical workshops, or Hacker Hauses. The entire process should be done within a time span of less than 2 years however because of the fast paced nature of Open Source. We believe this portfolio of options will not only make Teague a member, but also a leader in the Open Source community. This in turn will lead to quicker trend spotting, faster development time, and better user feedback. This will make Teague a sought after firm for companies wanting to create products and services that people want to use. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 3
  • 4. THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE Open Source + Teague As the Open Source movement expands, how can Teague utilized these communities within its development process? “Open Source” generally refers to a free and open approach to the design, development, and distribution of a product. The end goal of an open source product is to give the user information about a product to adapt the product fit their need, whether it is an individual user, or community of users. New products are shared with the community alongside the underlying code or specs so other users can continue the cycle of modification. Open Source used to be primarily a tool of computer scientists at academic institutions, but in recent years has seen its scope expand beyond these communities. Open Source software, with Linux as the flag bearer, have become businesses unto themselves. Code that has been developed and refined by the community, is packaged with customer support and sold to outside organizations. These companies find themselves the beneficiary of not only well-engineered solution, but also with a new set of end-customers in the developer community. Open Source exists because of innovations that allowed collaboration to scale across geogra- phies, companies and industries. Open Source is a formalization of collaboration. While it used to be that we could only collaborate with coworkers at work and friends at home, innovations in methods of communication and support for development of ideas have allowed collaboration to develop into businesses. The internet, the de- velopment of GPL (General Public Licenses), which protect open/collaborative work from being later patented, and the advent of companies that provided user support and know-how about Open Source products have extended the reach of Open Source software. While small batch manufacturing, has facilitated the evolution of Open Source from software to product development. Internet Legal Protection User Support Small Batch Manufacturing Individuals GPL and creative This skin around Increases in global manufacturing were able to commons licensing the Open Source capacity, have brought down the cost connect and allowed businesses community, allows to fabricate designs so individuals share ideas to utilize the advan- community devel- can now design and make their own across geog- tages of open source opment to be used products. raphies. without worry of by a non-developer placing themselves at end market. a competitive disad- open source hardware vantage. open source business models collaboration across organizations communities of collaborators collaboration within your personal network Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 4
  • 5. THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE Understanding the OS community Most projects aren’t worked on, those that are aren’t worked on by many. The idea of open source software is commonly regarded a production of a community of developers, but open source projects tend to be developed by small groups of individuals. One might also think that the more complex a project gets the more developers there are involved. In fact, there is no meaningful correlation between the size of the project and the number of developers. A larger project doesn’t require more developers. number of number of projects projects active unchanged in last 6 1 2-3 4-10 11- 20 >20 months number of people working on project Data was taken from an analysis of 400 open source projects from the FreashMeat portal which was published in IEEE journal in 2003. The data gathered was from 2001 . For communities to succeed, problems must have distinct modules that can worked on separately. In a community of open source contributors, the key is to ensure an architecture that allows for customers and other self-interested users of the software to easily contribute pieces without having to sift through the whole project. The architecture of codebase is a critical factor with all open source software projects. Modularity and option values are important factors within the architecture of open source software. They allow developers with appropriate skills and training to make early, informed decisions and encourage the evolution of the open source project. Modularity allows developers to tweak the code for their own benefit. Developers are “able to make small extensions without having to upset the balance of the larger project.” It allows code to evolve incrementally and lowers the barriers of entry by new developers by making it more approachable. Modularity encourages a community to elicit contributions based on the community’s natural reciproc- ity, altruism and a wish to be affiliated. It also allows many contributors to be recognized for their Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 5
  • 6. THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE Open Source business models There are existing business models that tap into the Open Source community. the customer the product the value propsition Aggregate a kit developers component parts Customer gets every- of parts thing needed to make a product in one stop. Customer gets recom- mended/high quality parts. Center of the universe non-developers, espe- advice on how to use Customer gets a consulting cially larger companies community generated usable version of a products higher quality product and help deploying the changes as they are developed in the com- munity. Prepare for rapid developers and non- Open Source products The company will in- change developers variably face knock-off challengers. By being open at the onset, the company reduces the market for knock-off and benefits from the innovation within the communities. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 6
