An anthology for the contents covered in academic English for 10th grade Credits: CONED

1. UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL A DISTANCIA
COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A
DISTANCIA
COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA
INGLÉS DÉCIMO
CÓDIGO: 80019
ANTOLOGÍAS CONED
2011

2. El CONED agradece a HAZEL
VIVIANA ALFARO SALAS por la elección y presentación
de los temas de la presente antología, así como el aporte a la educación secundaria a distancia.
Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los
datos, no implican de parte del CONED o la UNED juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de
personas, países, territorios, ciudades o de autoridades.
MATERIAL SIN FINES COMERCIALES PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DE
ESTUDIANTES DEL COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA
CONED
Dirección General: : Clara Vila Santo Domingo
Coordinación Académica: Jéssica Ramírez Achoy
Coordinación Administrativa: Jéssica Vega Barrientos
Asistente Coordinación Académica: Jonathan Soto
Coordinación de Inglés: Olman Alfonso Cantillo Badilla
Teléfonos 22-58-22-09 / 22-55-30-42 / 22-21-29-95
Página Web: http//www.coned.ac.cr
© 2011, CONED.
2

3. INDEX .
10º LEVEL
1. Achievements of our national athletes…………………………
4
2. Costa Rican Art, music and
crafts…………………………………………………………….…
32
3. Costa Rican typical
food…………………………………………………………….....
45
4. Holidays and celebrations in Costa Rica with some celebrations in English
Speaking countries………….....................................................
74
5. Causes and effects of natural resources
misuse……………………………………………………………..
110
6. Tourist attractions offered by Costa Rican
Communities……………………………………………………….
137
7. Common illnesses and new diseases and
epidemics………………………………………………………….....
160
8. Our Democratic
Tradition……………………………………………………………..
186
9. Careers, jobs and
lifestyles………………………………………………………...........
200
10. Answer key…………………………………………………………..
222
11. Bibliography…………………………………………………………
225
3

4. First unit:
ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR NATIONAL
ATHLETES.
4

5. Objectives

Making use of new vocabulary and structures encountered in their reading to
respond orally and in writing.

Writing coherently and accurately on a range of factual and imaginative topics.

Drawing inferences.

Identifying the purpose of short messages

Understanding short and factual texts.

Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences.

Understanding conceptual meaning.
National athletes: lives and achievements.
 Information questions: who, when, where, how fast/long, which, etc.
 What sports does ____ play?
Are you good at ____?
 What’s his/her best ____?
 Sports: swimming, diving, archery, canoeing, etc.
 National athletes: achievements, biography, etc.
Functions:
Reporting and describing events.
Narrating information.
Asking for and giving information about national athletes, their lives and
achievements.
Sports and Equipment
Instructions. Match each of the following sports with the correct picture
below:
......skiing
…….cycling
…….badminton
5
…….fishing

6. ……golf
…….darts
…….table-tennis
…….running
……diving
……volleyball
…….hockey
…….boxing
……horse-riding
…….motor-racing …...soccer
…….football
…….ice skating
……basketball
…... baseball
1
2
…….tennis
4
3
5
9
8
7
1
0
6
15
11
12
13
14
16
17
19
20
18
Can you find the following sporting items in the pictures above? Write down
the correct numbers!
___boxing glove
___helmet
___snorkel
6
___flippers.

7. ___running track
___baseball bat
___golf club
___skates
___racing car
___hockey stick
___ basketball
___fishing rod
___saddle
___skis
___target
___basket
___net
___shuttlecock
___bicycle
___darts
___basketball
___tennis racket
___table-tennis
___running shoe
___football
___skiing-stick
___horse
___baseball glove
___badminton racket
Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
1. score
___person who takes part in a sport or game
2. team
___someone who watches a sporting event
3. amateur
___a person who controls a sports match
4. match
___number of points or goals each team / player has
5. spectator
___someone who plays a sport as a paid job
6. professional
___a large group of peple who watch a sporting event
7. referee
___a group of sportsmen who play together
8. crowd
___an organized game e.g. of football
9. player
___a person who plays a sport for enjoyment, not for
money
Sports are very important for many people. If you want to express that someone is
nice, fair and a good friend you say,“He is a good sport!“
Are you sporting / sportive / sporty/ a sportswoman / a sportsman?
7

