The Staten Island Ferry has provided transportation between Staten Island and Manhattan since the early 19th century. It began as a private operation under the Richmond Turnpike Company in 1817 using steamboats. Cornelius Vanderbilt gained control of the ferry in 1838. Two major disasters occurred on the ferry in the late 19th century: the 1871 boiler explosion of the Westfield that killed over 80 people, and the 1901 sinking of the Northfield after a collision. The City of New York assumed control of the ferry service in 1905.

1. Introduction Sets to Stranger
Major Studio
Wenwen & Yang
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2. Introduction Sets to Stranger
Location: Staten Island Ferry
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3. Introduction Sets to Stranger
History:
In the 18th century, ferry service between Staten
Island and the city of New York (then occupying
only the southern tip of Manhattan) was conducted
by private individuals with "periaugers", shallow-
draft, two-masted sailboats used for local traffic in
New York harbor.
In the early 19th century, Vice President (and former New
York governor) Daniel D. Tompkins secured a charter for the
Richmond Turnpike Company, as part of his efforts to develop
the village of Tompkinsville; though intended to build a
highway across Staten Island, the company also received the
right to run a ferry to New York. The Richmond Turnpike
Company is the direct ancestor of the current municipal ferry.
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4. Introduction Sets to Stranger
History:
In 1817 the Richmond Turnpike Company began to
run the first motorized ferry between New York and
Staten Island, the steam-powered Nautilus. It was
commanded by Captain John De Forest, the
brother-in-law of a young man namedCornelius
Vanderbilt. In 1838 Vanderbilt, who had grown
wealthy in the steamboat business in New York
waters, bought control of the company. Except for
a brief period in the 1850s, he would remain the
dominant figure in the ferry until the Civil War,
when he sold it to the Staten Island Railway, led by
his brother Jacob Vanderbilt. (Three of the Staten
Island ferries were requisitioned by the United
States Army for service in the war, but none ever
returned to New York harbor.)
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5. Introduction Sets to Stranger
History:
Westfield disaster
Westfield disaster, an 1871 wood
engraving. During the 1850s, Staten
Island developed rapidly, and the
ferry accordingly grew in importance.
But the poor condition of the boats
became a source of chronic complaint,
as did the limited schedule. The opening of the Staten Island Railway in 1860
increased traffic further and newer boats were acquired, named after thetowns of
Richmond County which covered the whole of Staten Island. One of these ferries, the
Westfield, came to grief when its boiler exploded while sitting in its slip at South Ferry
at about 1:30 in the afternoon of July 30, 1871 The New York Times described the
disaster. Within days of the disaster, some 85 were identified as dead and hundreds
injured, and several more were added to the death toll in the weeks following. Jacob
Vanderbilt, president of the Staten Island Railway, was arrested for murder, though he
escaped conviction. The engineer of Westfield was a black man, which aroused
openly racist commentary in New York's newspapers, though Vanderbilt stoutly
defended his employee. Victims were never compensated for damages
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6. Introduction Sets to Stranger
History:
Northfield accident and city ownership
On June 14, 1901 the SIRT ferry Northfield was leaving the ferry port at
Whitehall when it was struck by a Jersey Central Ferry and sank
immediately. There were two full deck crews aboard Northfield and their
swift actions ensured that out of 995 passengers aboard, only five
ended up missing, presumed drowned. This accident, though minor in
comparison to the Westfield Disaster, was seized upon by the City of
New York as a justification to seize control of the SIRT ferries, Staten
Island now being officially part of New York City, as the Borough of
Richmond. Ferry service was assumed by the city's Department of
Docks and Ferries in 1905. Five new ferries, one named for each of the
new boroughs, were commissioned.
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7. Introduction Sets to Stranger
Observation: 2012.10.05-2012.10.07
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