  • 7. COMMUNITY CREATION AND COMPANIES Collaborative business models Stepping back from our original scope, we looked at the value from and questions about varying types of user involvement in the creative process Traditional Open Source example: linksys Company utilizes open source technology developed in communi- open source Other ties (might be company community Teague Companies managed but are not company directed). By using open source, the company gains prestige within the developer/ open source community paying and increases sales to consumers this community. Product (users) is sold into the mass free developers market, but without a (makers/users) How do you monitor and use open perceived competitive advantage (open source source technology to create better/ doesn’t matter to these more appealing products for the devel- people). oper and non-developer community? Commercial Open Source example: red hat The company manages an open source com- munity, taking an ac- open source Other tive role in presenting community Teague Companies projects and guiding the community. These projects are packaged (with service offerings, or increased usability) to be sold into a mass paying audience. consumers (users) free developers (makers/users) How do you manage a community to get useful insights and components of products relevant to a non-developer community? Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 7
  • 8. COMMUNITY CREATION AND COMPANIES Collaborative business models Co-creation example: Lego A dynamic relationship between producer and consumer where Teague a company engages consumer and produc- tion and/or distribution ideas of goods services and values. paying consumers How do you involve your end users (users) and/or business partners to contribute to the development of products? Platform example: iPhone Company creates usable product that is sold into the market. other Teague Information about this companies product is released to allow other individu- als and companies to develop complimen- tary products. Product brand is enhanced by the ability to custom- ize with these external free developers products. (makers/users) paying consumers (users) How do you create products that allow individuals and companies to add on to the offering, creating a richer brand and product experience through developments external to the company? Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 8
  • 9. THE OPEN SOURCE LANDSCAPE Co-Creation + Teague Teague is interested in how to tap into the knowledge, work and trends in the developer/tinkering community Each of the collaborative business models has an area of intersection between Teague and the developer/tinkering community. In talks with Teague, it was clear that it was the nature of these intersections, not the specifics of Open Source, which were of the greatest value to the firm. Rather than providing specifics of a business model, our research looks at the nature of how companies can locate, work with and utilize the knowledge of communities and individuals. community Teague free developers (makers/users) Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 9
  • 10. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS New Research Direction Examining Open Source as Customization and Co-Creation After talking with Teague and reframing Open Source as a form of co-creation, we decided to focus our research on the biggest and most well-known form which is customization. We wanted to know who customizers were, who they customized things for, and what motivated them to customize things. We also saw that it was important to understand the communities that get behind customization of products, as they were the people who made large open source projects not only possible, but kept the projects going throughout different communities. It was necessary to research what motivated these communities and not just individual customizers, and understand how they functioned as a group with common goals as well as individual goals. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 10
  • 11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS Understanding the Community Research Methodology Focusing on the Entire Spectrum of Community Participants In order to understand not just the community and how it interacts within, and how it represents itself to the outside world, we wanted to talk to people at all points of the spectrum. This lead us to those who were at the center of their group, or the hardcore participants, to the people who are on the fringes, those who liked the community but didn’t necessarily associate with it entirely. This lead us to create a model of community interaction that helped us understand the members and the roles they played within the community. It also helped us identify those we wanted to interview for our primary research. Members’ Roles and Participation Structure the Community Architecture The Hero These are individuals who stand out within their groups. Their work is not only representative of the community, but is also influential and emulated by the subcommunity. The Subcommunity These are active members within the community who help support it and make it grow. They specialize in their specific group and often socialize (both physical and virtual) in order for the group to sustain itself and gain new members. The Lifestyle Ecosystem Although these are not integral members of the group, they are an essential part of the community. They serve as a gateway of information and education for those without existing resources to join the community and provide a wider audience for mem- bers to show off their work. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 11
  • 12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS Research Participants Miguel: Hero Sneaker customizer, former graffiti artist Ben: Subcommunity Member Car enthusiast / customizer Nikhil: Subcommunity Member Car enthusiast / customizer / designer Marilee: Lifestyle Ecosystem Member Worked for car enthusiast magazine Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 12
