1. THE PENTAGRAM MODEL
An innovative route to sustainability
from Coxswain Consulting, LLC
Anup Rao
Divyansh Agarwal
Eric Parrie TEAM #11
Sabyasachi Chatterjee
Shashi Bhushan Sinha

2. STATUS QUO: A BROKEN CYCLE
Issues Ideas Impact
Politics
Mining as % of RSA
GDP
Outcomes Policies
30
21
20 1970
10 6 2012
People Programs 0
2

3. THEORY OF CHANGE
Issues Ideas Impact
INCENTIVES INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION
DATA REPORTING ACCOUNTABILITY
SAFETY STABILITY PRODUCTIVITY
3

4. PUBLIC INNOVATIONS
Issues Ideas Impact
Sustainable
On-site Health Mining
Centers Institute
POLICIES Data
Sustainability
Collection &
Bonus
Publication
Race to the Top
4

5. ON-SITE HEALTH CENTERS
Issues Ideas Impact
• Gradual build to 368 centers COST ESTIMATE
nationwide • INITIAL: $100 M
• RECURRING: $500M
• Deliver preventive care and
treatment services to miners and RATIONALE
• Preventive care will improve health ,
their families increase productivity, and reduce long-
term costs
• Low cost drugs for DR-TB using • Health centers will supplement data
collection and transfer
Social Impact Bond
• Report data instantly to Ministries RISK
of Health and Mining • Volatile drug prices balloon costs
HEALTH
5

6. SEE & SOLVE DATA SYSTEM
Issues Ideas Impact
COST ESTIMATE
• Creates transparency for accidents,
• INITIAL: $300 M
miner health, and environmental • RECURRING: $100 M
impact
• Enables identification of best and RATIONALE
• Must have means to track performance
worst practices • Changes culture within mining firms
• Worker health data is lacking in • Builds process knowledge within mines
and across the industry (ALCOA)
current system
RISK
• Agencies may lack data analysis
expertise
• Difficult to setup.
HEALTH
6

7. RACE TO THE TOP
Issues Ideas Impact
• Companies compete for COST ESTIMATE
annual grants awarded for • STARTUP: $1 B
development of best • RECURRING: $100M / year
practices RATIONALE
• Pushes firms to innovate
• Leverages expertise within firms,
preventing inefficient regulation
• Ensures that best practices become
PRIZE SCALE standard practices
RISK
• Implementing best practices may be
complicated in absence of statute
• Financial incentive may not be strong
enough for MNCs
HEALTH
7

8. SUSTAINABILITY BONUS PROGRAM
Issues Ideas Impact
• Firms that achieve COST ESTIMATE
sustainability benchmarks • STARTUP: $100 M
• RECURRING: $100M / year
receive a financial award
from the state RATIONALE
• Ex: Hazard Mitigation • Pushes firms to innovate
– Installation of UV lamps • Leverages expertise within firms,
preventing inefficient regulation
– Stronger infrastructure to
prevent floor fall accidents
– Accident rates in lowest RISK
quintile • Demand could outstrip supply
HEALTH
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9. INSTITUTE of SUSTAINABLE MINING
Issues Ideas Impact
• Supports public health and COST ESTIMATE
mining science research • STARTUP: $300 M
• RECURRING: $100 M / year
• Draws talented
practitioners from around RATIONALE
the world • Current schools are dedicated to
engineering not sustainability
• Develops the next
generation of miners and RISK
officials from RSA • Language diversity complicates
instruction
• Traveling to the institute could be cost-
prohibitive for low-income students
HEALTH
9

