A presentation by Professor Álvaro Muñóz. Manizales, Colombia.

1. ASSESSING NEEDS

8. Can we get some ideas about what to teach from knowing about the students themselves? For instance do we teach children and adults the same thing? CHILDREN ADULTS Intellectual development Focus: here and now, concrete Can handle abstractions Attention span Short in classroom settings Relatively long Sensory input Much variety required Some variety required Affective factors Fragile in presence of peers Bring global self-esteem to classroom Authentic, meaningful language Language use for immediate rewards Tolerate less contextualiza-tion

26. Learning Strategies (examples) Memory “ I use new English words in a sentence, so I can remember them.” Cognitive “ I try not to translate word for word.” Compensa-tion “ To understand unfamiliar English words, I make guesses.” Meta-cognitive “ I think about my progress in learning English.” Affective “ I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.” Social “ I practice English with other students.”

27. Reed, Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey Strongly agree (SA) Agree (A) Undecided (U) Disagree (D) strongly disagree (SD) X

28. SA A U D SD 1. When the teacher tells me the instructions, I understand better. 2. I prefer to learn by doing something in class. 3. I get more work done when I work with others. 4. I learn more when I study with a group 5. I class, I learn best when I work with others. 6. I learn better by reading than by listening to someone.