2. Acknowledgement
 I am very thankful to everyone who all supported me, for I
have completed my project effectively and moreover on
time.
I am equally grateful to my teacher Ms Anita Nirmesh.She
gave me moral support and guided me in different matters
regarding the topic.She had been very kind and patient
while suggesting me the outlines of this project and
correcting my doubts.I thank her for her overall supports.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents
who helped me a lot in gathering different information,
collecting data and guiding me from time to time in
making this project .Despite of their busy schedules ,they
gave me different ideas in making this project unique.
Thanking you

3. Content:
1.Introduction POVERTY And POVERTY LINE
2.Social Exclusion
3.Vulnerability
4.Inter-state Disparities
5.Global Poverty
6. Causes Of Poverty
7.Anti-poverty (Programmes By Government)

4. Introduction:
POVERTY and POVERTY LINE
POVERTY:
Every forth person in India is poor.This means, roughly 260
million(or 26 crore) people in India live in poverty.This also
means that has the largest single concentration of the poor in
the world.This illustration the seriousness of the challenge.
POVERTY LINE:
A common method used to measure poverty is based on the
income or consumption levels.A person is considered poor if
his/her income or consumption level falls below a given
“minimum level” necessary to fulfill their basic needs.
Poverty line is also below from low line.

5. Social Exclusion
Poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live
only in a poor surrounding with other poor people,
excluded from enjoying social equality of better-off
people in better surroundings.Social Exclusion can be
both a cause as well as consequence of poverty in usual
sense.

6. Vulnerability
Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes
the greater probability of certain communities(Members
of a backward caste) or individuals(such as widow or a
physically handicapped person)of becoming , or
remaining, poor in the coming years.In fact,
vulnerability describes the greater probability of being
more adversely affected than other people when bad
time comes for everybody, whether a flood or an
earthquake or simply a fall in the availability of jobs!

7. Inter-State Disparities
The proportion of poor people is not the same in every
state. Recent estimate show that in 20 states and union
territories the poverty ratio is less than the national
average. On the other hand, poverty is still a serious in
Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. Along
with rural poverty, Urban poverty is also high in Orissa,
Madhya Pradesh(MP),Bihar and Uttar Pradesh(UP).

8. Global Poverty
The proportion of people in developing countries living
in extreme economic poverty-has fallen from 28% in
1990 to 21% in 2001.Although there has been a
substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with
great regional differences .Number of poors in China has
come down from 606 million in 1981 to 212 million in
2001.

9. CAUSES OF POVERTY
 British Rule
 Rural Economy
 Heavy Pressure of Population
 Lack of Proper Industrialisation
 Social Factors
 India economy Policy
 Neo-Liberal Policies and Their Effects
 Chronic Unemployment and underemployment

10. Anti-Poverty (Programmes by Government)
The current anti-poverty strategy of the government is
based on so many schemes which are formulated to affect
poverty directly or indirectly. Some of them are:
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOMENT GUARANTEE ACT
NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME
PRIME MINISTER ROZGAR YOZANA
RURAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME
SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOGANA
MANTRI GRAMODAYA YOGANA