8. What are your favourite kinds of sports? Write a short text about yourself!
How often do you play it? What equipment do you need to play it?
Scuba Diving in Costa Rica
Would you like to try scuba diving? Why or Why not? What animals would you like
to see in the ocean?
What do you know about this activity? Look at some
important equipment needed to practice it.
8

9. Taken from: http://louisvillediving.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/scuba-diver2.jpg
Read the following information about diving in Costa Rica.
Diving in Costa Rica
The ideal destination for adventure travelers, Costa Rica is filled with plenty to
see and much to do. A tropical haven for those who enjoy the outdoors, this
small country with its magnificent biodiversity is fast becoming one of the
hottest tourist destinations on the planet. Biologically intense on land as well as
underwater, Costa Rica offers nature lovers the perfect environment to view a
plethora of wildlife species in their natural habitat.
One of the best ways to get a first hand glimpse of Costa Rica’s stunning
underwater marine life is through a scuba diving tour. Scuba diving is all the
rage in Costa Rica at the moment, with many tour groups and travel agencies
now offering underwater trips and excursions. A number of dive companies are
also found all across the country, and scuba diving facilities in Costa Rica are
now world class. With professional PADI instruction courses as well as top
quality dive shops with equipment rental services, scuba diving here has
reached new heights.
9

10. Massive schools of fish, an amazing array of marine life and an ideal water
temperature throughout the year, has meant that scuba diving conditions in
Costa Rica are near perfect. While some of the Pacific Coast of the country
does not have much to offer, as the underwater visibility is quite low; in places
like Playas del Coco, Playa Hermosa and Playa Ocotal, scuba diving is actually
quite good. Here one gets the opportunity to see giant manta rays, swimming
alongside brightly colored tropical fish and sharks.
One of the best scuba diving zones on the Pacific Coast is off Bahia Drake or
Drake Bay. Visit the Isla del Caño and the Isla del Coco off the bay and you will
be treated to some spectacular underwater sights. These two islands have an
abundance of marine life off their coast, where one can encounter sharks,
turtles and many different species fish. The Isla del Caño is said to be the best
place to scuba dive in the country. Home to 18 species of coral, 3 species of
dolphin and 57 different species of crustaceans, this tiny island is the ultimate
scuba diving spot.
On the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica, scuba diving is a real treat.
Unfortunately, this area has not been properly developed and the facilities for
scuba diving here are not as good as they are on the Pacific Coast. If you do
get the chance, scuba diving here on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica is well
worth your time, as the eastern section of Costa Rica is home to the country’s
only coral reef off the coast of the Parque Nacional Cahuita. Though seriously
damaged by an earthquake in 1991, the reef here is home to over 123 species
of fish, 140 species of mollusk, and 35 species of coral.
Taken from: http://www.govisitcostarica.com/category/outdoorRecreation/divingCompanies.asp
10

11. Now, choose the correct answer to complete each stamement.
1. The word pethora in line 5 is a synonim for the word ___________
a. Poor
b. Over abundance
c. Lack of
d. Needed
2. The
word
stunning
on
line
number
7
is
a
synonym
for
the
word________________________
a. Simple
b. Ugly
c. Regular
d. Breath Taking
3. Dive companies can be found ____________________________
a. Everywhere in Costa Rica
b. Only on the Coast
c. Only in the Carebbean
d. Only on Drake Bay
4. To practice diving in Costa Rica you _________________________
a. Must have your own equipment
b. Can rent the necesary equipment
c. Must have an international diploma
d. Should like animals
5. According to some people _______________ is the best place to practice
this sport
a. Isla del Cano
b. Drake Bay
c. Hermosa Beach
d. Ocotal Beach
11

