Transboundary Water Management Workshop held in Johannesburg, South Africa from April 29-30, 2014.

1. Department of International Cooperation
Ministry of Water Resources, P. R. China
Trans-boundary rivers between China and
Neighboring Countries

2. Drought Disaster
Flood Disaster
Temperature on Surface（1901-2012）
Impacts of climate change
Floods and droughts occur frequently
and sometimes simultaneously, and
seriously threat the local economic and
social development.
Climate change may cause more
frequent flood and drought disasters.

3. An important measure to protect the water, energy and food
security in the basin, a crucial channel to address climate change,
and a significant approach to safeguard and improve the regional
people's livelihood.
Security of Water, Energy and Food Production
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Energy Security:
Hydropower
Water Security:
Food Security:
Enhance the capacity of
water supply in the lower
reaches in the dry season,
and reduce the flooded
area in the rainy season

4. Important Contribution of China Trans-boundary
Rivers to Neighboring Countries
Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers
between China and the Neighboring Countries
Prospect
1
2
3
Contents

5. Introduction to Trans-boundary rivers between China
and the Neighboring Countries
13 bordering and 3 neighbored
countries;
In the upper reaches;
Water flowing outward across
or along Chinese borders is
about 730 billion m3, more than
30times that flowing into China;
Good quality
North Korea
Russia
Mongolia
Kazakhstan
India
Viet Nam
Laos
Thailand
Cambodia
Myanmar
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Kyrgyz
Pakistan
Nepal
Tajikistan
China

6. Important Contributions of China’s Trans-boundary Rivers
to the Economic and Social Development of Neighboring
Countries
Low utilization rate (7-8%) of water resources and hydropower
resources of trans-boundary rivers in China;
China sticks to principles of putting people first, equality and
reasonability, balancing development and protection, and
cooperating friendly with neighboring countries;
Ensure ecological safe and environmentally friendly;
No marked impacts on the neighboring countries.
Trans-boundary River Basin is located in the under-developed
region, extremely inconvenient transportation, and the less
access to food and clothing of part of its residents.
Therefore, development of hydropower resources has become
the only way for the local people to survive and develop.

7. Act strictly in line with laws and regulations
Conduct EIA, compile EMP, establish EMS
Make the Environment Damage Prevention Strategy
Set up the sophisticated immigration policy and dam safety policy
Carry out checking and assessment of the environment protection
facilities before projects complete
Measures Adopted to Mitigate the Negative
Impact on the Ecological Environment

8. Important Contribution of China Trans-boundary
Rivers to Neighboring Countries
Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers
between China and the Neighboring Countries
Prospect
1
2
3
Contents

9. Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers between
China and the Neighboring Countries
Country
(Organization)
Trans-boundary Rivers
Cooperation Mechanisms
Sino-MRC
Dialogue meeting
Provision of Hydrological data
Sino-Kazakhstan Joint Steering Commission
Experts Group
Sino-Russia Joint Steering Commission
Experts Group
Sino-Indian Joint Steering Commission
Sino-Mongolia Joint Steering Commission
Experts Group
Sino-Viet Nam Provision of Hydrological data
Sino-North Korea Hydrological Cooperation
Sino-Bangladesh Provision of Hydrological data
China has set up, as needed, multiple trans-boundary river
cooperation mechanisms with 12 neighboring countries.

10. Sino-MRC
H.E. CHEN Lei attended the 2nd MRC Summit in Ho Chi Minh, in April 2014
China pays high attention to cooperation with MRC.

11. Sino-MRC
Drought Disaster in 2010
Meet with CEO in MWR Renewal of agreement
Dialogue between China and MRC began in 1996.
China provided hydrological information of flood seasons for
consecutive 11 years, and hydrological information of extreme dry
season in 2010.

12. Sino-MRC
Technical trainings
（（（（Beijing in China））））
Technical trainings
（（（（Wuhan in China））））
China organized several technical trainings for downstream
countries, sent 6 young experts to the MRC for a short-term work.
The MRC expressed its gratitude for China’s help.

13. Inevitable Choice of Hydropower Development in
Lancang River based on the local survival and
development condition
Based on scientific planning and adequate argumentation, six
hydropower stations, including Xiaowan, Nuozhadu and
Jinghong, have been constructed on the middle and lower
reaches of the Lancang River.
And currently, the utilization rate of water resources of
Lancang River is only 3%, while that of hydraulic resources
about 50%.

