SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 15
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Bacteriological Analysis
of Normal Flora of Skin,
Nasal and Ear Specimens


  Sonia Akhtar, Xia Mujahid, Sobia Ishaque
                               and Fareeha
                             26 April, 2012
Introduction:
   The human microbiome (or human microbiota) is
    the aggregate of microorganisms that reside on the
    surface and in deep layers of skin, ear, in the saliva
    and oral mucosa, in the conjunctiva, and in the
    gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, fungi,
    and protozoa. Some of these organisms perform
    tasks that are useful for the human host. Those that
    are expected to be present, and that under normal
    circumstances do not cause disease, but instead
    participate in maintaining health, are soul members
    of the normal flora.
   It is estimated that 500 to 1000 species of bacteria live in
    the human gut and a roughly similar number on the
    skin.Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and
    there are at least ten times as many bacteria as human
    cells in the body (approximately 1014 versus 1013).Though
    members of the flora are found on all surfaces exposed to
    the environment (on the skin and eyes, in the mouth,
    nose).
   Different harmless microorganisms establish as
    commensals or mutualistic with the host.
   Normal flora can be divided into two groups, residential
    flora and temporary flora.
   The normal flora as well as host immune status both do
    not allow to infect the host.
   The environmental conditions like pH, temperature,
    availability of oxygen, presence of moisture etc also
    influence their presence.
Aim: The basic aim of this study
was to analyze the normal flora of
       Skin, Nose and Ear
Materials and Methods:
 Samples of nose , ear & skin were collected by the
  normal healthy individuals by the help of swabs in
  aseptic conditions.
 Media: which were used are nutrient agar, sheep
  blood agar, MacConkey agar, Manitol salt agar,
  Muller Hinton Agar and Salt Indol Motility agar.
Table 1. Colonial morphology, microscopic
examination and hemolysis
 SPECIMEN      BLOOD AGAR        MACCONKEY AGAR                   NUTRIENT AGAR            GRAM REACTION        MOTILITY
  EAR 1     γ hemolysis     Colorless colonies            Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram     positive   Non-motile
                                                                                          cocci
  EAR 2     β hemolysis     Colorless colonies            Small, rounded, golden yellow Gram       positive   Non-motile
                                                          colonies                        cocci
 NASAL 1    β hemolysis     Colorless colonies            Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram Negative       Non-motile
                                                                                          diplococci
 NASAL 2    β hemolysis     Large, shiny, mucoid , pink   Large, opaque colonies          Gram Negative       Non-motile
                            colonies                                                      bacilli
 SKIN 1     β hemolysis     Colorless colonies            Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram positive       Non-motile
                                                                                          cocci
 SKIN 2     γ hemolysis     Colorless colonies            Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram     positive   Non-motile
                                                                                          cocci
Table 2. Biochemical tests for Gram negative
isolates
                                                                                   UREA       LACTOSE     ORGANISM
SPECIMEN                              TSI                      IMViC

                    Butt      Slant         H2S   Gas    I    MR    VP        C
 NASAL 2                                                                           +ve        +ve         Klebsiella
                    Acid      Acid          +ve   -ve   -ve   +ve   +ve      +ve                          pneumoniae




