Counseling interview
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“Courage doesn’t happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life.” ― Shannon L. Alder
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Counseling interview
- 2. Chapter Summary • Rationale for the Interview • Preparing for the Counseling Interview • Structuring the Interview • Conducting the Interview • Summary
- 3. Rationale for the Interview • Uncover problems that may lead to work maladjustment – Psychological problems – Lack of education or training • Help clients view themselves from a holistic perspective – Career + personal connection • Develop Goals
- 4. Preparing for the Counseling Interview • Analyzing Self – Know yourself before trying to help others know themselves. – Good problem solvers may be poor counselors. – Do not stray beyond your level of expertise.
- 5. Preparing for the Counseling Interview • Analyzing the Interviewee – Be informed but keep an open mind. – Be aware of past, present, and future events. – Be prepared for rejections of offers to counsel. – Listen rather than talk.
- 6. Preparing for the Counseling Interview • Selecting an Interviewing Approach – Directive Approach – Nondirective Approach – Combination of Approaches
- 7. Preparing for the Counseling Interview • Selecting the Setting – Do not underestimate the importance of location and seating. – A round table is a traditional arrangement for problem solving. – Personal Characteristics of Helper: Genuineness, Being Nondogmatic, Being Accepting – Nonverbal Behaviors: Posture, Tone of Voice, Eye Contact, Touch
- 8. Structuring the Interview • The Opening – Initial Comments and Reactions • Want to help and show it. • Be tactful but not indifferent. – Rapport and Orientation • Accept seemingly irrelevant opening comments. • If you are uncomfortable, the interviewee will be uncomfortable.
- 9. Structuring the Interview • The Opening – Encouraging Self- Disclosure • Self-disclosure varies from person to person. – Work Within a Known Time Frame
- 10. Structuring the Interview • The Body of the Interview – Feelings play central roles in counseling interviews. – Counseling interviews rarely progress in an orderly manner. – Enable the interviewee to relate the problem.
- 11. Structuring the Interview The Use of Questions • Open Vs. Closed Questions • Direct Vs. Indirect Questions • Use of “Why” Questions
- 12. Structuring the Interview Giving Information, Advice, and Offering Alternatives • Offering Alternatives: Suggests May Be a Number of Ways to Tackle Problem • Information Giving: Offers the Client Valuable “Objective” Info • Advice Giving: Suggests Helper May Hold the Solution (Least Helpful Response)
- 13. Structuring the Interview Confrontation: Support with Challenge • Giving Feedback Without Being Judgmental, Critical, or Aggressive • One Good Method: Higher-level Empathic Response • Another Method: Suggesting Alternatives • Another Method: Pointing out Discrepancies (“You Say, But...”)
- 15. Structuring the Interview • Closing the Interview – Involve the interviewee as an active participant in the closing. – Decide which leave-taking means is most appropriate. – Be sincere and honest in the ways you close interviews.
- 16. Structuring the Interview • Evaluating the Interview – Review all you did and did not do and accomplish. – How prepared were you for this interaction? – Which skills need more work? Preparation, structuring, interviewing, or counseling?
- 17. STRUCTURING THE INTERVIEW • The Telephone Interview – Advantages • Inexpensive • Convenient • Preserves Anonymity • Gives Sense of Control – Disadvantages • Possible Inconvenient Time • Distractions
- 18. Conducting the Interview • Listening – Focus on the interviewee and the interviewee’s problem. – Do not interrupt or take over the conversation.
- 19. Conducting the Interview • Observing – Look for nonverbal signals but interpret them cautiously. – If you are taking notes, explain why. – Note that deceptive answers may be lengthier, more hesitant, and characterized by long pauses.
- 20. Conducting the Interview • Questioning – Do not ask too many questions. – Keep your questions open-ended. – Phrase all questions with care.
- 21. Conducting the Interview • Responding and Informing – Client-Centered Approach: Focuses the interview on the interviewee. – Highly Nondirective Reactions and Responses: Give control to the interviewee. – Nondirective Reactions and Responses: Inform and encourage. – Directive Reactions and Responses: Advise and evaluate but do not dictate. – Highly Directive Reactions and Responses: Dictate strong advice and actions.
- 22. Conducting the Interview • Responding and Informing: Tips – Responses are more nonverbal than verbal. – Silence has its limits. – Use questions that force the interviewee to formulate answers and solutions. – Use questions to determine what a person is not saying. – A thoughtless comment or two can damage a relationship. – Exhaust all less directive means before dictating action.
- 24. Summary • You take part in a counseling interview whenever you try to help a person gain insights into a problem. • Preparation helps to determine how to listen, question, inform, explain, respond, and relate to each interviewee. • Many suggestions but few rules apply to counseling interviews.