Scientific Research..and Rebuilding our Nation

1. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH..
AND REBUILDING OUR NATION
Prepared By : Yahia Mohamed Reda
Benha university
Faculty of science
Chemistry department

2. Index
 Introduction
 How to do scientific research?
 Scientific ethics
 How to make a scientific proposal

3. Why isn’t there any real scientific
research in the Arab world…?!

4. Clear strategy and policy
Information industry
Coordination (industry VS research)
Fund
Academic freedom

5. Research process
1
2
3
4
5
6

6. 1 2 3
4 5 6

7. How to do Research?

8. 1- Ask a Question
2- Perform Background Research
3- Form a Hypothesis
4- Perform an Experiment and Collect Data
5- Analyze Results and Draw Conclusions
6- Report Results

9. Research Process
Research is an extremely cyclic process. 

10. Step 1: A Question Is Raised
A question occurs to or is posed
to the researcher for which that
researcher has no answer.
This doesn’t mean that someone else doesn’t already have an
answer.
The question needs to be converted to an appropriate
problem statement like that documented in a research
proposal.

11. Step 2: Suggest Hypotheses
The researcher generates intermediate hypotheses to describe a
solution to the problem.
This is at best a temporary solution since there is as yet no
evidence to support either the acceptance or rejection of these
hypotheses.

12. Step 3: Literature Review
The available literature is reviewed to determine if there is
already a solution to the problem.
Existing solutions do not always explain new observations.
The existing solution might require some revision or even be
discarded.

13. Step 4: Experiment and Collect Data
The researcher now begins to gather data relating
to the research problem.
The means of data acquisition will often change
based on the type of the research problem.
This might entail only data gathering, but it could
also require the creation of new measurement
instruments.

14. Step 5: Data Analysis
The data that were gathered in the previous step are
analyzed as a first step in ascertaining their meaning.
As before, the analysis of the data does not constitute
research.
This is basic number crunching.

15. Step 6: conclusion
The researcher interprets the newly analyzed data and
suggests a conclusion.
The data will either support the hypotheses or they won’t

21. I will welcome constructive criticism of my personal scientific
research and
offer the same to my colleagues in a manner that fosters mutual
respect
amid objective scientific debate.

24. Research Proposal

25. Research Proposal
The Research Proposal is a complete description of the
intended research, developed under the supervision of
the assigned supervisor

26. Research proposal structure
1. Project Title
The title should be short but descriptive enough so
that anyone reading it would know what to
expect

27. 2. Introduction
The Introduction supplies sufficient background
information to allow the reader to understand and
evaluate the proposal of your work without needing
to refer to previous publications on the topic

28. Choose references carefully to provide the most important background
information
What is the general technical/application area in which you will be working?
What is the general problem that you are trying to solve, and how did the
problem arise?
Why is its solution interesting or worthwhile? What benefits would there be to
solving this problem?
What will be the contribution or significance of your research if it is successful?

29. 3.Review of Literature
This will give the reader an idea whether you
have done your “homework” and know enough
about the topic to start with the research project.
The more references you can find that relate to
the given problem statement, the more credibility
it will have

30. 4. Project Description
Problem statement
It is very important that a real-world problem must exists for which there is currently no
effective solution.
b. Project scope
Why are you doing it?
What will the research deliver, for example a model, framework, method, prototype
How do you know the research was successful? What will you use as a measure?
Assumptions – Do you start the research project using any assumptions due to a lack of facts?

31. C. Project objectives
The project scope statement is broken down into
several project objectives that each relate to the
project scope.(SMART)
If all the objectives have been met then the
research would have been successful

32. D. Research approach
The approach refers to the research method that you
will use
Give a brief summary of what this method entails
(the process or steps)and motivate why it is suitable
to your research problem?
What equipment or other resources will you need?

33. E. Project deliverables
What do you aim to deliver at the end of the
project

34. 5. Layout
This section should give a brief outline and short description of the
chapters of the research .
Each chapter should be linked to a research objective.

35. Suggested layout
Chapter 1 – Introduction (based on the content of this proposal)
Chapter 2 – Background / Overview (summary of literature review)
Chapter 3 – Research methodology (explanation and motivation of research method to
be used)
Chapters [n] – The body of the research
Chapter [last chapter – Conclusion (Show how the objectives were achieved)
For each chapter, a brief description should be given to explain the intended content.

36. 6. Project plan
Making a schedule of the principal
activities and events is a good way of
showing the readers that you are taking
a systematic approach to planning your
work

37. 7. Limitations or constraints
Document the limitations that could prevent you
from successfully completing this project

38. 8. List of references / sources
A List of resources and links you will use and why
they will benefit your research.

39. Assignment
Each team will provide a proposal for their scientific
research by the next lecture … deadline must be
taken seriously
If you do not hand in your proposal on time you will
be eliminated

40. Dr.yahia1@yahoo.com
www.facebook.com/yahia.reda
We believe … We will achieve