                                                                          Gram negative isolated colonies
      TSI and Citrate results of Gram                                     showing    lactose fermentation and
      negative bacilli isolated from nasal                                mucoid growth on Macconkey agar
      specimen no.2                                                       plate
Table 3. Biochemical tests
                                                                    SUGARS           Organism
SPECIMEN     GRAM          UREA   CAT.   OXI.   COAGULASE   lac   suc    mal   men   identified
           REACTION
           Gram positive    +      -      +         -       +     +       +     -    Streptococcus viridans
 EAR 1        cocci
           Gram positive
 EAR 2        cocci         -             +         -       +     +       +     -    Staphylococcus aureus
           Gram Negative
NASAL 1      diplococci     -      +      +         -       +     +       +     -    Niesseria
                                                                                     spp.
           Gram Negative
NASAL 2       bacilli       +      -      +         -       +     +       +     -    Klebsiella pneumoniae
           Gram positive    -      -      +         -       +     +       +     -    Streptococcus epidermidis
 SKIN 1       cocci
           Gram positive    -      -      +         -       +     +       +     -    Streptococcus epidermidis
 SKIN 2       cocci
Table 4. aaantibiotic succeptibility
                                            Antibiotics
  Culture codes             P         Cl          S         Amp      Be
         EAR 1              -         -           -          -        -
         EAR 2             3mm       6mm        9mm         1mm      2mm
       NASAL 1              -         -           -          -       2mm
       NASAL 2              -         -         2mm          -        -
        SKIN 1            12mm       10mm       6mm         6mm      2mm
     SKIN 2               11mm       10mm       5mm         6mm      3mm




         Antibiotic susceptibility          Isolated pure cultures
                                            from specimens
RESULTS:
 The Ear specimens 1 and 2 were identified as
  Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus
 Nasal specimens 1 and 2 were identified as Niesseria
  spp.and Klebsiella pneumoniae
 Nasal specimens 1 and 2 were identified as Niesseria
  sp
 Non of the isolated organisms showed sensitivity
  against antibiotics
DISCUSSION:
 The varied environment of the skin results in locally
  dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive
  organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci,
  diphtheroids) usually predominating.
 S. epidermidis is a major inhabitant of the skin, and
  in some areas it makes up more than 90 percent of
  the resident aerobic flora.
 Streptococci, especially β-hemolytic streptococci, are
  rarely seen on normal skin. The paucity of β-
  hemolytic streptococci on the skin is attributed at
  least in part to the presence of lipids on the skin, as
  these lipids are lethal to streptococci.
 Gram-negative bacteria make up a small proportion
  of the skin flora.Gram-negative bacteria, is more
  common in the moist intertriginous areas.
• The nose and perineum are the most common sites
  for S. aureus colonization, which is present in 10
  percent to more than 40 percent of normal adults.
  S. aureus is prevalent (67 percent) on vulvar skin. Its
  occurrence in the nasal passages varies with age,
  being greater in the newborn, less in adults. S.
  aureus is extremely common (80 to 100 percent) on
  the skin of patients with certain dermatologic
  diseases such as atopic dermatitis, but the reason
  for this finding is unclear.
THANKYOU

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria
Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria
Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria someshwar mankar
 
Gram staining
Gram stainingGram staining
Gram stainingAsr Cv
 
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.Daisy Saini
 
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...Harshit Saxena
 
Biochemical tests (2nd part)
Biochemical tests (2nd part)Biochemical tests (2nd part)
Biochemical tests (2nd part)Aman Ullah
 
Bacterial infection (by shakira)
Bacterial infection (by shakira)Bacterial infection (by shakira)
Bacterial infection (by shakira)Shakira Sulehri
 
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)Virendra Vaishnav
 
18 -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb
18  -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb18  -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb
18 -chapter_20_-_curved_gnbRacquel Boswell
 
Identification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriaIdentification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriaDhanashri Mali
 
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. Microbiology
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. MicrobiologyBiochemical Reaction - Prac. Microbiology
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. MicrobiologyCU Dentistry 2019
 
16 -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae
16  -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae16  -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae
16 -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceaeRacquel Boswell
 
Identification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriaIdentification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriavinaya warad
 
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7Dr. Rubz
 
Bacterial identification
Bacterial identificationBacterial identification
Bacterial identificationChota Alexander
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria
Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria
Biochemical test for identification of Bacteria
 
Gram Stains
Gram StainsGram Stains
Gram Stains
 
Ppt mikroum fixed
Ppt mikroum fixed Ppt mikroum fixed
Ppt mikroum fixed
 
Gram staining
Gram stainingGram staining
Gram staining
 
Gram stain viva 1
Gram stain viva 1Gram stain viva 1
Gram stain viva 1
 
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
 
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...
Biochemical tests and serological tests for bacterial disease diagnosis final...
 
