Here are the sources formatted in APA style: 24 X 7. (n.d.). Jupiter. FactMonster. http://www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/jupiter.html Baquedano, E. (1993). Aztec, Inca & Maya. Knopf. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (n.d.). Cassini Solstice Mission: About Saturn & Its Moons. NASA. http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/index.cfm?SciencePageID=73 Space.com Staff. (2012, May 2). Jupiter, Largest Planet of the Solar System. Space.com.

1. By Julia Miller!

3.  Mercury, the closest planet to the sun, has a
core made of liquid iron that surprisingly takes
up about ¾ of the planet’s diameter, it is as big
as our moon, and it takes up 70% of its weight.
 Its mantle is made of silica.
 It has a rocky crust made of silicate rocks. It is
about 350 miles thick and it is covered with
many craters and dents.
 Mercury’s atmosphere is composed of very small
amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, helium and
sodium.

4. Core Mantle –
¾ of made of silica
Mercury’s
Total diameter.
Made of liquid iron
Crust
350 miles
Thick . Made of
Silicate rocks

5.  Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, it
is not the hottest. Its atmosphere is very thin and it
cannot trap solar heat.
 Mercury’s hot side (the side that is facing the Sun)
experiences the most extreme temperatures. It can
reach temperatures as high as 700° Kelvin.
 Mercury receives 6.5 times the amount of sunlight that
the Earth does.

6.  On the dark side of the planet, temperatures can fall to
as low as 100° K, making it the coldest of all the inner
planets
 Researchers think there are craters dotting the north
and south poles that have temperatures as low as 90°K.
 The average temperature of Mercury averages to
around 452°K!

8.  Venus is one of the brightest things in the sky (besides
the sun and moon). If you know where to look, you
can see it at daytime.
 Venus’ atmosphere is composed of 96% carbon dioxide
and 4% nitrogen, and is 90% denser than Earth’s.
 The pressure is the same as the pressure if you were a
kilometer below sea-level on Earth, which is not
survivable for humans.
 The interior of Venus is composed of a central iron
core and a molten rocky mantle, similar to the
composition of Earth.

9.  The surface of Venus may have been formed by a lot of
volcanic activity. It is said to have 167 volcanoes that
measure up to 100 km across.
 Venus is sometimes referred as Earth’s sister planet
because not only is Venus similar in size to Earth, but
scientists think that a long time ago, Venus had
tectonic plates and liquid water. Venus may have
become the way it is by having a massive greenhouse
gas affect, vaporizing all of the water and messing up
the tectonic plates.

10. Crust-
50 km thick.
Core-
Made of
iron.
3,000 km
across
Mantle-
3,000 km
thick

11.  Venus’ atmosphere being so dense results in a severe
greenhouse affect making Venus the hottest planet in
our solar system
 The average surface temperature of Venus is 735°
Kelvin
 Venus’ very slight axial tilt means that it receives the
same amount of energy from the Sun no matter what
time of year it is so it is always HOT.

12.  The atmosphere is covered in clouds made up of
sulfuric acid and other corrosive substances resulting
in acid rain.
 Along with extreme heat and acid rain, Venus can have
winds at speeds of 100 meters per second!

14.  Mars lacks a magnetic field and because of this it is
constantly bombarded by radiation
 The Martian core is solid and is thought to be 2,960
km in diameter.
 The mantle is believed to be fairly soft, kind of like a
rock paste. No one knows how thick it is.
 Its crust is basalt and contains just enough iron oxide
to give it its reddish hue.

15. Core-
Mantle- Mostly made of
Made of a Sulfur and iron
Rock paste
Crust-
Made of basalt and
iron oxide

16.  Average temperature: -67 °F
 On summer days, it can be around 20 degrees Celsius
then plummet to -90 C at night
 Even at the equator, the night time temperatures fall
well below zero.
 Has seasons because its axial tilt is similar to ours
 Mars’ atmosphere is over 96% carbon dioxide. If the
planet could retain heat, the carbon dioxide would
cause a greenhouse effect and the planet would end up
like Venus

19.  Its atmosphere resembles that of the sun, made up
mostly of hydrogen and helium.
 Jupiter could hold more than 1,300 Earths.
 Jupiter's gargantuan magnetic field is the strongest of
all the planets in the solar system at nearly 2,000 times
the strength of Earth’s.
 Jupiter’s rocky iron core is surrounded by a helium-
rich layer of fluid metallic hydrogen, wrapped up in an
atmosphere primarily made of molecular hydrogen.
 There isn’t really any terrain because it is gas

21.  The colorful bands of Jupiter are arranged in dark belts
and light zones that are created by strong east-west
winds in the planet's upper atmosphere , which travel
more than 400 miles per hour.
 The white clouds in the zones are made of crystals of
frozen ammonia.
 Darker clouds of other chemicals are found in the
belts.
 The deepest visible level holds blue clouds

22.  The Great Red Spot is a giant storm that has lasted
for more than 300 years. At its widest, the Great Red
Spot is 3 times the diameter of Earth. Its color which
usually varies from brick red to slightly brown, may
come from small amounts of sulfur and phosphorus in
the ammonia crystals in Jupiter's clouds.
 Every now and again, the Great Red Spot seems to fade
entirely.

24.  Io is the most volcanically active body is the solar
system
 3rd largest of Jupiter’s moons.
 The volcanic plumes rise 300 km (190 miles) above the
surface
 Io is constantly renewing its surface filling in any
impact craters with molten lava lakes
 Know one knows what the volcanos spew out.
 Sulfur dioxide is the primary thing in Io’s thin
atmosphere
 It has no water. 

