Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamation
Unit 1 ch3 s3 the hydrosphere & biosphere
1. Section 3: The Hydrosphere & Biosphere
Standards: SEV1d, SEV2b
2. What is the hydrosphere?
All the water on or near the
Earth’s surface.
Includes
Oceans
Lakes
Rivers
Wetlands
Icecaps
Clouds
Soil
Rock layers beneath
surface
3. What are the parts of the
hydrologic (water) cycle?
Evaporation
Heated by sun & turns into water
vapor
Comes from bodies of water, plants
(transpiration), and animals
Condensation
Water vapor forms droplets on dust
particles, form clouds when they
collide & stick
Precipitation
Large droplets fall from clouds
Can be rain, snow, sleet, hail
Runoff/Percolation
Water can run off land into nearest
body of water
Water can percolate through layers
of soil and get stored underground
in aquifers.
4. How is water distributed on Earth?
97% salty ocean water
3% freshwater
Of the 3%...
2% is unusable icecaps &
glaciers
1% is usable surface or
groundwater.
5.
6. What is the difference between
ocean water & freshwater?
Ocean water is 3.5% salt.
Salt comes from erosion
from rocks on land over
millions of years and
underwater volcanic
eruptions.
Salinity can vary
depending on depth of
ocean & areas of
evaporation
EX: estuary- where
freshwater river meets
ocean.
7. What are the major oceans of the
world?
Pacific
Largest ocean
165,640,000 km2 & avg.
depth is 4,280 meters
Deepest point (11,033 m) is
Challenger Deep near
Philippines.
Divided into
North Pacific- above
equator and flows clockwise
South Pacific- below
equator and flows
counterclockwise
8. What are the major oceans of the
world?
Atlantic
Second largest ocean
81,630,000 km2
Like Pacific, divided
into north & south with
clockwise &
counterclockwise
movement.
9. What are the major oceans of the
world?
Indian
Third largest ocean
73,420,000 km2
Average depth is 3,890
meters
10. What are the major oceans of the
world?
Arctic
Smallest ocean
14,350,000 km2
Covered by floating ice
called pack ice
11. What are the temperature zones of
the ocean?
Surface zone
Warmed by sun
Can be mixed with
cooler layers below
Thermocline
Middle layer where
temperatures drop fast
with increased depth
Deep zone
Coldest layer b/c sun
does not reach
12. What is the relationship between
the ocean and atmosphere?
Ocean has the ability to
store and radiate heat to
help control Earth’s
temperature.
Absorbs over half the solar
radiation that reaches the
Earth’s surface
Direction of ocean current
creates climates in inland
areas.
EX: warm Gulf currents
bring warm moist air over
north to British Isles
13. Where is usable freshwater found?
Surface water
Moving water
Fast, cold, more oxygen
Rivers, streams
Watershed- area of land that
dumps into a tributary.
Tributaries- small streams
that empty into larger river
systems.
EX: MHS campus is
watershed for Noses creek
which is a tributary to the
Chattahoochee River
McEachern
Standing water High School
Slow, warm, less oxygen
Lakes, ponds, reservoirs
14.
15. Where is usable freshwater found?
Groundwater
Water the seeps through
soil and gets stored in
underground rock
formations called
aquifers
Surface of land where
water seeps is called
recharge zone.
17. What is the biosphere?
Narrow layer around Earth’s
surface in which life can exist.
Layer that gets sunlight for
plants, which provide for
animals
Also layer that has water,
energy and moderate
temperatures
Consists of
Uppermost part of geosphere
Most of the hydrosphere
Lower part of the
atmosphere.
18. What is the difference between an
open & closed system?
Closed system- energy enters
and leaves but matter does
not.
EX: Earth- energy from sun
enters & reradiates but
energy trapped by plants
(and eventually animals)
does not leave Earth.
Open system- both matter &
energy are exchanged by a
system.
EX: When Earth was first
forming it was open because
constantly hit by comets &
meteors
Notas del editor
The Challenger Deep is deep than Mount Everest is tall.
What’s in a name?Powder Springs HistoryLand was incorporated as Springville which was originally occupied by 2 Cherokee Indian chiefs- Chief Noses (namesake of Noses Creek) and Chief Ana Kanasta (Sweetwater.) Originally called Springville because had 7 major minerals found in water that were considered to have health benefits. Also called Gunpowder Springs because the minerals turned the sand in the streams black. Used to be several natural springs that spouted from ground but water pressure in aquifer is now too low for the water to “squirt” out.