Biochemical tests (2nd part)
Biochemical tests (2nd part)Biochemical tests (2nd part)
Biochemical tests (2nd part)
 
Bacterial infection (by shakira)
Bacterial infection (by shakira)Bacterial infection (by shakira)
Bacterial infection (by shakira)
 
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
Bacteria staining (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
 
IMViC test
IMViC testIMViC test
IMViC test
 
18 -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb
18  -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb18  -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb
18 -chapter_20_-_curved_gnb
 
Identification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriaIdentification of bacteria
Identification of bacteria
 
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. Microbiology
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. MicrobiologyBiochemical Reaction - Prac. Microbiology
Biochemical Reaction - Prac. Microbiology
 
Bacterial staining
Bacterial stainingBacterial staining
Bacterial staining
 
16 -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae
16  -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae16  -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae
16 -chapter_19_-_enterobacteriaceae
 
Staining copy
Staining    copyStaining    copy
Staining copy
 
Identification of bacteria
Identification of bacteriaIdentification of bacteria
Identification of bacteria
 
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7
Bohomolets Microbiology Lesson #7
 
Bacterial identification
Bacterial identificationBacterial identification
Bacterial identification
 

Destacado

Skin microflora / Normal Flora of Skin
Skin microflora / Normal Flora of SkinSkin microflora / Normal Flora of Skin
Skin microflora / Normal Flora of SkinThesmi Thomas
 
Normal flora of Skin
Normal flora of Skin Normal flora of Skin
Normal flora of Skin Dr Yugandar
 
Shigella sonee
Shigella soneeShigella sonee
Shigella soneeNancy-Mc
 
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignment
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignmentNormal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignment
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignmentShahbaz Ahmad
 
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209Bruno Mmassy
 
Microbial flora-of-the-human-body
Microbial flora-of-the-human-bodyMicrobial flora-of-the-human-body
Microbial flora-of-the-human-bodyAman Ullah
 
Biochemical reactions
Biochemical     reactionsBiochemical     reactions
Biochemical reactionsSaumya Singh
 

Destacado (8)

Skin microflora / Normal Flora of Skin
Skin microflora / Normal Flora of SkinSkin microflora / Normal Flora of Skin
Skin microflora / Normal Flora of Skin
 
Normal flora of Skin
Normal flora of Skin Normal flora of Skin
Normal flora of Skin
 
Shigella sonee
Shigella soneeShigella sonee
Shigella sonee
 
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignment
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignmentNormal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignment
Normal microbial flora and also its role in human defence system assignment
 
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209
Pathogenic anaerobe gram positive bls 209
 
Microbial flora-of-the-human-body
Microbial flora-of-the-human-bodyMicrobial flora-of-the-human-body
Microbial flora-of-the-human-body
 
Proteus spp (2)
Proteus spp (2)Proteus spp (2)
Proteus spp (2)
 
Biochemical reactions
Biochemical     reactionsBiochemical     reactions
Biochemical reactions
 

Similar a Identification of normal bacteriological flora of skin,

bacterial different staining technique
bacterial different staining techniquebacterial different staining technique
bacterial different staining techniqueKoi Bdk Pahang
 
Staphylococcus
StaphylococcusStaphylococcus
StaphylococcusosamaDR
 
Microorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsMicroorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsRavi Kant Agrawal
 
Microorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsMicroorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsRavi Kant Agrawal
 
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docxCoagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx4934bk
 
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
Acute Infectious DiarrheaAcute Infectious Diarrhea
Acute Infectious DiarrheaMEEQAT HOSPITAL
 
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of cholerae
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of choleraeVibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of cholerae
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of choleraeEneutron
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)Hussein Al-tameemi
 
