2. Sentences are made up of various combinations of
two types of clauses:
Independent
Dependent
3. Independent Clauses can stand alone. These
contain a subject and a predicate.
The NewYork Mets won theWorld Series in 1969.
4. Dependent Clauses CANNOT stand alone.
These are only part of a sentence.
Dependent clauses add additional information to
independent clauses, but they are not necessary to
form a complete thought.
Until I met him in ninth grade.
5. Dependent Clauses
Dependent (also called “subordinate”) clauses are classified further
into:
Prepositional phrases (list of prepositions: pg 538)
For a longer time than usual, he complained about his job.
Adjective Clauses (pg. 557): These modify nouns or pronouns.
Mary, who is usually kind-hearted, was rude to the woman in the check out line.
Adverb Clauses (pg. 557): These modify verbs
He danced the night away when the crowd cleared out.
-ing words Phrases
Talking to her for hours, Brian finally had to hang up.
“To” Phrases
To keep on her good side, he had to buy her the movie ticket.
6. Dependent Clauses
More importantly, just remember “CRAZY TALK”.
Dependent clauses on their own sound incomplete . . . and a little crazy.
We know these are Fragments.
For a longer time than usual
Who is usually kind-hearted
When the crowd cleared out.
Talking to her for hours
To keep on her good side
7. As mentioned earlier, these clauses can be combined
to create four different types of sentences:
• Simple
• Complex
• Compound
• Compound-Complex
8. What Type?
Simple: {Independent}
My aunt enjoyed her trip.
Complex: {Dependent + Independent}
After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that her cash was short.
Compound: {Independent + Independent}
The clown frightened the little girl, and she ran off screaming.
The pilot was ready to land the plane; his wife was waiting for him.
Compound-Complex: {Dependent + Independent + Independent}
With her reputation on the line, Peggy played her best game ever, but she
was still defeated.
9. What Type?
1. ______We drove from Connecticut to Tennessee in one day.
2. ______We were exhausted, but we arrived in time for my father's birthday party.
3. ______Although he is now 79 years old, he still claims to be 65.
4. ______After it was all over, my dad claimed he knew we were planning
something, but we think he was really surprised.
5. ______Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer over where they
should spend their summer vacation.
6. ______Pauline loves to go to the beach and spend her days sunbathing.
7. ______Bruno, on the other hand, likes the view that he gets from the log cabin
up in the mountains, and he enjoys hiking in the forest.
10. What Type?
1. _Simple_We drove from Connecticut to Tennessee in one day.
2. _Compound_We were exhausted, but we arrived in time for my father's birthday
party.
3. _Complex_Although he is now 79 years old, he still claims to be 65.
4. _Compound-Complex_ After it was all over, my dad claimed he knew we were
planning something, but we think he was really surprised.
5. _Complex_Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer over where
they should spend their summer vacation.
6. _Simple_ Pauline loves to go to the beach and spend her days sunbathing.
7. _Compound-Complex_ Bruno, on the other hand, likes the view that he gets
from the log cabin up in the mountains, and he enjoys hiking in the forest.