14. Xiaowan
Nuozhadu Jinghong
Hydropower in Lancang river

15. Hydropower Development and the Regional
Security of Water, Energy and Food Production
With the scientific regulation, the long-term average flow of
Lancang River out of China could be increased by 70% in dry
season compared with that under the natural conditions, and
reduced by 30 % during the rainy season, helpful to flood control,
drought relief, water supply and navigation, and positively
contribute to the whole basin’s security of water, energy, and food
production .
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
Dry Season Rainy Season

16. 2010 2013
For instance, the severe drought hit the Lancang River in the dry
season of 2013, similar impact scope and degree in 2010.
Hydropower Development and the Regional
Security of Water, Energy and Food Production

17. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
The Natural
The Real
However, under the remarkable function of the Xiaowan
reservoir, the net discharge of the Jinghong hydropower was
increased by 7 billion m3, two-thirds more than that under the
natural conditions.
This is the reason why the residents of the upper reaches of the
Mekong River did not feel the impact of the severe drought.
Hydropower Development and the Regional
Security of Water, Energy and Food Production

18. Sino-Thailand
Thai Prime Minister’s visit
to MWR
Chinese experts in Thailand
China sent out two batches of flood experts to provide technical
consulting service on flood control and disaster relief, and assisted
in compilation of flood control planning, which all finally brought
the substantial benefits to Thai people.

19. Sino-Kazakhstan
Horgos River Friendship Joint Water Diversion Project
In 2001, two countries signed an agreement and established a
Joint Steering Commission of trans-boundary river;
Constructed in collaboration the Horgos River Friendship Joint
Water Diversion Project and the Sumbe River Water Diversion
Project to share the water resources of boundary rivers

20. Irtysh river Ili River
Sino-Kazakhstan
Thanks to the commitment of China to rational development and
effective protection of trans-boundary rivers, the ecological
environment in Ili and Irtysh river basins has been kept in good
condition, and become the model of trans-boundary river
protection in Central Asia.

21. Sign the related agreement
Sino-Russia
In 2008, two countries signed an agreement, and established a
Joint Steering Commission to facilitate the cooperation in fields
of utilization and protection of trans-boundary waters

22. Sino-Russia
In 2013, a once-in-a-century flood occurred in the main stream
of downstream Amur River, a boundary river between China
and Russia.
Both countries exchanged information in a timely, effective and
frank manner while operating controlling projects on both sides
to minimizing the loss.

23. Signed the MOU deal with emergencies of natural disasters
Sino-India
Provided India with hydrological information of the major trans-
boundary rivers in flood season;
Established an expert-level mechanism on trans-border rivers in 2006;
Signed a MOU on Strengthening Cooperation on Trans-border Rivers
in 2013;
Deal with emergencies of natural disasters.

24. ““““The Indian side appreciated the flood-season
hydrological data and the assistance in emergency
management provided by the Chinese side.
The two sides reiterated that they will promote and
enhance cooperation in this field. ””””
——The Sino-Indian Joint Communique
signed on 16th, Dec. 2010 in New Delhi
Sino-India
The sections of trans-border rivers within China have basically been
kept in its natural conditions, and should be considered as the best
protected rivers in the world, making significant contributions to the
economic and social development, as well as the ecological and
environmental protection in India

25. Signed the MOU Field Visit to Yellow River
Sino-Viet Nam
Agreements on exchanging hydrological information in flood
season of Yuanjiang-Red River and Zuojiang River were signed
respectively in 2002 and 2009.

26. Important Contribution of China Trans-boundary
Rivers to Neighboring Countries
Effective Cooperation in Trans-boundary Rivers
between China and the Neighboring Countries
Prospect
1
2
3
Contents

27. China is willing to enhance the cooperation with the downstream
countries, to jointly cope with the water, energy and food security
challenges of the greater Mekong sub-region under changing climate.
Continuous free supply of flood information to the downstream
Countries. Continue the technical training for the downstream
countries, and to share our successful experiences and
technologies
Enhance cooperation with other trans-boundary rivers, such as
Orange river, Nile river, Danube river, etc.
Prospect

28. As the responsible country upstream, we will consider and
take care of the reasonable concerns of the downstream
countries.
We are willing to strengthen dialogue and exchanges on the
basis of mutual benefit, enhance mutual trust and promote
common development and prosperity of the basin and region,
so as to make Trans-boundary Rivers to be "the river of
peace, the river of cooperation and the river of friendship
between China and the relevant countries.

29. Thanks
Welcome to China