  • 13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND COMMUNITY FINDINGS Understanding the Community Community Overlaps and Intersections Spread Knowledge and Influence From our research, we were able to see how ideas and trends flow from one community to another. As influence from the Heroes spreads out to the Lifestyle members, these Lifestyle members also belong to different Lifestyle communities. As trends rise and fall, these members pass the trends along their individual communities as well, spreading influence up to those with Hero status. We believe this intersection is where innovations happen as communities influence each other and pass trends along to different communities. We feel that if Teague can help build and maintain a community of Open Source Hardware hackers and tinkerers, they will also be able to spot rising trends from across different industries, communi- ties, and cultures. Teague will then have an advantage as a trend spotter, but would also have the ability to tap into these different communities through their own influence within the Open Source Hardware community. Example of trend and information flows across different communities with shared members Skateboard Community Sneaker Community Graffiti Community Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 13
  • 14. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Design Principles Our primary and secondary research identified needs, objectives, activities and breakdowns that clustered into nine principles when designing for a community. • Provide a place for community members to display work • Provide ease of entry for different skill levels • Provide people with acess to resources and tools • Offer opportunities for education and growth • Offer compensation to members for work used • Appeal to wider ecosystem • Have a way of showing membership ad identity • Have transparent process • Value the community and past accomplishments Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 14
  • 15. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Provide a place for community members to display work A solution should allow customizes to showcase their work and exhibit contributions along side the contributors. Members add value to the community through their specials skills, knowledge and abili- ties. The platform to display work should be both virtual and physical forums and should allow the cre- ator to interact with the audience during the process. Providing a way for people to exchange ideas and to validate each others ideas helps the community build their skills and continue learning. For our research: • ommunity members want to be famous. “....not that they wouldn’t want recognition for them- C selves. i think they’d all want to be famous...just like painting and works of art get known” – Marilee • dentifying the good people through the community and learning from them. ”Through the com- I munity...you figure out who’s the good mechanic...like anyone does in a social network you figure out who the good people are and learn from them...now that there’s the internet it’s a lot easier... specialty publications...doing whatever you do to learn about your car and keep it operating...it’s informal.” – Marilee • embers need the community to validate and appreciate their work “i don’t think you can do car M stuff by yourself. If you don’t have a community around you that appreciates the inordinate amount of time you spend on your vehicle...” –Marilee Provide ease of entry for different skill levels A solution should allow members of different skill levels to enter into community activities and educate all levels of contributors. Exploring different possibilities and ideas are important to the skill development of a community. The solution should provide a way for people to find out about new things and build on existing knowledge whether they are a novice or an expert. It should have no or low cost of entry. For our research: • xperimenting and exploring involved in customizations, especially when there is little previous E knowledge “trial and error and a lot of error”- Nikhil • ustomizing begins with casual exploration. People don’t always start out customizing with the goal C of customizing, it’s more of an ends to a mean. He got started by making a pair for his brother, then his kids. It snowballed after that –Miguel • kill and ability limitations make it difficult for anybody to customize things, people without technical S skills and craftsmanship may not participate- Miguel • eed to offer different levels of involvement to draw in those who might not have the resources or N knowledge to be a core community member. –Marilee Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 15
  • 16. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Provide people with acess to resources and tools A solution should provide access to tinker-friendly things. With new technologies stifling the ability to tinker, it is important for the community to have access to new technologies and tools. This enables members to discover new skills and build on there previous knowledge. Providing a wide range of options, from the low tech tools to tools for the highly skilled tinkerer also helps community member to develop skills and learn from each other. For our research: • ompanies bringing resources to the community. ”Nike provided materials, stipends” - Miguel C • he knowledge necessary to tinker needs to be easily available” ...they [old cars] are cars that T people can work on...it’s specialied knowledge but it’s not inaccessible”-Marilee • he car industry is evolving in a way that prevents access by a tinkering community- “they taught T [auto repair] in my high school...but where do you go to learn that? the cars that they build are all computerized...there’s no connection...you really have to have a level of expertise that is uncom- mon”- Marilee • You would have to invest in more equipment. You have to buy all the computer, the equipment to “ diagnose... Can’t do as much with a new car these days”- Ben Offer opportunities for education and growth A solution should provide members with opportunities for educational growth to achieve profes- sional and personal goals. Emerging talent often arises out of creative communities and those talents should be recognized and given opportunities for professional growth. Communities value learning and skill development, therefore a solution should provide resources and tools that help members grow as an individual. For our research: • neaker designers who submit ideas online have a “naïve hope” that they will get recognized for S their work and get hired by a company – Miguel • embers need the community to get information about resources. “If you’re not part of a commu- M nity you don’t know...where to get parts” – Marilee Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 16