12. 6. The _______________ is better than the _______________ to practice this
sport
a. Pacific Coast – Caribbean
b. Caribbean – Pacific Coast
c. Parque Nacional Cahuita – Ocotal
d. Ocotal – Parque Nacional Cahuita
Answer the following questions based on the reading.
1. What are some factors that makes Costa Rica an ideal place to practice
diving.
2. Where is Costa Rica’s only Coral Reef?
3. What can you find in Isla del Cano?
4. Why is it that the Caribbean Coast is not as good as the Pacific Coast?
12

13. GRAMMAR POINT
WH- QUESTIONS
We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word
questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters
WH (for example WHy, HoW).
Question Word
What
Function
asking for
something
information
asking
for
confirmation
what...for
Example
about
repetition
or
What is your name?
What? I can't hear you.
You did what?
asking for a reason, asking why
What did you do that
for?
When
asking about time
When did he leave?
Where
asking in or at what place or
position
Where do they live?
Which
asking about choice
Which colour do you
want?
Who
asking what or which person or
people (subject)
Who opened the door?
Whom
asking what or which person or
people (object)
Whom did you see?
Whose
asking about ownership
Whose are these keys?
13

14. Whose turn is it?
Why
asking
for
what...for
reason,
asking
Why do you say that?
why don't
making a suggestion
Why don't I help you?
How
asking about manner
How does this work?
asking about condition or quality
How was your exam?
asking about extent or degree
see examples below
Distance
How far is Pattaya from
Bangkok?
how long
length (time or space)
How long will it take?
how many
quantity (countable)
How many
there?
how much
quantity (uncountable)
How much money do
you have?
Age
How old are you?
asking for reason, asking why
How come I can't see
her?
how + adj/adv
how far
how old
how come
(informal)
14
cars
are

15. Wh- Questions: Word Order
Question Word Auxiliary Subject Verb Complement
Where
Do
They
Go
to school?
When
Does
Mary
watch T.V.?
What
Did
You
Do
What time
Do
They
get up every day?
Why
Does
John
come late?
Who(m)
Did
Ann
Go
with?
How often
Do
They
play
soccer?
yesterday?
Let’s Practice!
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. Click on the boxes in the right
hand column and drag them to the appropriate boxes in the left hand column.
Where does George usually
eat lunch? (
)
1. Because
she's
very
mean to me.
Who do you usually come to
school with? (
)
2. At 8:30 a.m.
What do you want to do this
weekend? (
)
3. In October
How much does it cost to fly
from San Antonio to Mexico
City?
(
)
.
4. Once a week.
When does Barbara plan to
buy a new car?
(
)
5. Let's go to the beach.
What time does Helen have
to be at work?
(
)
6. About 10 miles.
How far is it from here to your
house?
(
)
7. About $500.
Why do you always complain
about your boss?
(
)
8. With my brother.
9. At the restaurant next
How often do you go to the
mall?
(
)
to the shoe store.
15

16. Complete the questions by inserting DO, DOES, or DID.
1. What time _______________ James call you last night?
2. Where ______________ Karen want to go on her vacation?
3. How long ____________it usually take to drive from San Antonio to Dallas?
4. Why ____________Ken come to school on the bus today?
5. How often ____________ you go grocery shopping?
6. How far ______________ the boys run last Friday?
7. What ___________ Kathy want to do this weekend?
8. Who _____________ the boys go fishing with the other day?
Fill in the blanks to complete the questions.
1.
A: What time __________________ in the morning? (you)
B: I get up at 7:30 a.m.
2.
A: When__________________? (Tony)
B: He goes jogging every morning
16

17. 3.
A: Where___________________? (Randy)
B: He lives across the street from North Star Mall.
4.
A: Who_________________with? (Anna)
B: She comes to school with her brother.
6.
A: How much___________________to get an oil change? (it)
B: It costs about $30.00.
7.
A: What kind of car____________________? (your brother)
B: He has a Ford Taurus.
8.
A: What_______________________to buy at the mall? (you)
B: I want to buy a pair of black shoes and some blouses
17