26.  Slightly smaller that Earth’s moon
 Europa is thought to have a iron core, a rocky mantle
and on its surface, a salt water ocean.
 The ocean is deep enough to cover the surface of the
entire planet but since it is far from the sun, it is frozen
over.
 The ocean could possible support life forms

28.  It has a inner rocky core which is surrounded by a large
icy mantle.
 Callisto is twice as bright as our own Moon.
 Callisto is the most heavily cratered object in our solar
system
 It has a surface is 4 billion years old
 It has no atmosphere or tectonics

30.  It’s larger than Mercury and Pluto
 Thought to have a thin oxygen atmosphere. It’s not
thick enough to support life though
 Its core is metallic metal. Its mantle is made of
rock, and the crust is made of ice. The ice sheet is
thought to be 800 km thick might contain some rock
as well

33.  96% of the planet is made of hydrogen. The other 4
percent is oxygen and other stuff.
 61 moons known
 Divided into layers
 The first layer has ammonia crystals. Right bellow it is
water and ammonium hydro-sulfide.
 Under that, pressure can so high, the hydrogen is
compressed into a liquid
 Under that is metallic hydrogen
 People think the core is made of rock and metal
elements, but they don’t know for sure

35.  Mostly made of water ice, chemicals, and dust
particles
 Size of particles range from a few micrometers to a few
meters big.
 5 rings:
 D ring- closest ring to Saturn, 7,500 km wide
 A ring- There are 2 gaps within the A ring: Encke gap
and Keeler gap
 C ring-Very faint, made of darker materials
 B ring-Largest and brightest, 25,500 km wide.
 F ring-Outermost ring, estimated 30-500km thick

37.  Saturn’s largest moon
 Frozen version of Earth
 Occasionally forms clouds and rains
 Developed an orange haze of smog
 Has erosion from liquid
 Surface shaped by rivers and lakes
 

39.  Surface covered with clean ice
 Reflects 100% of the light that hits it
 Has an atmosphere
 Interior of the moon is thought to be liquid
 Heated by a tidal mechanism

41.  Composed of water ice and a little rock
 Average temperature is -305 degrees Fahrenheit
 Small moon

43.  One side is dark and has a slight reddish color
 The other side is bright
 Think the dark side is material that oozed from
Iapetus’s insides

46.  Third largest planet in the solar system
 Not visible the naked eye
 It doesn’t really have any terrain
 Made of various ices, like water, ammonia and
methane
 People think it has a solid core
 Regions of the core experience pressure of 8 million
bars, and have a temperature of 5,000 Kelvin

47.  If you tried to land a spaceship of Uranus you would
fall through the upper atmosphere of hydrogen and
helium, and into the liquid icy center.
 Has large amounts of methane it its atmosphere

49.  Has an most extreme axial tilt of 98° so it has seasons
 Each pole has 42 Earth years of light and 42 Earth
years of darkness
 Has an unusually cold temperature
 Average temperature on Uranus is -224° Celsius
 Has huge wind storms, with wind speeds reaching as
much as 900 km/hr
 Again, DON’T LAUGH

51.  The atmosphere in Neptune is composed of 80%
hydrogen 19% helium, and 1% methane.
 Blue because the methane absorbs the color red
 Upper-level of Neptune has methane clouds
 If the pressure is more than 5 bars, ammonium
sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and water clouds may form.
Clouds of water-ice may form at 50 bars of pressure.
 Has no terrain
 A spaceship would sink right through Neptune and hit
its core
 Has very faint rings

52.  The core is made of ice and rock.

54.  The mean temperature of the planet is 73° K (-200°
Celsius
 The temperature of Neptune can reach as low as 55°
Kelvin
 The temperature at South Pole are -10° C warmer than
the rest of the planet because it is currently titled
towards the Sun.
 At the core temperatures reach 7000° C
 The difference in temperature between the core and
the surface cause winds as fast as 2100 km/hr.

55.  What do you get if you cross Santa Clause with a space
ship?
 What is an astronaut's favorite part of a computer?
 How do we know Saturn has married more than once?
 What do you call a crazy moon?
 Why did the robot cross the road

56.  "24 X 7." JUPITER — FactMonster.com. Web. 02 May 2012.
<http://www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/jupiter.html
>.
 Baquedano, Elizabeth. Aztec, Inca & Maya. New York: Knopf, 1993.
Print.
 "Jet Propulsion Laboratory." Cassini Solstice Mission: About Saturn &
Its Moons. Web. 02 May 2012.
<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/index.cfm?SciencePageID=73>.
 "Jupiter, Largest Planet of the Solar System." Space.com. Web. 02 May
2012. <http://www.space.com/7-jupiter-largest-planet-solar-
system.html>.
 "Planet Facts – Fun & Interesting Information About the Nine
Planets." Planet Facts – Fun & Interesting Information About the
Nine Planets. Web. 02 May 2012. <http://planetfacts.org>.
 "Royal Museums Greenwich: Sea, Ships, Time and the Stars : RMG."
Royal Museums Greenwich: Sea, Ships, Time and the Stars : RMG.
Web. 02 May 2012.
<http://www.rmg.co.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.3932>.
 "Space and Astronomy News." Universe Today. Web. 02 May 2012.
<http://www.universetoday.com>.

57.  "Iapetus, A Moon of Saturn." Views of the Solar
System. Web. 02 May 2012.
<http://www.solarviews.com/eng/iapetus.htm>.
 "Space Jokes!" Puzzle Pixies : Free Kids
Painting, Coloring, Games, Puzzles and Activities. Web.
02 May 2012.
<http://www.puzzlepixies.com/jokes/jokes/space-
jokes.html>.