  • 17. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Offer compensation to members for work used A solution should recognize that compensation for ideas can be realized in terms beyond financial reward. Other forms of compensation include the opportunity to network and build close bonds with colleagues and friends, access to education and resources, and publicity. Receiving credit and recog- nition for individual accomplishments is integral to the co-creation process. For our research: • I think they’d [tinkerers] all want to be famous, just like [creators of] paintings and works of art get “ known.” –Marile • It’s about being around your friends and family, working on it together. You can meet up together “ and work on your car. Like ‘Ben just got new sonar heads for his car, let’s get a 12 pack of beer and work on it.’” –Ben Appeal to wider ecosystem A solution should transcend the product or project and consider the over-arching value system and ecosystem supporting a project area. A solution should acknowledge the various inspiration sources of an idea, as many customizations are throw-backs and references to prior art. Additionally, a solution should recognize that needs and preferences of customizers are dynamic and ever-changing for; what is relevant today, may not be tomorrow. For our research: • It [my choices] represents a different time in my life now, I’m kind of moving on from it, like, I “ want to get a Vespa. I was living in the suburbs. I was driving around a whole lot. There was a different culture around it too, your car meat a lot more to you, cause that’s how you connected to your friends. You really couldn’t get over to anyone’s house without a car. You couldn’t get to school. Here I could take public transportation all over the place.” –Ben • There are a lot of semantic clues, themes, metaphors and analogies you can take from other prod- “ ucts and use in your professional life.”–Nikhil • Customization is a lifestyle, not necessarily specific to a certain product.”–Miguel “ • For example, a doorknob. I may be searching for a casing for my speedometer and “ use that doorknob.” –Nikhil Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 17
  • 18. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Have a way of showing membership add identity Creators identify with subtle cues and latent messaging that says “I am a part of this group.” Therefore, a solution should consider the social and cultural forces that culminate in in-the-know language (lingo) or physical representations (ex. car customizers’ greasy fingers) that convey group membership. For our research: • The great thing about customizing shoes is that the only limitations is the “ person’s ability.” – Miguel • [Customization] is done for a single user, completely against fundamentals of mass “ production. It’s not about one product being created for all.” – Nikhil Have transparent process A solution should direct contributors through the process of sharing work, ranging from how to share, with whom to share, to the result of sharing. Put simply, a solution should make contributors and “borrowers” feel in control of and educated about the idea-sharing process. For our research: • Middle or end users / clients need information as to why customizing is important or how it can “ help their business.” –Miguel • “Established business models may be hard to break.” –Miguel Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 18
  • 19. DESIGN PRINCIPLES Value the community and past accomplishments A solution should honor the spirit and essence of references and honor the authenticity of past ac- complishments. A solution should align with brand and community values and attributes to create products that harness and maintain a community’s sincere and deep-rooted interests. For our research: • Performance wise it was great. Aesthetically like the trying to make it look like the old mustang I “ know some people like it. I didn’t like it”–Ben • “The ideas of the enthusiast community are too fringe for the needs of the mass market.” –Marilee • Companies scour forums and use online ideas, turn out a watered-down version of “ the product.” –Miguel Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 19
  • 20. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Solution Strategies Increase process transparency Teague must open up its own creative process to allow outsiders to contribute and understand the methodology Teague uses. This necessary first step lays a foundation for credibility within the open source community and begins to build channels to outside communities. Community Presence Rapid Feedback Tool Expand Teague’s network of influence Teague begins to open temporary forums for specific contribution from outside. Structured as short- term projects, Teague offers education, access to resources, notoriety and prizes to the community in exchange for work and ideas Teague Academy Exptension Design Competition IdeaFest Work with community heros Because Teague has developed inroads into various communities, heros can be identified with and their role can be used to develop products, and used to help identify intersections of communities that indicate future trend direction Co-Brand Hero Subscription Become a place where new ideas go By opening a physical space, with tiered access to resources, Teague becomes the place where the community can meet, develop and share ideas putting Teague always on the forefront HackerHaus Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 20
  • 21. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Increase process transparency Community Web Presence: Beginning with Blog What it is What it does • Internal Teague Hero writes blog • Promotes Teague • Self promotion outside of design community • uilds community around Teague Hero B and ideas • ommunity “myspace-like” platform for C displaying personal work and networking • etwork with other bloggers and communities N • etworks people within community built N by Teague • llows community to contribute and share A ideas with Teague A blog site could happen immediately to attract interest from a community. An internal Hero at Teague brings enthusiasm to community by reporting about events outside the design community. This helps create a community around the opinions and experiences of the Hero. This builds a com- munity of people who are interested in learning and people who contribute and add feedback to the blog site. In order to gain attraction from blog readers, the Hero networks with other bloggers. Link- ing this blog to other blog sites allows other bloggers to talk about Teague and also add links to the Teague’s blog. An essential part of building this community is the enthusiastic Hero. This person must be actively engaged in the community and respond to community members. If community members ask to see more of product X, the Hero must respond to the demand in a timely manner and engage in dialogue with members. As the blog gains popularity, a community slowly forms around the Teague Hero. Participants may write feedback and start sharing their own opinions. The website evolves into a social networking platform where the community may start their own blogs, share their own projects or share or report about events, products and services they have seen. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 21