18. Change the statements to questions using the question word in parenthesis.
Check verb tense.
Example: The train arrived at ten o’clock.
(what time) What time did the train arrive?
1. They do their homework at night.
(when) ________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.
(who) __________________________________________________________
3. The car is across the street from the house.
(where) ________________________________________________________
4. I like the red blouse, not the blue one.
(which) ________________________________________________________
5. She felt better after she took a nap.
(how)__________________________________________________________
6. That is an English book.
(what) __________________________________________________________
7. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday
(when) _________________________________________________________
8. She talked to him for an hour.
(how long) ___________________________________________________
9. He studies piano at the university.
(what) _______________________________________________________
18

19. 10. The party lasted all night.
(how long)____________________________________________________
11. The check was for $5.50.
(how much)_____________________________________________________
Reading
Before you read the text think about these questions.
1. Who is Lobito Fonseca?
2. What sport did he practice?
3. What do you know about him and this sport?
Now read Lobito Fonseca’s story
Born on September 3, 1981 in San José, Costa Rica, Fonseca began riding dirt
bikes at the age of 5. At 12 years old, his natural talent had led him to the
United States for a chance to race in mini-classes where he dominated the
80cc class. At this point, Ernesto decided to move up to the 125cc Pro class,
where the powerhouses of Costa Rican motocross such as Adrian Robert,
Rodolfo Peña, Arnoldo Beeche, and others had a tough battle for the
championship.
At first, there was a little controversy since MotoClub de Costa Rica has a rule,
that the minimum age to ride 125's was 17. In the end M.C.C.R. modified this
rule and Fonseca was perfectly legal in the 125cc class. It was in his first
exhibition race in la Guácima where Fonseca showed his talent by beating
Adrian Robert. From here on, Ernesto and Adrian Robert were the fans
favorites and the all time contenders for the 125cc & 250cc class titles, battling
one each other race after race. Ernesto's dominance also gave him several
125cc Latin American motocross championships. Fonseca kept a busy
schedule competing in winter Olympics and Loretta Lynn's amateur motocross
19

20. championships where he met his long time friend Ricky Carmichael. In 1999,
Phil Alderton and Erik Kehoe of Yamaha of Troy would hire him to race the
AMA Supercross Series East.
It was just matter of time for Fonseca to step up to AMA motocross. AMA Pro
Racing, and Yamaha of Troy (Y.O.T.), embraced him and made him feel at
home. A confidence boost for Ernesto was also that he was understudy of
names like Jeremy McGrath, Jimmy Button & others.
That season he had certainly proven himself, winning the first five rounds of the
series, and the championship. For this, Fonseca was named the 1999 AMA
Rookie of the Year award and he went on to win the 125 East division
championship (first championship for Yamaha of Troy as a Team) aboard a
Yamaha YZ125R. Ernesto's second season at Y.O.T. was full of struggles as
he adapted from two to four-stroke bikes. In his third season, now accustomed
to his four-stroke bike and the different riding it requires, he went on to win the
west conference championship. He became the first rider to win both East and
West division championships and also the first rider to win Supercross on a
four-stroke.
As AMA rules state a rider must move to the 250cc Supercross class if they've
won two 125cc Supercross championships, Fonseca joined the American
Honda factory racing team in 2002 joining long time friend Ricky Carmichael.
At Honda, Carmichael helped Ernesto immensely, helping him improve in the
outdoor motocross championship. This was reflected by Fonseca usually
finishing in the top five.
Tragically, Fonseca's career came to an end due to a practice crash that broke
cervicals C5, C6 and C7. Ernesto Fonseca, a tough rider, remains a Costa
Rican motocross legend.
Taken from: www.wikipedia.com
20

21. Now choose the best option to answer each question.
1. When did Lobito Fonseca start riding bikes?
a. When he was a teenager
b. When he was a young adult
c. When he was a child
d. When he was an adult.
2. Where did he have his first competition?
a. In La Guacima
b. In the USA
c. In Mexico
d. In San Jose, Costa Rica
3. For how many seasons did Fonseca participate in motor racing
championships?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
4. Why did Lobito’s career in motor cross end?
a. Because he didn’t want to participate more
b. Because he finished on the top five
c. Because he got injured in an accident
d. Because he needed to be older
21

