Notes from Medicinal Plants class at Virginia Tech. This lecture was developed in collaboration with Dr. Chunlin Long of the Kunming Botanical Institute China and is part of a collaborative project funded by the office of International Agricultural Development at Virginia Tech.

1. Chinese Medicinal Plant
Resources for Mouth Disorders
Chunlin Long & Yilan Zhou
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese
Academy of Sciences
And
Central University for Nationalities
2008-10-18 Virginia Tech, October 2008

2. TCMP categories by ailments
Headache TCMP,
Infection TCMP, Isotis, Lonicera
Mouth & throat TCMP
Skin TCMP
Heart TCMP
Liver TCMP
Digestive TCMP
Gynecological TCMP
2008-10-18 …………………

3. Types of mouth disorders
Toothache
Mouth ulcers
Cold sores
Sore throat
Tonsilitis
…………
2008-10-18

4. How many species of TCMP for
mouth disorders (TCMP-MD)？
There are about 2000
species used for oral/dental
disorders in China, in which
most are plants.
Plants: 1800 spp.
Animals: 160 spp.
Mineral: 10 spp.
2008-10-18

5. How to discover those TCMP-MD？
Literature studies: Pharmacopeia Sinica, Grand
Dictionary of Chinese Herbs, Medicinal Flora of
China; and records in ancient literatures or
regional/local books.
Ethnomedicinal surveys: Based on ethnomedicinal
and ethnobotanical approaches, to survey, collect,
excavate and document the indigenous knowledge of
herbal medicinal resources for dental disorders in
local societies.
Scientific and experimental investigations: Chemical,
pharmacological and clinic medicinal approaches.
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6. Distribution of TCMP-MD in China
Yunnan is the distribution center. The far
from the center, the less the species
number becomes, towards east, north and
northeast.
The richer its biodiversity, the bigger its
species number of herbal medicinal plants
for dental disorders in a target area.
The richer its cultural diversity (with more
ethnic groups), the richer its resources.
The southwest China takes the prior
position in species and productivity of
2008-10-18
TCMP-MD resources.

7. 2008-10-18
Yunnan

8. Distribution in botanical taxa (I)
1. Compositae, 87 spp.
2. Labiatae, 51 spp.
3. Papilionaceae , 50 spp.
4. Ranunculaceae, 44 spp.
5. Rosaceae, 39 spp.
6. Umbelliferae, 26 spp.
7. Berberidaceae, 25 spp.
8. Euphorbiaceae, 24 spp.
9. Rubiaceae, 24 spp.
2008-10-18 10. Rutaceae, 24 spp.

9. Distribution in botanical taxa (II)
11 Solanaceae , 23 spp.
12 Liliaceae, 22 spp.
13 Gramineae, 21 spp.
14 Polygonaceae, 20 spp.
15 Cucurbitaceae, 19 spp.
16 Scrophulariaceae, 19 spp.
17 Aristolochiaceae, 16 spp.
18 Orchidaceae, 16 spp.
2008-10-18 19 Verbenaceae, 16 spp.b

10. Baphicacanthus cusia, Acanthaceae
Part used: root, stem, leaf
Character: cold Qi; sweet (leaf) and bitter
(stem and root) taste-Qi
Organ emphasized: liver, lung and stomach;
Ailments: stomatitis, gum bleeding, sore and
parotitis
Dosage: 10-30g, decoction
Combined medicine: Asarum sieboldii,
Phellodendron amurense, Lycium chinense
2008-10-18

11. Baphicacanthus cusia
2008-10-18

12. Pistacia chinensis, Anacardiaceae
Part used: leaf buds; decoction, or
wash
Character: cold Qi; bitter taste Qi
Organs emphasized: heart, liver
Ailment: Mouth ulcers
2008-10-18

13. 2008-10-18
Pistacia chinensis

14. Ilex cornuta, Aquifoliaceae
Parts used: Roots, fruits, leaves
Root: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi;
Fruit: Cool Qi, sweet taste Qi;
Leaf: cool Qi, bitter taste Qi;
Organs emphasized: liver, lung and spleen
Dosage: 1) Toothache, root 15~30g, leaf
and fruit 6~15g; decoction; 2) Mumps, root
30g, decoction
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15. 2008-10-18

16. Mahonia bealei, Berberidaceae
Part used: dry rhizome or bark (inner
part)
Character: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi;
Organs emphasized: heart and
intestines
Ailments: teethridge inflammation, gall,
stomatitis
Dosage: rhizome: 9-15 g, decoction;
bark: 30 g
2008-10-18

17. Mahonia bealei,
Berberidaceae
2008-10-18

18. Coriaria sinica, Coriariaceae
Parts used: root, bark
Character: cold Qi; bitter and acrid taste
Qis; Poisonous; Organ emphasized:
heart
Ailments: teethridge inflammation; sore
tumefaction
Dosage: 1.5 g, keeping in mouth for 5
minutes, 3-5 times a day
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19. Coriaria sinica
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20. Buxus sinica, Buxaceae
Part used: stem
Character: neutral, bitter taste Qi;
organ emphasized: liver
Ailment: toothache
Dosage: 15-30 g, decoction
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21. 2008-10-18

22. Character: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; organs
emphzsized: lung and heart
Ailments: sore tumefaction, lip inflammation,
toothache
Dosage: leaf, 9~12g, decoction
Ligustrum
sinense var.
myrianthum,
Oleaceae
2008-10-18

23. Clematis chinensis, Ranunculaceae
Part used: root
Character: warm Qi, acrid and
salty taste Qi; Poisonous
Ailments: toothache, parotitis
Dosage: mixed with 75% ethanol,
spreading on affected parts
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24. 2008-10-18

25. Phellodendron chinense, Rutaceae
Part used: bark
Character: cold Qi, bitter taste Qi; Organs
emphasized: heart and liver
Ailments: sore tumefaction, stomatitis,
mouth ulcers
Dosage: 3~9g, decoction; or grind into
powder and spread on affected part
2008-10-18

26. 2008-10-18 Phellodendron chinense

27. Dendrobium nobile,
Orchidaceae. Both
ornamental and
medicinal plant.
Distribution:
southern China and
southeastern Asia.
Used for thirsty,
mouth inflammation,
and etc.
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28. Dendrobium chrysantum, Orchidaceae, with the same
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function as Dendrobium nobile. Used for thirsty, tongue
without/with less taste buds, inflammation, and etc.

29. Belamcanda chinensis, Iridaceae,
used for parotitis, inflammation,
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toothache, and mouth tumefaction

30. Hypericum patulum, Hypericaceae,
used for stomatitis, toothache, etc.
2008-10-18

31. Paris polyphylla,
2008-10-18 Trilliaceae, used
for parotitis

32. Paeonia
lactiflora, used
for mouth
tumefaction
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33. 紫芋（新华本草纲要）
Colocasia esculenta，为天南
星科芋属植物；
性味：味辛，性温，有毒。归
经：入胃、大肠经。功效主治：
解毒消肿。用于治疗口疮。药
用部位：块茎。药用方法：适
量水煎服或含漱
Colocasia esculenta, Araceae, used for
2008-10-18 mouth tumefaction

34. Acknowledgements：
Liu Yi-tao, Lee Songwoo, Li Yanhui
My graduate students: Li Sumei, Yang
Chunyan, Liu Yanchun, Li Meilan, Li Rong,
Guo Xiaorong, Li Yali, Tang Anjun, Long Bo
Friends from indigenous communities who
provide me with their knowledge on medicinal
2008-10-18
plants used for mouth disorders.

35. 2008-10-18
October, 2008