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Chapter 3 “ Scientific Measurement ”
Section 3.1 Measurements and Their Uncertainty ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.1 Measurements and Their Uncertainty ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.1 Measurements and Their Uncertainty ,[object Object],[object Object]
Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Accuracy, Precision, and Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precision and Accuracy Neither accurate nor precise Precise, but not accurate Precise AND accurate
Accuracy, Precision, and Error ,[object Object],[object Object]
Accuracy, Precision, and Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],x 100% % error =
Why Is there Uncertainty? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Significant Figures in Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 3.5  Significant Figures - Page 67 Which measurement is the best? What is the measured value? What is the measured value? What is the measured value?
Rules for Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rules for Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rules for Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rules for Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rules for Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sig Fig Practice #1 How many significant figures in the following? 1.0070 m     5 sig figs 17.10 kg   4 sig figs 100,890 L   5 sig figs 3.29 x 10 3  s   3 sig figs 0.0054 cm   2 sig figs 3,200,000 mL   2 sig figs 5 dogs   unlimited These all come   from some   measurements This is a counted value
Significant Figures in Calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rounding Calculated Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 69 Be sure to answer the question completely!
Rounding Calculated Answers ,[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 70
Rounding Calculated Answers ,[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 71
Rules for Significant Figures in Mathematical Operations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sig Fig Practice #2 3.24 m x 7.0 m Calculation Calculator says: Answer 22.68 m 2 23 m 2 100.0 g ÷ 23.7 cm 3 4.219409283 g/cm 3 4.22 g/cm 3 0.02 cm x 2.371 cm 0.04742 cm 2 0.05 cm 2 710 m ÷ 3.0 s 236.6666667 m/s 240 m/s 1818.2 lb x 3.23 ft 5872.786 lb·ft 5870 lb·ft 1.030 g x 2.87 mL 2.9561 g/mL 2.96 g/mL
Rules for Significant Figures in Mathematical Operations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sig Fig Practice #3 3.24 m + 7.0 m Calculation Calculator says: Answer 10.24 m 10.2 m 100.0 g - 23.73 g 76.27 g 76.3 g 0.02 cm + 2.371 cm 2.391 cm 2.39 cm 713.1 L - 3.872 L 709.228 L 709.2 L 1818.2 lb + 3.37 lb 1821.57 lb 1821.6 lb 2.030 mL - 1.870 mL 0.16 mL 0.160 mL *Note the zero that has been added.
Section 3.2 The International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.2 The International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.2 The International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object]
International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object]
International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Fundamental SI Units   (Le Système International, SI)
Nature of Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Measurement - quantitative observation  consisting of  2 parts :
International System of Units ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Length ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SI Prefixes - Table C Common to Chemistry billionth millionth thousandth hundredth tenth thousand Meaning 10 -6  Micro- 10 -9 n Nano- 10 -3 m Milli- 10 -2 c Centi- 10 -1 d Deci- 10 3 k Kilo- Exponent Unit Abbreviation Prefix
Volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Devices for Measuring Liquid Volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Volume Changes! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Units of Mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Working with Mass ,[object Object],[object Object]
Units of Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Measured with a  thermometer .)
Units of Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 78
Units of Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Units of Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.3  Conversion Problems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.3  Conversion Problems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.3  Conversion Problems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.3  Conversion Problems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conversion factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conversion factors = 100 cm 1 m 100 cm 100 cm
Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm
Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m 1 m 1 m
Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m 1
Conversion factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice by writing the  two possible conversion factors  for the following: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are they good for? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are they good for? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conversion factors ,[object Object],[object Object]
Dimensional Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dimensional Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Converting Between Units ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Converting Between Units ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Converting Complex Units? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 86
Section 3.4 Density ,[object Object],[object Object]
Section 3.4 Density ,[object Object],[object Object]
Density ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Density ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Density  =
- Page 90 Note temperature and density units
Density and Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Density and Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
- Page 91
- Page 92
End of Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement

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Chemistry - Chp 3 - Scientific Measurement - PowerPoint

  • 1. Chapter 3 “ Scientific Measurement ”
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  • 7. Precision and Accuracy Neither accurate nor precise Precise, but not accurate Precise AND accurate
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  • 12. Figure 3.5 Significant Figures - Page 67 Which measurement is the best? What is the measured value? What is the measured value? What is the measured value?
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  • 18. Sig Fig Practice #1 How many significant figures in the following? 1.0070 m  5 sig figs 17.10 kg  4 sig figs 100,890 L  5 sig figs 3.29 x 10 3 s  3 sig figs 0.0054 cm  2 sig figs 3,200,000 mL  2 sig figs 5 dogs  unlimited These all come from some measurements This is a counted value
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  • 21. - Page 69 Be sure to answer the question completely!
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  • 27. Sig Fig Practice #2 3.24 m x 7.0 m Calculation Calculator says: Answer 22.68 m 2 23 m 2 100.0 g ÷ 23.7 cm 3 4.219409283 g/cm 3 4.22 g/cm 3 0.02 cm x 2.371 cm 0.04742 cm 2 0.05 cm 2 710 m ÷ 3.0 s 236.6666667 m/s 240 m/s 1818.2 lb x 3.23 ft 5872.786 lb·ft 5870 lb·ft 1.030 g x 2.87 mL 2.9561 g/mL 2.96 g/mL
  • 28.
  • 29. Sig Fig Practice #3 3.24 m + 7.0 m Calculation Calculator says: Answer 10.24 m 10.2 m 100.0 g - 23.73 g 76.27 g 76.3 g 0.02 cm + 2.371 cm 2.391 cm 2.39 cm 713.1 L - 3.872 L 709.228 L 709.2 L 1818.2 lb + 3.37 lb 1821.57 lb 1821.6 lb 2.030 mL - 1.870 mL 0.16 mL 0.160 mL *Note the zero that has been added.
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  • 35. The Fundamental SI Units (Le Système International, SI)
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  • 39. SI Prefixes - Table C Common to Chemistry billionth millionth thousandth hundredth tenth thousand Meaning 10 -6  Micro- 10 -9 n Nano- 10 -3 m Milli- 10 -2 c Centi- 10 -1 d Deci- 10 3 k Kilo- Exponent Unit Abbreviation Prefix
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  • 55. Conversion factors = 100 cm 1 m 100 cm 100 cm
  • 56. Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm
  • 57. Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m 1 m 1 m
  • 58. Conversion factors 1 1 m = 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m 1
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  • 74. - Page 90 Note temperature and density units
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  • 79. End of Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement

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