10. BUDGET
Issues Ideas Impact
FY 13 FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
RTTT 1000 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
ISM 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Bonus 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Data 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
OSHC 100 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
TOTAL 1800 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900
All amounts listed in USD (millions)
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11. PROJECTED IMPACT
ON-SITE HEALTH
SUSTAINABILITY BONUS PROGRAM RACE TO THE TOP
CENTERS
INSTITUTE of
SEE & SOLVE DATA
SUSTAINABLE
SYSTEM
MINING
Better
Infrastructure
and expanded
expertise
Improved
Increased
living and
MNC
working
investments
conditions
Heightened
Labor
Productivity
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12. THANK YOU
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13. APPENDICES
• MHSC Award Scheme
• Budget: Indian School of Mining
• Summary Table of the types of mining injury
• Social Impact Bonds
• Budget: Moradabad TB center
• ALCOA incident reporting system
• Effectiveness of ALCOA system
• Precious Persons Pension Plan
• Occupational lung disease in the South African mining
industry: Research and policy implementation
• References
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14. A: CURRENT MHSC AWARD SCHEME (1)
The Mine Health and Safety Council Award Scheme is governed by a set of rules. A mine wishing
to participate in the awards scheme administered by the Inspectorate must comply with the
following rules:
• It must be registered as a mine with the Directorate: Mineral Economics of the Department of
Mineral Resources;
• It must be in continuous operation for the qualifying period;
• Qualifying shifts commence from the date of registration with the Mine Health and Safety
Inspectorate;
• The manager must define the participating entity and this participating entity must be
registered with the Mine Health and Safety Inspectorate;
• A monthly report of labour and shifts must be submitted to the Department of Mineral
Resources for each participating entity within the registered mine;
• The size of the participating entity will be limited (where possible) to a size where the
participating entity will take approximately six months or more to qualify for one million fatality
free shifts;
• Participating entities will be allowed to take part in one or more of the categories of the scheme
with the following exception: a participating entity may take part in either the Millionaire Award
or the Thousand Fatality-Free Production Shifts Award, but not both.
• The participating entity must be described on the registration form. The form must be
submitted before a participating entity will be allowed to participate in the awards scheme.
• Should a participant withdraw from an awards scheme, it may rejoin provided it complies
with the rules.
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15. B: CURRENT MHSC AWARD SCHEME (2)
• The Millionaire's Award category recognizes the milestone of achieving one million (1,000,000)
fatality-free shifts on any mine. To be eligible to enter, a mine, or a portion thereof, must be in
continuous operation and form a participating entity as defined by the manager.
• • The Thousand Fatality-Free Production Shifts Award category recognizes the milestone of
achieving one thousand (1,000) fatality-free production shifts on any mine. To be eligible for this
award, a mine, or a portion thereof, must be operational and form a participating entity as defined
by the manager.
• • The Safety Achievement Flag is awarded to the mines that have the highest improvement in their
allocated risk (days lost when comparing two consecutive three-year periods, the same periods that
is used to calculate the Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee Levy). The categories are
pided into:
• • Ultra-deep (deeper than 2,000m) gold and platinum mines;
• • Shallow to deep (less than 2,000m) gold and platinum mines;
• • Coal mines; and
• • Other mines.
• • Inpidual awards are presented to any inpidual, or a group of inpiduals (such as a mine rescue
team or a mine safety committee) that has contributed to the overall health and safety programme
of a mine in a manner that has led to a significant improvement in conditions at that mine may be
nominated by the mine's manager or the employee representatives for an Inpidual Award. The
Mine Health and Safety Council will assess the nomination and determine whether or not such a
nomination is warranted. Any specific acts of bravery will also be considered for this award.
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16. C: BUDGET: INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINING
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17. D: MINING INJURY TYPES 2010-2011
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18. E: SOCIAL IMPACT BONDS
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19. F: BUDGET: MORADABAD TB CONTROL CENTER
SOURCE: http://care.prajnopaya.org/index.php/prajnopaya-foundation/162-moradabadold
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20. G: COST ESTIMATION of UV GERMICIDAL TECHNOLOGY
Cost of 10 16mW UV germicidal 25$
Area occupied by the mining 87,600km2
lamp at 254nm
industries and workers
Cost of scaling the germicidal 920,000$
lamps to all the residing areas of
mine workers
Data based on Mineral Commodity Summaries Report, see references
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21. H: RESEARCH SUPPORTING CONTROLLED USE of UV TECHNOLOGY
Bhattacharya et al, 2001
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22. I: ALCOA SEE & SOLVE ACCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM
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23. J: EFFECTIVENESS of ALCOA SEE & SOLVE SYSTEM
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24. K: OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE in THE MINING INDUSTRY: RESEARCH
Study Context Date Outcome
Steen et 304 former gold 1994 Very few miners with occupational lung disease
al miners living in had been compensated (proportion not specified)
Thamanga, Botswana
Trapido 238 former gold 1996 62% of those eligible not compensated. Only
et al miners living in 2.5% fully compensated
Eastern Cape, South
Africa
Murray All 2530 miners who 1999 19% cases had occupational lung disease not
et al came to autopsy identified and submitted for compensation in life,
or more severe disease than had been
compensated in life.
Roberts 205 former miners, 2008 85% reported not receiving the statutory medical
et al Eastern Cape, South examination when leaving the mine (which is
Africa partly to identify compensable disease). 203/205
(99%) did not know of the Compensation Act
and its benefits
Maiphetl 84 former mine 1993- 17/84 (20%) recorded as having received
ho et al workers diagnosed 2005 compensation. Median time from submission of
with silicosis at medical records to receipt of award was 51
Groote Schuur months (range 22–84 months)
Hospital, Cape Town,
and submitted for
compensation
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25. L: OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE in THE MINING INDUSTRY: POLICY
25