  • 22. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Increase process transparency Rapid Feedback Tool What it is What it does • nternal design tool (widget or internal process I • Gets instant feedback from community to gather feedback) for Teague to get feedback • Allows designers to ideate quickly from community members • Co-create with community • ses social networking tools like Facebook, U twitter or teague created platform to • Aggregates content from community get feedback Social networking tools allows Teague to leverage the community during the design process. This is a Teague driven process which helps designers to get instant feedback and rapidly iterate based on the community input. This tool could be useful at every stage of the design process. Whether it is a deci- sion to make or not make a certain product, or if a product should be silver or black. These decisions could rapidly be decided by the community. This tool would require a change in the Teague designer culture. Being open to criticism by the community, selectively acting on certain suggestions and disregard others and changing the design process to incorporate this tool are things to consider. This tool can have as great of an influence on designers as designers and community members allow. Both deisgn and community members could choose to the level of engagement and dialogue they would like to contribute. Teague ultimately drives the design process and decides which feedback is relevant for their product and what design and research questions they would like to get feedback for from the community. This tool may also require a change in confidentiality from the client. How much information can Teague disclose to the community? Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 22
  • 23. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence Teague Academy Extension What it is What it does • Workshop space • dea generation and testing for I Teague’s clients • Staff / teachers • Projects from clients • Offers training and resources for hobbyists • Access to special tools and software • Community building • Brand building Hack-To- School! Expanding on the already-established Teague Academy brand, Teague would work with both students and older hobbyists / tinkerers to teach them design and prototyping skills. The students would get training through working on real world problems and projects sponsored by Teague clients. This would help build both Teague’s brand and their client’s brand among the Open Source community. They would also get fresh ideas and concepts from the class. An example of this comes from our research where Nike sponsored a sneaker painting class. They paid for the supplies and other fees, while in return they were able to promote the upcoming release of a shoe for Latino Heritage Month. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 23
  • 24. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence Open Source Design Competition What it is What it does • Website for digital competition • Brand building • Judging by the community • Community building • Prizes / incentives for contestants • dea generation and testing for Teague’s I clients • Client projects Round # 1 2 3 4 1st Winner! The Open Source Design competition would be similar to other design competitions in that it would be open to designers (students and professionals) but also computer and hardware hackers and tinkerers. The topics of the competition would be based on actual Teague client projects. What makes this competition different is that it would have multiple rounds. At the end of each round, each contestant or team would submit their design (physical, digital files, or both) for review. At these points, they must work in an open source environment, allowing other people to use their designs and work. In turn, they would have access to other contestants’ works to use at their disposal. They would also be able to switch projects and work on other teams or projects. After 3 to 4 rounds, a winning design would be chosen. However, the winning contestant or team would be judged not only by their final design, but a combination of design skills, contribution to other projects, and openness of process. This would encourage an open source environment of knowledge sharing. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 24
  • 25. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Expanding Teague’s Network of Influence IdeaFest What it is What it does • space to host event • rovides a social environment for designers p and tinkerers to interact • taff to organize logistics s • ponsors contests and events where s • co-sponsors people can show off their skills and work • marketing to communities and organizations • makes Teague a destination • event themes • prizes, cocktails, music... Events are central to all communities and community ecosystems. They provide challenges for members to work towards, venues to show work that’s been done and a forum to draw in new members. IdeaFest positions Teague at the center of community events. Teague would host events, inviting specific communities and/or those engaged in the Teague online community. IdeaFest will have tinker-tables where people can experiment with new technology and ideas, quickfire challenges along the lines of cut-copy where people pit their rapid prototyping skills against each other in a live forum, and showcases where individuals and groups (co-sponsors) can display what they’ve been working on. IdeaFest benefits Teague by engaging designers with with people outside the design community to get a fresh perspective and feedback on specific concepts placed in the tinker tent or quickfire challenge. Up front costs to set up and publicize the event can be offset by charging to attend, enter the quickfire challenge, or co-sponsor showcase space. Non-monetary compensation comes in the form of ideas, publicity which puts Teague in the center of buzz around new ideas, direct feedback on current prototypes and the ability to identify and build relationships with community heroes. For community members, the IdeaFest is a place to exhibit work, learn from others and establish themselves within the community. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 25