22. Answer these questions based on Lobito Fonseca’s bio
What was the rule that the MotoClub de Costa Rica have to change?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What was Fonseca doing when he got injured?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What are some categories Fonseca participated in?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What accomplishments did he get on his carrer?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Juan Jose MadrigalPacheco us a Costa Rican athlete. He bécame the first
Costa Rican to compete in Atlanta’s Olympic Games. He debuted the team’s
efforts on July 20 in the 100 meter breaststroke. The 22 year old bachelor had
qualified for the Olympics in a test run in Cuba, where he clocked in at 1:05:54.
In Atlanta, Juan Jose finished the competition in 34th place.
Melissa Mata Corella was 16 years old when she competed in the Olympic
Games ran in Atlanta. She was the youngest member of the team and
competed on July 26, 1996 in the 20 meter butterfly. Melissa qualified with time
of 2:20:53.
22

23. Andres Brenes Mata was the only tico cyclist to go to the Olympic Games in
Atlanta. He had a good shot at a medal after winning the silver Panamerican
Games in Mar de Plata Argentina (1995) and the Tour of Costa Rica and
Guatemala.
1. Juan Jose and Melissa ______________________________________.
a. Competed in the Panamerican Games
b. Held the first place in the race
c. Won an Olympic silver medal
d. Are both swimmers
2. Andres Brenes _______________ in Argentina
a. Was born
b. Won two medals
c. Got the second place
d. Qualified for the Olympics
3. Juan Jose Madrigal _________________________________________
a. Is a teenager
b. Lives in Cuba
c. Got the 22nd place
d. Is an unmarried man
4. Andres Brenes _____________________________________________.
a. Never competed in the Olympics
b. Won a silver medal in Mar de Plata
c. Got two gold medals in Guatemala
d. Finished 34th place in a competition.
23

24. How much do you know about surfing?
Here are some important facts about it!
The art of surfing, called he'enalu in the Hawaiian language, was first observed
by Europeans in 1767, by the crewmembers of the Dolphin at Tahiti; however,
surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture and predates European
contact.
Equipment needed: Wet suit and a Surfboard, any other equipment is almost
optional.
Surfing Ranking (as April 2007) Costa Rica
Name
Open*
Age
23
Impressive
Favorite
Fact
Gilbert
Category
Wave
Salsa
National
Brown
2001-2002
Experience
Hometown
14
Puerto Viejo
12
Puerto Viejo
10
Jaco
Brava
Champion
Nino
Open*
21
Salsa
National
Brava
Champion
Myrie
2002-2003
and
Pavones
Lisbeth
Women’s
Vindas
Bodyboar
Champion
d **
the
24
5-time National Playa
in Escondid
Women’s a
Category
Central
American
Women’s
Champion
24

25. Natalie
Women’s
Bernold
Category
13
2005-2006
Avellana
Junior
7
Tamarindo
Beach
Women’s
Champion
Century
21
Coastal
Estates
Charity
Surf
Classic
Include all the categories*
** with a smaller board.
1. People in that chart must ____________ to practice their sport
a. Wear spikes
b. use a helmet
c. Wear swimwear
d. practice on a court.
2. “Wave” refers to _____________ in the chart
a. The place where these people live
b. the place where they eat
c. Their favorite place to surf
d. a movement in the water
25

26. 3. The people in the chart are very young, __, they have lots of experience
a. Nevertheless
b. even
c. however
d. in addition
4. A hometown is the place where is the place where the surfers
a. Practice the sport
b. live
c. Study
d. their favorite wave is
5. Based only on the chart, you can infer that there _______ in Costa Rica
a. Are at least 2 categories
b. are more than 3 categories
c. Is only one surfing category
d. are at least 3 categories
6. Based only (not on your geographic knowledge) that ______ is a beach
a. Jaco
b. Tamarindo
c. Puerto Viejo
d. Salsa Brava
7. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life
a. Gilbert and Nino
b. Nino and Lisbeth
c. Nathalie and Gilberth
d. Lisbeth and Nathalie
26

