2. Standard of passing
60% periodic evaluation
40% semester end examination
Passing: 50% in each paper
3. Question paper pattern
Attempt any 5 questions out of 8 questions.
Each question carries 8 marks.
In each question there will be 5 sub questions
and out of which 4 needs to be answer,
carrying 2 marks each.
4. Chapters
Research
Research design/ Methods
Data collection/ Processing/ Analyzing
Sampling techniques
Scaling
Hypothesis-testing
Classification / Tabulation
Report writing
5. What comes in your mind?
Research – why, what, where, how, types,
when, methods, process, design, etc..
Data- primary/ secondary
Literature review
Analysis of data- statistical
Report writing
Software
6. Example
Want to reach Mumbai University (MU)
from Kurla(C) railway station.
?
Data- Internet, mobile, expert opinion
Hypothesis – Authentic data
Analysis- time. energy, rupees etc..
Solution- auto, taxi, bus, walk, run etc..
7. Research
?
Purpose is to find answers
Systematic & scientific methods
Formulating hypothesis
Data collection
Analysis
Solution
8. “Young” defines research,
‘ a scientific undertaking which by means of logical
& systematic techniques’, aims to,
Discover new facts or verify old facts,
Analyze their sequences, interrelationships and
casual explanation,
Develop new scientific tools, concepts and
theories which would facilitate reliable and valid
study of human behavior.1
Reference-
1.Young PaulineV, scientific, social surveys and research, New Delhi: Prentice
Hall of India, 1937, p. 30.
9. Research is to re-search
from available primary and secondary
data into relevant information
to form a substantial knowledge.
11. Objectives
To find answers by using systematic &
scientific methods.
To find out new facts.
Brings out Hidden Information.
Verify & test existing facts and theories.
Develop new tools, concepts and
theories.
Contributes to national development.
12. Example
New facts:
Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) was a
Portuguese explorer who discovered an
ocean route from Portugal to the East
Hidden information:
CID/ CBI inquires, Special committees,
Adarsh scam.
13. Characteristics
Systematic & critical investigation.
Purposive investigation.
Adopts scientific methods.
Objective & logical, applying possible
tests.
Observable experience or empirical
evidence.
Directed towards finding answers.
Development of principles or theories.
14. General terms in research
Scientific methods
Step by step procedure following the logical
processes of reasoning.
Mode of investigation.
Systematized form of analysis.
Reasoning
Induction Deduction
15. Induction:
Studying several individuals, cases & drawing
generalizations.
Deduction:
Applying a general accepted principles to a specific
individual case.
Particular General
General Particular
16. Theory:
A frustrated person, who is unable or afraid to
express his aggression directly towards to perceived
source of his frustration, may divert his aggression
into another channel.
The standard of living of family is the function of its
income, size & life style.
It is the gradual outgrowth of constructive study of
the accumulated sorted facts.
17. Example
Frustrated manager takes it out on
subordinate instead of his boss.
Provides basis for studying consumer
behavior and formulating appropriate
marketing strategies.
18. Facts:
Empirically verifiable observation.
Process of classification
Example: counting the number of vehicles plying on a road
Hypothesis:
Preliminary assumption i.e. guess
Relationship:
Research>Assumption>Facts>Theories
(Scientific methods, tools, data , old facts )
20. Research contributes to,
Initiates theory
Test an existing theory
Reformulation
Theory contribute to,
Suggest problem for study
Giving hypothesis
Providing conceptual models
At the end it is social science, deals with observation
& experiments.
