Bioversity International scientist Fabrice DeClerck presents on WLE's work in the Volta, Nile and Mekong basins, with a focus on ecosystem services and resilience. Found out more about WLE and Resilience: http://bit.ly/Q0hOtu

1. Dialogue Session:
ES and Resilience of
three basins (Volta, Nile,
and Mekong)

2. What’s poverty got to do with it?
M Sanjayan
P. Kareiva

3. Where are conservation efforts most needed and
most likely to improve the human condition?
Can we identify “life raft ecosystems” ?
= Areas with:
•high rates of poverty (% undernourished)
•large portion of economy dependent upon nature
(agriculture, fisheries, logging)
•severely degraded ecosystem services
Slide by Kareiva and Sanjayan

5. Water Land and Ecosystem Vision:
A world in which agriculture thrives within
vibrant ecosystems, where communities
have higher incomes, improved food
security and the ability to continuously
improve their lives

6. 6
Rockstrom et al. (2009) Nature 461:472-475
Challenges

7. Foley et al. 2011

8. Minimum Goals for 2050
Environmental Goals
Development Goals
Total Agricultural Production
Nutritionally Complete Production
Biodiversity Conserved
Carbon Sequestered Improved Water Quality
Water Conserved
Soil Formed
Food Security Goals
Food Distribution and Access
Conserve agrobiodiversity
Increased Farmer Livelihoods
And Resilience
Improve Human Health
Increase Farm Self Reliance
Adapted from Foley et al 2011
Production Goals

9. Ecosystem Conservation as
a result of
poverty alleviation

10. Ecosystem Conservation as
means to
poverty alleviation

12. Trade-
offsSocial structure, demand,
accessibility
Financial mechanisms
Land and governance decisions, processes and investments
Landscapes
Food, energy, fiber
Income
ES benefits
Temporal processes
Climate
Knowledge and
information
availability
Economy
Markets, PES
Farming practices
Ecosystem services
Biophysical Access and use
Social needs
(demography,
preferences)
Livelihood
Impact
Livelihood
Impact
Livelihood
impacts
People
Trade-
offs
system state,
structure and
processes
tate, structure and
processes
(Agro)-ecosystem
state, structure and
processes
Agriculture
Ecosystem services
Ecosystem services
Time

13. Principles
• People are fundamental
• Human and Natural systems are tightly coupled.
• Ecological processes in the portfolio of options.
• Multifunctionality: trade-offs, synergies,
interactions
• Resilience: shocks, transformation and feedbacks
• Recognize we might have to modify ecosystems
• Multi-scale: basin as maximum extent + Global
Processes

14. 0
20
40
60
80
100
1-Oct-80
1-Nov-80
1-Dec-80
1-Jan-81
1-Feb-81
1-Mar-81
1-Apr-81
1-May-81
1-Jun-81
1-Jul-81
1-Aug-81
1-Sep-81
Flow(m3s-1)
Daily flow with and without floodplain
Without floodplain (simulated) With floodplain (observed)
Flow Regulation in the Luswishi Floodplain
Understanding how ecosystems
affect livelihoods
M. McCartney (IMWI)

15. Ecosystem Services by
whom and for whom?
Rainfall
less than 900 mmyr-1
Greater
than 900 mmyr-1
F. Kizito (CIAT)

16. Facilitating intervention decisions: what and where?

17. Recognizing the value of Ecosystem Services Provided
by Farming Communities
M.Quintero(CIAT);W.Zhang(IFPRI);F.DeClerck(Bioversity)
My farm participates in the
Management of the
Reventazon
River Watershed (ICE)

18. Through targeted impact pthways in focal regions
and at the global level

19. South East Asia: Mekong Focal Region

20. GOAL:
better targeted investments
in water, land, energy and
agriculture writ large so
they are sustainable and
socially inclusive, and
national growth and
poverty goals can be met by
supporting the natural
resource base

21. What is the nature,
distribution and value of ES
in an increasingly
commercialized
agricultural system & how
is it going to affect local
livelihoods in the future?
How would management
of water, land and other
ecosystem need to be
adapted to improve food
and nutrition security in
the least food-secure GMS
countries?
What policies and
institutions can
communities &
policymakers use to
enhance the resilience of
the GMS ES in the long
term under pop & ec
growth, CC &
globalization?
To move toward resilient ecosystems in the Greater
Mekong Region while also achieving growth and poverty
reduction goals will require tradeoff analysis at the
regional, basin-wide, GMS-wide and global level under
alternative development pathways that consider
investments and policies across water, land and energy; in
food and nutrition; and associated governance and
institutions.

23. West Africa: Volta Niger Focal Region

24. Resource degradation,
poverty, climate change
sensitivity, emigration
Crop-livestock
competition,
ethnic and
religious
conflicts
Urbanization, immigration,
poverty re-distribution*;
environmental degradation Humid forest
Sahara
*In 12 years from now, the majority of the poor in Africa will be living in urban as opposed
to rural areas.

25. Main questions for WLE
Can WLE guide investors and decision makers to
(i) Better target sustainable agricultural
investments (in the rural north)?
(ii) value and manage ecosystem services under
increasing demands on water, food and energy in
both, the fragile north, and the growing peri-
urban landscapes of the south?

26. Small Reservoirs

27. East Africa – Nile Basin Countries

28. The Opportunity
• Huge development investments in most
countries, affecting land use
 Include growth corridors, commodity corridors,
irrigation and hydropower dam development,
upper watershed conservation, food security
programs
• Multiple futures are possible in this
evolving context
The challenge is to support a sustainability agenda within existing
and evolving processes and investments to achieve green, resilient
and equitable growth in the countries of the Nile Basin.

29. Trends and Intervention Areas
• Huge diversity in resources, political and economic development
• Strong dependence on agriculture, especially rainfed, and natural
resources
• Rapid population growth and other demographic pressures,
urbanization, feminization, marginalization
• Degradation of natural resources and ecosystem functioning is
pervasive
1.
Negotiating trade-offs in
ecosystem services during
infrastructure development
2.
Achieving sustainable land
management in degradation
hotspots
3.
Strengthening equity and the role of
women during sustainable intensification

30. wle.cgiar.org
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