1. Chapter # 08Chapter # 7 & 8

3. OVERVIEW
Definition of Pollution
Types of Pollution :
Air Pollution :
a. Introduction c. Effects
b. Causes d. Prevention
Water Pollution :
a. Introduction c. Effects
b. Causes d. Prevention

4. Noise Pollution :
a. Introduction c. Effects
b. Causes d. Prevention
Land Pollution :
a. Introduction c. Effects
b. Causes d. Prevention

5.  When Harmful Substances
Contaminate the Environment it is
Called Pollution.
 Pollution refers to the very bad
condition of environment in terms of
quantity and quality .

6. What is Atmosphere ?
Atmosphere is the life blanket of Earth.
It is therefore essential that we know more
about the atmosphere and the ways in which it
is Polluted.

7.  Air Pollution
Land Pollution
Water Pollution
 Sound Pollution

8. Causes of Air Pollution
Major sources of Air Pollution
- Industries
-Automobiles and Domestic fuels
-High Proportion of undesirable
gases, such as sulphur dioxide and
carbon monoxide

9. Effects of Air Pollution
• Air Pollution
affects???
• Human health
• Animals
• Plants
• The atmosphere as
a whole

10. Yes, we can avoid pollution As Follows
How to Avoid Air Pollution ?
• Use natural Gases, like LPG
autos
• Do not Burst Crackers
• Use less Amount of Fuel for
Vehicles
• Avoid using gas stoves and use
electric stoves
(bio gas)

11. Water, ALLAH’s Valuable Gift

12. Throwing trashes in water.
Throwing low batteries in water, lakes,
and rivers.
The chemicals from factories that might
flow to rivers.

13. Effects of Water Pollution
 Diseases like Cholera
 Malaria
 Typhoid (spread during the rainy season )
 Aquatic life gets destroyed

14. Effects of water pollution
 High blood pressure
 Sleep disturbance
 Color blindness
 Aquatic animals.

15. How to Avoid Water Pollution ?
 Rivers should not be used for washing
clothes or bathing animals in.
 Harvesting of Rainwater to meet water
requirements.
 Dams &embankments must be created.
 The rivers must not be contaminated.
 In sacred river like Ganga the dead bodies
shouldn’t thrown.

16. Sound pollution or environmental noise
is displeasing human or machine
created sound that disrupts the activity
or happiness of human or animal life. A
common form of noise pollution is from
transportation, principally motor
vehicles.

17. Causes of noise pollution
 The main sources of noise pollution
are as follows:-
1. Transportation:-aircraft , trains ,cars
etc...
2. Traffic jams
3. Special events:-loudspeakears

18. Effects of Noise Pollution
 Hearing Loss
 High Blood Pressure
 Stress
 Sleep Disturbance
 Colour Blindness

19. How to Avoid Noise Pollution ?
 The Government should ensure the new
machines that Should be noise proof.
 Air ports must be away from residential
area.
 The Sound horn symbol is to be in School
Roads.

20. Prevention of Noise Pollution
 Pleasant Home
 We need to talk sweetly to others.
 Talk Less Work More.
 Sound affects our ears so loud noise
should be avoided.

21. Definition of Land Pollution
 One fourth of area is covered by land is
Called Land .
 Land is a earth which is occupied by
people for shelter, occupation etc..,

22. Causes of Land Pollution
We can classify major sources that lead to
land following Categories
 Mining and quarrying
 Sewage waste
 Household Garbage
 Industrial Waste

23. Land pollution pictures

24. Effects of Land Pollution
 The Land Cannot be used to construct
house
 Farmers cannot do farming
 Ground water will gets Affected
 Salinisation

25. Prevention of Land Pollution
 More and more land should be brought
under farming
 Trees should be planted everywhere.
 Waste matter should be disposed
immediately
 Avoid drilling the Land for more
underground water.
 Avoid using more fertilizers and
Pesticides.

26. The Carrot Approach to
Pollution Control
 This approach involves offering advice to
companies about pollution and waste to encourage
them to cut back voluntarily. People are needed to
be educated about the Three Rs:
 Reduce: Cut back on amount used and the waste
produced.
 Recycle: Recover waste products and make them
into new material.
 Reuse: Use items again and again (such as
polythene bags and glass bottles).

27.  How Glass can be Reduced and
Recycled

28. Seeking alternatives to fossil
fuels
 Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of air pollution, both
local and global. This suggests that replacing fossil fuels with
clean renewable and sustainable sources of energy would
do the most to reduce pollution in the world.
 Alternative energy sources are as follows;
1. Hydroelectric (hydel) power from fast
flowing water.
2. Wind power using tall turbines driven by
force of the wind.
3. Solar power using tall turbines driven by force of winds.

30. 4. 4. Solar power by using solar panels and PVs (photovoltaic
cells)

31.  5. Geothermal power making use of heat from the ground,
particularly in volcanic areas.

32.  6. Wave power using movement of the sea and breaking
waves.

33.  HEP is the only alternative which is widely being
used.
 It accounts for 6 % of worlds energy consumption and
for about 13% of energy use in Pakistan.
 HYDROELECTRIC POWER
 In Pakistan most of comes from the large northern
dams. Dams are needed for 2 reasons,
1. To provide a store of water for use all year.
2. To provide the force of water needed to drive the
turbines, which produce electricity in the power
station.
 In Pakistan dams are not only build to generate
electricity but there water is also used for irrigation
purposes.
 Water passing through a power station is neither
used up nor contaminated so that can still be used
further south of Pakistan for irrigation and drinking.

34. 
 Dams of Pakistan
1. Terbela dam
2. Mangla dam
3. Rawal dam
4. Gomal dam
5. Warsak dam

35.  Why more alternatives are not being
used?
 They are more expensive than fossil fuels.
 The sun does not shine all the time.
 Strong winds may not blow.
 Many places are not volcanic.
 Nuclear energy is not a completely safe option: a
disaster such as at Chernobyl causes immediate as
well as long lasting damage. The effects of the
radioactivity in surrounding soil and water cause long-
term damage.

36. Pollution is a life killer and It •is true that
Pollution has made some disastrous
effects. Pollution is becoming closer to put
life on the verge of death and It has killed
many lives already. So, as a human, we
should stop pollution and join a program or
project
that involved of Pollution Prevention.