Circulatory System First PPT.

1. Circulatory &
Respiratory System
Ft. Asthma &
Congestive Heart
Failure
By:
Juliana Irizarry
Rezwana Islam
Milagros Davalos
Christina Wang

2. Circulatory System
Components: Heart, blood vessels,
& blood
Heart
2 valves (Tricuspid and mitral), 2
atriums, 2 ventricles,
interventricular septum
Located in thoracic cavity

3. Blood Vessels
 Arteries, arterioles
i. Endothelium lines the inside
of artery
ii. Media - Middle of artery
iii.Adventitia - hard outside
layer of artery
iv.Aorta - Largest blood vessel
in the body

4. Function
Transports blood filled with
nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to
organs and rids them of wastes.
Systole is when the blood vessels
are contracted and diastole is
when the vessels are relaxed. Both
may be measured to find the
patient’s blood pressure.

6. Respiratory System
Key Terms
 Respiration – the sequence of evens that
results in the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the atmosphere and body
cells.
 Ventilation – breathing
 External Respiration – exchange of gases
between lungs and blood
 Cellular Respiration – Cells utilizing oxygen
for specific activities

7. Functions
People generally think of
respiratory as breathing, but
this is only one of the activities
of the respiratory system. The
body cells need a continuous
supply of oxygen for the
metabolic process that are
necessary to maintain life. The
respiratory system works with

8. Functions
Every 3-5 seconds, nerve impulses
stimulate the breathing process.
After this, there is an exchange of
gases between the lungs and blood,
which is also known as external
respiration. The blood transports
the gases to and from the tissue
cells. The exchange of gases
between blood and tissue cells is
internal respiration. Finally the
cells utilize the oxygen for their

9. Structures of the System
Nasal passages: Air entering from the nostrils is led to
the nasal passages.
Pharynx: Also known as the throat.
Trachea: Windpipe; Main tube connecting mouth to lungs.
Epiglottis: Flap that covers entrance to the trachea.
Lungs: Main organ of respiratory system.
Bronchi: Responsible for the exchange of gases between
the blood and the air.
Lungs:They are responsible for transporting oxygen from
the atmosphere into blood
and releasing carbon dioxide from blood to the
atmosphere.
Bronchioles: Small branching out tubes divided into
alveoli.
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that do the oxidation and the exhale

11. Asthma
 Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by
the inflammation
of that lungs that cause recurrent attacks of
breathlessness,
coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing. It is often
characterized by
excessive sensitivity of the lungs to various
 stimuli.
Respiratory infections and
 Asthma is often hereditary. and outdoorrange
colds  Indoor Triggers air
 from viral infections to
Cigarette smoke pollutants, including ozone
 Allergic reactions to such and particle pollution
allergies, to irritating gases and particles in
allergens as pollen, mold,  Exposure to cold air or
the air. Each person
animal dander, feather, dust, sudden temperature change
reacts differently to  Excitement/stress
food, and cockroaches the factors that may
trigger asthma, including:  Exercise

12.  One of the most effective medications for
controlling
asthma is inhaled Corticosteroids, which are anti
inflammatory
medications. Taken early and as directed, these
well tolerated
10 Worst Cities for Asthma: 10 Best Cities For Asthma:
and safe medications can improve Moines, Iowa
1. Allentown, PA 1. Des asthma control,
2. normalize lung
McAllen, Texas 2. Charleston, S.C.
function, and possibly preventOmaha, Neb.
3. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 3. irreversible injury
4. St. lung airways.
to Louis, MO 4. Austin, Texas
5. Hartford, Connecticut 5. Kansas City, Mo.
6. Chattanooga, Tennessee 6. Baton Rouge, La.
7. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 7. Greenville, S.C.
8. Knoxville, Tennessee 8. Portland, Ore.
9. New Haven, Connecticut 9. Seattle, Wash.
10.Memphis, Tennessee 10. Boise, Idaho

13. What is an Asthma Attack?
An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of asthma
symptoms caused by the tightening of muscles around
your airways (bronchospasm). During the asthma
attack, the lining of the airways also becomes swollen
or inflamed and thicker mucus -- more than normal --
is produced. All of these factors bronchospasm,
inflammation, and mucus production -- cause symptoms
of an asthma attack such as difficulty breathing,
 Severe wheezing when  Tightened neck and chest
wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty
breathing both in and out muscles, called
performing normal daily activities. Other symptoms of
 Coughing that won't stop  retractions
 Very rapid breathing
an asthma attack may include: Difficulty talking

 Chest pain or pressure  Feelings of anxiety or panic
 Pale, sweaty face
 Blue lips or fingernails

14. Some useful tips!
 If you have allergies and asthma, it’s important to minimize
your exposure to
allergens (substances to which you are allergic). Allergen
exposure can temporarily
increase the inflammation of the airways in a person with asthma
making them more
susceptible to an asthma attack. Avoiding or minimizing contact
with the substance
you are allergic to can help prevent an asthma attack.
 Smoke and asthma are a bad mix. Minimize exposure to all
sources of smoke,
including tobacco, incense, candles, fires, and fireworks. Do not
allow smoking in your
home or car, and avoid public places that permit smoking. If you
smoke cigarettes,
get help to quit successfully. Smoking always makes asthma
worse.

16. Congestive Heart Failure
 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) – A chronic
inability of the heart to maintain an adequate
output of blood from one or both ventricles,
resulting in an inadequate blood supply to
the body tissues and retention of fluid.
 Congestive heart failure usually occurs in the
Left Side Heart Failure
elderly.
1. Pulmonary edema occurs when air sacs in the lungs
are filled with fluid.
2. It occurs because the left side of the heart is not
efficiently pumping blood to and from the lungs.
Right-Sided Heart Failure
1. Fluid builds up beginning with the feet and legs.
2. It can also be effected by the liver, gastrointestinal
tract, or arms.

17. About CHF
The symptoms of CHF vary, but can
include
1. Fatigue
2. Diminished exercise capacity
3. Shortness of breath
4. Swelling
5. Coughing
The goals of congestive heart failure
treatment are to:
1. Treat the underlying cause of your
heart failure.
2.Improve your symptoms and quality of