Piperacillin & Tazobactam
Piperacillin & TazobactamPiperacillin & Tazobactam
Piperacillin & TazobactamShilpa Garg
 
1 spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014
1   spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 20141   spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014
1 spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014May Alwakil
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)Hussein Al-tameemi
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)Hussein Al-tameemi
 
classification of bacteria.pptx
classification of bacteria.pptxclassification of bacteria.pptx
classification of bacteria.pptxobedcudjoe1
 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Gram Positive BacteriaGram Positive Bacteria
Gram Positive BacteriaLaura Martin
 
Cocci Bacteria
Cocci BacteriaCocci Bacteria
Cocci BacteriaMissA18
 

Similar a Identification of normal bacteriological flora of skin, (20)

bacterial different staining technique
bacterial different staining techniquebacterial different staining technique
bacterial different staining technique
 
Staphylococcus
StaphylococcusStaphylococcus
Staphylococcus
 
Microorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsMicroorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock products
 
Microorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock productsMicroorganisms important in livestock products
Microorganisms important in livestock products
 
Viji presentation 1
Viji presentation 1Viji presentation 1
Viji presentation 1
 
Viji presentation 1
Viji presentation 1Viji presentation 1
Viji presentation 1
 
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docxCoagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus.docx
 
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
Acute Infectious DiarrheaAcute Infectious Diarrhea
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
 
Gram negative rods
Gram negative rodsGram negative rods
Gram negative rods
 
Gram negative rods
Gram negative rodsGram negative rods
Gram negative rods
 
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of cholerae
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of choleraeVibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of cholerae
Vibrio cholerae. Genera Vibrio. Treatment of cholerae
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Bacillus spp.)
 
Piperacillin & Tazobactam
Piperacillin & TazobactamPiperacillin & Tazobactam
Piperacillin & Tazobactam
 
1 spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014
1   spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 20141   spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014
1 spore-forming gram-positive bacilli 2014
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
 
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Clostridium spp.)
 
classification of bacteria.pptx
classification of bacteria.pptxclassification of bacteria.pptx
classification of bacteria.pptx
 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Gram Positive BacteriaGram Positive Bacteria
Gram Positive Bacteria
 
Cocci Bacteria
Cocci BacteriaCocci Bacteria
Cocci Bacteria
 
STAINING TECHNIQUES.pptx
STAINING TECHNIQUES.pptxSTAINING TECHNIQUES.pptx
STAINING TECHNIQUES.pptx
 

Último

COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarPrecisely
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXTarek Kalaji
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...DianaGray10
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024SkyPlanner
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UbiTrack UK
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 

Último (20)