27. 8. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life
e. Gilbert and Nino
f. Nino and Lisbeth
g. Nathalie and Gilberth
h. Lisbeth and Nathalie
Read the text below
Young Winners
When talking about successful Costa Rican athletes, we usually think of soccer
players like Paulo Cesar Wanchope or Gilberto Martinez, or we think of the
famous swimmers Claudia Poll or Silvia Poll because their achievements have
been truly outstanding, and at the same time they have become a symbol of
our national pride. However, sometimes we overlook the accomplishments of
other Costa Rican athletes that succeed in other disciplines, and in some
cases these people do not receive the recognition they deserve. For example,
have you heard of Juan Antonio Marin, Ernesto Fonseca or Marco Aurelio
Odio? They are these three men that have put the name of Costa Rica before
the word’s eyes and a little has been said about them. Therefore, below you
will find in plain words why they deserve credits.
First of all, let’s meet Juan Antonio Marin. This expert tennis player obtained
the Coqui Bowl Title in 1989 in Puerto Rico. At this time, he announced he
would do great things. He indeed kept his word when became the first and only
Costa Rican who has won the Copa del Café. In 1992 and 1993, he was twice
champion in doubles and by 1996, he had become a professional tennis
player. After winning against Marcelo Rios from Chile and Michael Chang from
the USA, Marin got his first title of the ATP in the open of Switzerland in
Bastad.
Secondly, a wolf in champion’s clothing Ernesto “Lobito” Fonseca, was
registered in the history as the first motorcycle pilot of the area that won a title
at the age of 17. This prize added to his early successful career: five Latin
27

28. Americans titles, four Central American titles, four amateur tournaments in
USA, 12 national titles, and several other categories in motocross.
The third man to honor is Marco Aurelio Odio Gallardo, who is considered the
greatest Costa Rican bowler in history. He is the only Costa Rican player with
five perfect games (line of 300 points) four here in Costa Rica and one in
Miami. During his 19 years of career, he won La Raza two times (1989 and
1992). He has won the national tournament twice in 1995 and 96, once the
Central American in 1996, and he has won the isthmus’s Champion of
Champions tournament in times. He has also been to 10 World Tournaments.
These great competitors demonstrate that dreams come true when you work
hard for them.
Adapted from: nacion.com<http://www.nacion.com/In_ee/futbol/milenio/cien9/cien20.html
Based on the previous reading choose the option that best completes the
statements or question.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is __________________________
a.
There are successful soccer players
b.
Claudia and Silvia Poll represent our National pride
c.
Not all Costa Ricans athletes are recognized
d.
Aurelio Odio has represented the country in the world
2. Juan Antonio Marin is a successful ____________________________
a. Bowler
b. Soccer player
c. Pilot
d. Tennis player
28

29. 3. Marin became a professional player in ___________________________
a. 1992
b. 1993
c. 1989
d. 1996
4. “Lobito” Fonseca made history when he won ______________________
a. a title the same year of his debut
b. the Latin American titles
c. Central American titles
d. An amateur tournament.
5. Marco Aurelio Odio’s greatest achievement was ___________________
a. Winning “La Raza” tournament
b. Doing five perfect games
c. Winning the isthmus Champion of Champions Tournament
d. Being in ten world tournaments
6. What these three athletes have in common is that __________________
a. The three of them are pilots
b. The three of them are recognized throughout the world
c. The three of them have succeeded at a very young age
d. None of them have worked hard for their goals.
29

30. Now complete the chart below with the information about the athletes
mentioned in the article.
Athlete’s name
Occupation
Sport
Achievements
Solve the following cross-word puzzle with these sentences.
Across
Down
3. You need a racket to play ______
1. ______ is one of the most popular
sport in the USA
4. Claudia Poll is an outstanding __
2. Soccer is played on a ________
5.
An ______ takes part in sport
competitions
3.
Bora and Guimaraes have been
_______
6. An oxygen tank is needed to
to
the
National
Soccer
Team.
practice _______________
7. To ______ is to move on ice with
8. Tennis is played on a _________
skates
9. ________ is a sport that requires
an arrow
8.
______ requires patience and
concentration
10. You can ________ a wave or the
30
11. A _______ is a point scored when

31. net.
the ball enters the goal.
13. In England soccer is called ____
12. ______ shows the best athletes in
the same category.
14. A _______ is a physical activity
15.
17.
A _____ takes place when a
player
hurts
another
Do you like to __________
soccer?
intentionally
during the game
16. __________ is a form of football
played with an egg-shaped ball.
18. To _______ is to fight with gloves
31

32. Second Topic
COSTA RICAN ART, MUSIC AND CRATS
32

33. Objectives

Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.

