WFLMS Shanghai China Gr 6/7 Geography Unit

1. Unit 4 Europe: North, West, and South

2. Chapter 9 Western Central Europe

5. What Are the Main Physical Features?

6. Alps

7. Alps The Alps is the collective name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria in the east, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany, through to France in the west. The word Alps means mountains.

8. Mont Blanc( 勃朗峰 , 白色之山 ) 官方测得 4808.75 米

9. Highest Peak( 最高峰 )

10. Pass( 山口 ) 山口位于 山脊 、 山脉 的通道，又隘口、垭口或鞍部，在有设关卡、城关等军事要塞称为关口或 咽喉点 ，通常为山的缺口、裂口、凹口，处在较低位置，作为翻越山岭的通道，属于行走路线的至高点，这些道路若是必经要道，在 古代 会建造城关、关卡，现今仅在国界才设为检查哨来管控偷渡者。世界上有诸多山口为 旅行 的障碍，关口自古以来属于重要的地理位置，既是贸易通道，也是阻断 战争 、 民族 迁徙 的 屏障 。

11. Massif Central( 中央高原 )

12. the Vosges( 孚日山脉 )

13. Jura( 汝拉 ) Pyrenees( 比利牛斯山脉 )

14. Pyrenees Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Mediterranean in the East, a distance of some 250 miles (402.5km), the mountains of the Pyrenees form a natural barrier between Spain and the Iberian Peninsula in the south and France in the north.

16. Plains

17. Polder( 围海造田 )

18. Polder Polder: An area of low-lying land, especially in the Netherlands, that has been reclaimed from a body of water and is protected by dikes.

19. Notice the pattern? The purple area was swampland （ 沼泽 ）… and this is where most of the people live today. So how do you make a swamp dry? What about a swamp that is below sea level?

20. What the Dutch did was use the natural dunes along the coasts – and reinforced （ 加固 ） them. This kept the North Sea （ 北海 ） water out…to deal with the inside water they made what are called polders （ 堤坝 ） . It is so effective, that we still use the process it today – This is a diamond mine （ 钻石矿 ） in Canada.

21. Dikes( 堤坝 )

22. Since 1916, the Netherlands has undergone massive coastal protection since the original protection was not enough, In all the places where the ocean meets the land, the dunes have been reinforced or re-built. That’s 415km of coastal protection! Not quite the Great Wall…but not bad.

23. Where the ocean meets the rivers they built barriers （ 障碍 ） . With over 16,500 km of dikes (2,420 km designated as primary dikes and 14,080 km as secondary dikes) and 300 structures, it has been one of the most extensive engineering projects in the world.

24. The Rotterdam （鹿特丹） Storm Barrier – Each side is as high as the Eiffel Tower!

26. What Bodies of Water Exist? Eurasia

27. Biscay North Sea Mediterranean

28. North Sea Oil Field North Sea oil and natural gas were first discovered in the 1960s. The North Sea, however, did not emerge immediately as a key non-OPEC oil producing area until the 1980s and 1990s, when major discoveries began coming online. Oil and natural gas extraction in the North Sea's inhospitable climate - cold and windy - and at great depths requires sophisticated offshore technology.

29. North Sea oil rig While primary oil demand in European Union (EU) countries is projected to increase by 0.4% per year from now to 2030, North Sea output peaked in 1999 and has been on the decline ever since.

30. Europe’s rivers Europe is a well-watered continent with many rivers. Most of the continent's drainage finds its way to the Atlantic Ocean via a number of master river systems, whose watersheds interlock in a most complex manner.

31. Rivers of France 2 1 ： 2 ： 3 ： 4 ： Rhone Seine Garonne Loire

32. Rivers of Germany Rhine 莱茵河 Danube 多瑙河 Elbe 易北河

33. Rhine 莱茵河

34. Rhine River shipping

35. Danube 多瑙河

36. Danube River

37. Danube River Danube River

39. The global ocean circulation system transports heat throughout the planet. White sections represent warm surface currents. Purple sections represent deep cold currents . Great ocean conveyor