26. REFERENCES
• Chamber of Mines of South Africa. “Facts & Figures 2010.”
Chamber of Mines of South Africa Publications. 2011.
• South African Legislature. “Occupational Diseases in Mines and
Works Act.” Publications of South African Legislature. 1973
• State President’s Office. “Occupational Disease in Mines and Works
Amendment Act, 1993.” Publications of State President’s Office.
January 1994.
• Alvarez-Rivera, Manuel. “Republic of South Africa General
Elections Results Lookup (1994).” Election Resources on the
Internet. September 2010.
• McClenaghan, Maeve. “South African Massacre Was the Tip of an
Iceberg.” Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 18 October 2012.
• Steen, Gyi, White, et al. “Prevalence of occupational lung disease
among Botswana men formerly employed in the South African
mining industry.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
54:19-26. 1997.
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27. • Trapido, Mqoqi, Williams, et al. “Prevalence of occupational lung
disease in a random sample of former mineworkers, Libode District,
Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.” American Journal of Industrial
Medicine. 34:305-313. 1998.
• Girdler-Brown, White, et al. “The burden of silicosis, pulmonary
tuberculosis and COPD among former Basotho goldminers.” Aurum
Institute for Health Research. 2008.
• Park, Girdler-Brown, Churchyard, et al. “Incidence of tuberculosis and
HIV and progression of silicosis and lung function impairment among
former Basatho gold miners.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine.
52:901-908 (2009).
• Girdler-Brown, et al. 2008.
• Corbett, Charalambous, et al. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Tuberculosis in African Gold Miners”.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 170.
2004.
• Corno and de Walque. “Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern
Africa.” Journal of African Economies. 21:3. 2012.
• Garzarelli, Giampaolo, Lyndal Keeton-Stolk, and Volker Schoer.
“Workers’ Compensation in the Republic of South Africa.” 19 Mar.
2008.
• “http://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2004/5/theminingcharter.pdf.”
2004.
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28. • Murray, Jill, Tony Davies, and David Rees. “Occupational Lung
Disease in the South African Mining Industry: Research and Policy
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S79. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.
• Sonjica, Buyelwa. "Keynote Address." 5th Mine Health and Safety
Council Summit. Department of Minerals and Energy.
Johannesburg. 5 Oct. 2007.
• “Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South
African Mining Industry.”
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• PAUL, AK, “Enhanced UV Sensitivity of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Resulting from Caffeine and Acriflavine Treatment of Irradiated
Cells”. Current Microbiology Vol. 43 (2001), pp. 149–153
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29. • Hargy, T.M., J.L. Clancy, and Z. Bukhari. “Shedding UV Light on the
Cryptosporidium Threat.” In NSF Proceedings of the Small Drinking
Water and Wastewater Systems. International Symposium and
Technology Expo: Phoenix, Arizona. 2000
• Malley, J.P., G.A. Snicer, and A.M. Doucette. “Alternative Disinfection
Strategies for
• Small Systems.” In Small Systems Water Treatment Technologies:
State of the Art
• Workshop. NEWWA Joint Regional Operations Conference and
Exhibition: Marlborough, Massachusetts. 1998.
• Parrotta, M.J. and F. Bekdash. “UV Disinfection of Small
Groundwater Supplies.” Journal of the American Water Works
Association. AWWA: Denver. 1998.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996.
• Ultraviolet Light Disinfection Technology in Drinking Water
Application—An Overview. Office of Water: Washington, D.C. EPA/
811-R-96-002.
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30. • Hargy, T.M., J.L. Clancy, and Z. Bukhari. “Shedding UV Light on the
Cryptosporidium Threat.” In NSF Proceedings of the Small Drinking
Water and Wastewater Systems. International Symposium and
Technology Expo: Phoenix, Arizona. 2000
• Malley, J.P., G.A. Snicer, and A.M. Doucette. “Alternative Disinfection
Strategies for Small Systems.” In Small Systems Water Treatment
Technologies: State of the Art Workshop. NEWWA Joint Regional
Operations Conference and Exhibition: Marlborough, Massachusetts.
1998.
• Parrotta, M.J. and F. Bekdash. “UV Disinfection of Small
Groundwater Supplies.” Journal of the American Water Works
Association. AWWA: Denver. 1998.
• Mineral Commodity Summaries Report.
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gold/mcs-
2008-gold.pdf. 2009
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
Technology in Drinking Water Application—An Overview. Office of
Water: Washington, D.C. EPA/ 811-R-96-002. 1996.
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