School and Youth resource for World AIDS Day
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Presentation for teachers to complement Waverley Care's Youth resources available on our website at the following link: http://www.waverleycare.org/content/schoolsandyouthresources/195/
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School and Youth resource for World AIDS Day
- 5. YES
- 7. YES
- 8. YES
- 11. YES
- 17. NO
- 18. NO
- 23. NO
- 27. YES
- 28. YES
- 31. NO
- 32. less than 1%
- 33. between 5 and 6 thousand
- 34. YES
- 37. World Aids Day schools resources To be used in conjunction with worksheets for pupils – download here: Hannah McT worksheet Cameron P worksheet Other education resources available for download here 2011 www.waverleycare.org Scottish Charity Number SC036500
Notas del editor
- Hannah ‘what if i’m pregnant?’ Sophie ‘not likely if it was only once’ It is possible that Hannah is pregnant even if unsafe sex happened just once. There is no time in the menstrual cycle when there is no risk of pregnancy following intercourse. It’s also possible for Hannah to have contracted Chlamydia, another STI, or even HIV, after having unsafe sex just once. Hannah could access emergency contraception – see quiz question answer for more detail.
- Yes. But when used consistently and correctly, condoms are up to 98% effective.
- Any of these: Check expiry date Check standard mark – British kitemark or European CE mark Ensure packaging is intact Use a condom that fits – they come in many shapes and sizes Open condom carefully – don’t use teeth and be careful of sharp nails and jewellery Put condom on as soon as penis is erect and before it comes into contact with the other person’s genitals Pinch top of condom (teat) to expel air before putting on penis – this creates a space for the semen / cum to collect Use water-based lubricant on the outside of the condom – never use oil-based lube as this will cause the condom to break After sexual intercourse, hold the condom on the penis as it is withdrawn to keep semen / cum inside it Use each condom only once Use one condom at a time (using 2 condoms at once, sometimes called ‘double-bagging’, causes friction and the condoms are likely to break) Female condoms – squeeze inner ring to insert Female condoms – twist before removing to ensure semen stays inside
- The contraceptive pill does not give any protection from STIs (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV. Using condoms is the only way to protect yourself against STIs and HIV if you’re sexually active
- Yes. And the sooner it’s taken, the more effective it will be. Hannah could get emergency contraception from her GP, pharmacy or a local sexual health or family planning clinic. This would be confidential. Emergency contraception (sometimes confusingly called the ‘morning after pill’) can be obtained from doctors, community pharmacies and family planning clinics. It must be taken within 72 hours of having unprotected sex. Also: An Intrauterine Device (IUD) can also be fitted up to five days after having unprotected sex. Both types of emergency contraception offer no protection against sexually transmitted infections.
- ’ i’m ok on the chlamydia front’ Although an STI screen can be offered immediately following condom failure, this may only identify pre-existing infection. An STI screen 2 weeks after condom failure is recommended to allow detection of infections acquired at the time of condom failure. ‘ hiv test - you have to wait’ In general, an HIV test will be offered 12 weeks following condom failure, although the doctor will discuss this with you. I t takes around 12 weeks before the HIV antibodies show up in the blood (t he HIV test looks for antibodies not the virus). ‘ you’d know if you had hiv. you’d be ill’ Most people don’t immediately realise that they have been infected with HIV, and often don’t become ill until several years after they became HIV positive. However, there is a period shortly after HIV infection where a person often has flu-like symptoms for a few days. This is called sero-conversion. The symptoms are so vague that the new HIV infection usually goes unnoticed at this stage. ‘ Anyway people like us don’t catch AIDS’ People catch HIV, not AIDS. And anyone can catch HIV. .
- Yes, almost 90% of people in the UK who are HIV positive contracted HIV through unprotected sex (sex without a condom).
- HIV is the virus that can infect a person – it stands for Human Immunodefiency Virus . HIV is the virus that can cause AIDS. HIV targets the immune system and gradually weakens it. When the immune system weakens to the point where it cannot fight off infections, the person is described as having AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome . The aim of HIV medication is to suppress the HIV virus so that the person never gets to the stage of having AIDS. HIV is an infection that can eventually lead to AIDS, which is the final stage of the HIV infection.
- 3 months later – Hannah is counting the days In general, an HIV test will be offered 12 weeks following condom failure, although the doctor will discuss this with you. I t takes around 12 weeks before the HIV antibodies show up in the blood – this is called the window period. (T he most common HIV test looks for antibodies, not the virus itself). Other tests that detect the presence of HIV directly are available which can usually give accurate results within three weeks of infection. However, not all clinics will offer these tests, and you may have to pay for them if they do. Most HIV tests give the result in around a week, although some places can give results quicker than this. Katie: ‘no point knowing if you’ve got aids anyway - you can’t do anything about it’ You would contract HIV, not AIDS. Although there’s no cure, people living with HIV can take medication to keep the virus under control. These days, people living with HIV can and do live long and relatively healthy lives, although they have to take the medication for the rest of their lives . Sophie : ‘you can take tablets to get rid of it these days’ No, there’s no cure for HIV.