201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 

Identification of normal bacteriological flora of skin,

  • 1. Bacteriological Analysis of Normal Flora of Skin, Nasal and Ear Specimens Sonia Akhtar, Xia Mujahid, Sobia Ishaque and Fareeha 26 April, 2012
  • 2. Introduction:  The human microbiome (or human microbiota) is the aggregate of microorganisms that reside on the surface and in deep layers of skin, ear, in the saliva and oral mucosa, in the conjunctiva, and in the gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Some of these organisms perform tasks that are useful for the human host. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are soul members of the normal flora.
  • 3. It is estimated that 500 to 1000 species of bacteria live in the human gut and a roughly similar number on the skin.Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are at least ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body (approximately 1014 versus 1013).Though members of the flora are found on all surfaces exposed to the environment (on the skin and eyes, in the mouth, nose).
  • 4. Different harmless microorganisms establish as commensals or mutualistic with the host.  Normal flora can be divided into two groups, residential flora and temporary flora.  The normal flora as well as host immune status both do not allow to infect the host.  The environmental conditions like pH, temperature, availability of oxygen, presence of moisture etc also influence their presence.
  • 5. Aim: The basic aim of this study was to analyze the normal flora of Skin, Nose and Ear
  • 6. Materials and Methods:  Samples of nose , ear & skin were collected by the normal healthy individuals by the help of swabs in aseptic conditions.  Media: which were used are nutrient agar, sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, Manitol salt agar, Muller Hinton Agar and Salt Indol Motility agar.
  • 7. Table 1. Colonial morphology, microscopic examination and hemolysis SPECIMEN BLOOD AGAR MACCONKEY AGAR NUTRIENT AGAR GRAM REACTION MOTILITY EAR 1 γ hemolysis Colorless colonies Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram positive Non-motile cocci EAR 2 β hemolysis Colorless colonies Small, rounded, golden yellow Gram positive Non-motile colonies cocci NASAL 1 β hemolysis Colorless colonies Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram Negative Non-motile diplococci NASAL 2 β hemolysis Large, shiny, mucoid , pink Large, opaque colonies Gram Negative Non-motile colonies bacilli SKIN 1 β hemolysis Colorless colonies Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram positive Non-motile cocci SKIN 2 γ hemolysis Colorless colonies Small, rounded, opaque colonies Gram positive Non-motile cocci
  • 8. Table 2. Biochemical tests for Gram negative isolates UREA LACTOSE ORGANISM SPECIMEN TSI IMViC Butt Slant H2S Gas I MR VP C NASAL 2 +ve +ve Klebsiella Acid Acid +ve -ve -ve +ve +ve +ve pneumoniae Gram negative isolated colonies TSI and Citrate results of Gram showing lactose fermentation and negative bacilli isolated from nasal mucoid growth on Macconkey agar specimen no.2 plate
  • 9. Table 3. Biochemical tests SUGARS Organism SPECIMEN GRAM UREA CAT. OXI. COAGULASE lac suc mal men identified REACTION Gram positive + - + - + + + - Streptococcus viridans EAR 1 cocci Gram positive EAR 2 cocci - + - + + + - Staphylococcus aureus Gram Negative NASAL 1 diplococci - + + - + + + - Niesseria spp. Gram Negative NASAL 2 bacilli + - + - + + + - Klebsiella pneumoniae Gram positive - - + - + + + - Streptococcus epidermidis SKIN 1 cocci Gram positive - - + - + + + - Streptococcus epidermidis SKIN 2 cocci
  • 10. Table 4. aaantibiotic succeptibility Antibiotics Culture codes P Cl S Amp Be EAR 1 - - - - - EAR 2 3mm 6mm 9mm 1mm 2mm NASAL 1 - - - - 2mm NASAL 2 - - 2mm - - SKIN 1 12mm 10mm 6mm 6mm 2mm SKIN 2 11mm 10mm 5mm 6mm 3mm Antibiotic susceptibility Isolated pure cultures from specimens
  • 11. RESULTS:  The Ear specimens 1 and 2 were identified as Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus  Nasal specimens 1 and 2 were identified as Niesseria spp.and Klebsiella pneumoniae  Nasal specimens 1 and 2 were identified as Niesseria sp  Non of the isolated organisms showed sensitivity against antibiotics
  • 12. DISCUSSION:  The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.  S. epidermidis is a major inhabitant of the skin, and in some areas it makes up more than 90 percent of the resident aerobic flora.
  • 13.  Streptococci, especially β-hemolytic streptococci, are rarely seen on normal skin. The paucity of β- hemolytic streptococci on the skin is attributed at least in part to the presence of lipids on the skin, as these lipids are lethal to streptococci.  Gram-negative bacteria make up a small proportion of the skin flora.Gram-negative bacteria, is more common in the moist intertriginous areas.
  • 14. • The nose and perineum are the most common sites for S. aureus colonization, which is present in 10 percent to more than 40 percent of normal adults. S. aureus is prevalent (67 percent) on vulvar skin. Its occurrence in the nasal passages varies with age, being greater in the newborn, less in adults. S. aureus is extremely common (80 to 100 percent) on the skin of patients with certain dermatologic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, but the reason for this finding is unclear.