  • 26. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Work with community heros Hero Subscription What it is: What it does: * Online site * rovides forum for industry leaders and com- P munity members to showcase work * Community forum * Offers insight into tinkering process * Online video subscription service * Facilitates learning and information sharing * Data tracking system • racks subscriptions demands to determine T market trends and user behavior area of community overlap sneaker community Hero who has garnered attention of various communities chair design community comic book community As tinkering and customizing become more pervasive, the ways in which people explore their own ideas and execute on them grow more varied. Contributing in large part to the creative process is the interest to draw inspiration from multiple sources and domains. In other words, car tinkers are not merely looking to other car designers for inspiration, but rather referring to other fields like furniture and accessories design for fresh design perspectives. The Hero Subscription has two main functions: (1) to provide a forum where hero tinkerers can share their ideas and processes with the public and (2) to draw connections between seemingly disparate project areas to determine how to source fresh ideas. Teague’s role is to support and man- age online space where the public can come to preview/ subscribe to videos of heroes at work. Over time, Teague would be able analyze subscription behavior to discern emerging trends and inconspicu- ous links connecting areas of interest. Teague could then draw from these data points to devise a research and design plan for future projects. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 26
  • 27. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Work with community heros Hero Co-branding What it is: What it does: * Brand development business model • acilitates short-term projects between F company and community hero * Short-term partnerships • uilds brand recognition B * Event-based collaborations • dentifies community heroes for business I venture and product development • Leverage seasonal and project-based events The short-term nature of seasonal events, such as holidays and annual observances, offers unique opportunities for collaborative as it provides clear time constraints and boundaries for projects. Un- like freelance work where the project area may have existed before the freelancer arrives and will continue to exist after the freelancer leaves, event-based collaborations are designed to allow col- laborators to be a part of the entire life-cylce of a project. Hero Co-branding projects are short-term engagements between Teague and community heroes where heroes benefit from the resources and reputation of the Teague company and Teague benefits from the credibility and talent of the hero. More specifically, Hero Co-branding is about leveraging the brand of Teague with the brand of the hero via short-term, highly publicized, event-based collaborations. With the advent of Hero Subscriptions and IdeaFest, Teague can follow closely as community heroes emerge and capture the attention and loyalty of tinkerers and community customizers, Teague will be well positioned to partner with rising heroes and subsequently achieve access into communi- ties that may have remained untapped or remote. An example of a Hero Co-branding project: Teague facilitates a short-term partnership between client, Hewlett Packard and graffiti artist, Mr. Spray, to create limited edition laptop skins. Leading up the launch/ during launch of new product, Mr. Spray exhibits his artistry via an HP-sponsored public event where a handful of limited edition laptops are designed on the spot and pre-sold. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 27
  • 28. SOLUTION STRATEGIES Become a place where new ideas go Teague Hacker Haus What it is What it does • Workshop space • Offers workspace for members • Access to special tools and software • rovides an open forum between Teague P and tinkerers and hackers • Publicity materials • dea generation and testing for Teague’s I • Prototypes for tinkering clients • Teague touch-point • rovides a physical space for members to P gather and socialize Hacker Haus is a physical place for tinkerers and Open Source hackers to hone their craft. The Hacker Haus would have a membership structure that would allow new people to drop in and learn new skills while providing more experienced member access to tools and resources that they do not have. Members could work on their own projects while Teague would have floor projects spon- sored by their clients that members could also work on. This would allow testing of new concepts and ideas from unconventional sources while getting real-time feedback. Also, the Hacker Haus would be a physical gethering space that allows members to socialize. This would help establish Teague as not only a member of the Open Source community, but a leader in bringing Open Source ideas and thinking into new projects and business solutions. Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 28
  • 29. ROADMAP Roadmap How Teague Can Plan and Manage this Co-Creation Strategy Hacker Haus Range of Probable Futures Hero Subscription Design Com- petition IdeaFest Known Set of Possible Futures Co-brand Big Payoff Teague Academy Rapid Feed- Extension back Tool Medium Payoff Clear Future Community Web Presence Small Payoff Near Term Mid Term Long Term 3 Months 3 Months - 1 Year 1 Year+ • log / Web B • Hero Subscription • Hacker Haus Presence • o-brand with C • eague Academy T • apid Prototype R Heroes Extension Tool • pen Source Design O Competition • IdeaFest Design Planning Workshop Spring 2009 Hintzman :: Knopman :: Mioduszewski :: Vuong 29