- ‘ that mean you’re immune then?’ No. Getting a negative test result doesn’t mean Hannah is immune, just that she was lucky that time. She and her partner should keep using condoms and ensure they know the most effective ways to use condoms. Hopefully, her boyfriend, Mikey, also went along to get tested.
- No. There’s still no cure for HIV. There’s no vaccine either.
- It’s your responsibility too! Practising safer sex should be the responsibility of both partners.
- Completing an equal opportunities form is not compulsory. Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation is illegal. Companies do not have the legal right to ask about a person’s HIV status. Discrimination on grounds of HIV status is illegal. Gay men who have unprotected sex (sex without a condom) have a higher risk of contracting HIV than heterosexual people having unprotected sex. This is because there is a higher prevalence of HIV in the gay population.
- No. HIV cannot be transmitted this way. The HIV virus is quite fragile and cannot survive for long outside the body. There have never been any cases of people being infected with HIV by eating food prepared by a person living with HIV.
- Unprotected sex - the HIV virus can live in sexual fluids such as semen / cum; pre-ejaculate; vaginal fluids; anal fluids. It can pass from these fluids through cells in the other person’s vaginal or anal walls, or through cells in the tip of the penis, or through damaged blood vessels. Blood to blood . The HIV virus can live in blood and can be transmitted by: sharing needles for injecting drugs with a person who is HIV positive blood or organ transplant where the donor is HIV positive (not in the UK – blood and organs have been screened since 1985) Tattoo needles if standard precautions are not taken and a person living with HIV has previously used the needle. Mother to child (if the mother is living with HIV) in the womb during childbirth via breastmilk
- Nick : ‘Extra careful with gays cos of the risk... ‘aids and that... give them a miss... More than i bargained for...’ Nick is prejudiced against both people living with HIV and gay people because of his ignorance of the facts. Know the facts about HIV! Shona : ‘There’s no risk’ Correct – there’s no risk of HIV transmission through working in a bakers, if the standard health and safety procedures are followed.
- Yes. There are no jobs where a person would be refused employment because of being HIV positive. The only jobs where there would be special requirements for a person living with HIV are certain healthcare professions, where they may need to avoid doing invasive procedures, eg a surgeon. Generally, there is no legal obligation on employees to disclose they have HIV or to take a medical test for it. If an employee is known to have HIV, this information is strictly confidential and must not be passed on to anyone else without the employee’s permission.
- Yes, unfortunately people living with HIV still experience stigma and discrimination. Stigma is often described as the negative labels or stereotypes used when talking about something or somebody. People sometimes associate stigma with being isolated, abused or discriminated against. Ever since the first cases of AIDS were reported in the early 1980s, people with HIV have been stigmatised. There are a number of reasons for this: HIV is a serious illness. There is a long history of illnesses being stigmatised, even when such illnesses don’t pose a health risk to others, like cancer, or can be prevented and treated, such as tuberculosis (TB). HIV is often transmitted through sex or drug use. Many people make moral judgements about these kinds of behaviour. HIV particularly affects certain groups that already experience discrimination. In the UK this includes gay men, Africans and injecting drug users. But people with HIV from other groups also experience stigma.
- Cameron: ‘loads of kisses – wouldn’t that increase the risk?’ No. There’s absolutely no risk of contracting HIV via kissing an HIV positive person, or them kissing you, no matter how many times!
- No. There’s absolutely no risk of contracting HIV via kissing or snogging an HIV positive person.
- Less than 1% if the mother is diagnosed and on treatment. If a woman is HIV positive but not diagnosed or not on any treatment, the risk of HIV passing to her baby is about 25%. All pregnant women in the UK are offered an HIV test as part of their antenatal care. Women can opt out if they wish. If they take the test and it comes back positive, a course of treatment can be put into place to prevent the baby becoming HIV positive. Also, it is better for the mother to be diagnosed if she is HIV positive, as treatment and care are more successful the earlier a person is diagnosed.
- Between 5 and 6 thousand people are living with HIV in Scotland. 4087 of those have a confirmed HIV diagnosis. The others (around another third) are HIV positive but are not yet diagnosed. (more about this on the next page)
- Yes. About a third of the total number of people living with HIV are not yet diagnosed. So about two thirds of HIV positive people are diagnosed, and about one third are undiagnosed. We know about the estimated number of HIV positive but undiagnosed people by testing of blood samples which are taken for other reasons. Part of the sample is ‘anonymised’ and ‘unlinked’ and then sent to be tested for HIV. The ‘unlinking’ means that the sample cannot be traced back to the individual, and the result is used for statistical purposes only, for example to define HIV prevalence and to monitor trends. Since the surveys began in 1990, nearly ten million samples have been irreversibly unlinked and anonymised from patient identifying information and tested for HIV infection.
- This is the final presentation slide. Slide 37 is for teachers’ information only.