Linking sentences and paragraphs, structuring ideas.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons

Making themselves understood with little or no difficulty.

Formulating propositions and answering propositions.

Selecting written material that is appropriate to their competence to read
independently.
Art crafts and music in Costa Rica:
Wh_ questions: which, when, what, how many, how, why, etc.
Who is a famous painter/writer?
Where does the ___ play?
Yes/no questions
Do you like/prefer ____?
Is he/she a ____?
Types of music: classical, popular.
Places: Gallery, theater, etc.
Different Kinds of Music!!
33

34. There are many kinds of music. Can you match the different styles of music
with some of its most famous and representative singers?
(
) Country Music
(
) Heavy Metal
(
) Salsa and Tropical Music
(
) Rap Music
(
) Pop Music
1. EMINEM
2. Marck Anthony
3. Carrie Underwood
4. Beyonce
5.
34

35. 35

36. Read the following text
Vegetables Back on the Scene
After two years of silence, Garbanzos is back to give a concert.
Ten years ago a group of teenagers got together and decided to form a music
group that, with time, would become one of the most emblematic Latin Rock
Bands in the Country: Garbanzos. However, two years ago their fans began to
suffer the silence of the band. They stopped listening to the lyrics and sounds
of Garbanzos. The reasons were several: one of its members Gustavo, got
married and left the band. Another had a car accident. “Everything came at the
same time”, said one of them but now they’re back: “We’re older, twenty-eight
on average but…” according to them “better than ever”.
After finishing their studies, the band is giving a concert, it only costs 1500
colones. They’re going to release their new recordings. These are fourteen
original songs compiled in a CD titled “Algo en la Vida” (Something in Life).
However, they’re going to play their old hits, too. It would be two hours of
Garbanzo’s best rock.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the text above.
1. The Garbanzo’s have played ____________________
a. for eight years
b. for the last ten years
c. for the last two years
d. since they were teenagers
2. The Band stopped playing because ______________
a. The members became older
b. They wanted to finish their studies
c. They took time to prepare their new album
36

37. d. There were changes and difficult situations in some of the band’s members
lives
3. The members of the Band Garbanzos are __________ on average
a. Teenagers
b. 10 years old
c. 28 years old
d. 38 years old
4. The Band is going to play ____________ during the concert
a. Only their new material
b. A mixture of their new and old songs
c. The music that made them famous ten years ago
d. Fourteen songs from their album “Algo en la Vida”
Read the following text
Jacques who…? Who is he?
A writer and a musician, Jacques Sagot has become one of the most
prominent personalities in the cultural panorama in Costa Rica. Feeling this
passion for both kinds of art, Sagot studied music and became of the most
celebrated pianist Costa Rica has ever had.
As a writer, he prefers to write short stories and articles for newspapers.
Among his works, we can find Cuentos Magicos y Goticos (Magic and the
Gothic Tales) published in 1998, where the writer bases his tales on fantasy.
Cuentos de Plenilunio (Full Moon Tales) published in 2001, is his second
book. This time the author remains faithful to the narrative style and fantastic
world shown in his previous publication.
Besides these two books, Sagot has published a work titled Ella (She) and
the first volume of Pensamiento en forja (Thoughts under Construction),
37

38. whose second volume was released last year. In these two volumes, he
compiles the articles he has published on page 15 for La Nacion from 1988 to
the present. So the next time you listen to this uncommon name, you will
know who this prolific artist is.
Choose the correct option that completes each sentence based on the
reading above.
1. The text emphasizes to the work of Sagot as _________
a. A pianist mostly
b. A writer exclusively
c. A journalist in La Nacion
d. Booth a musician and a writer
2. In his second book Sagot ________________
a. Writes magic and gothic stories
b. Tries a new way to write short stories
c. Keeps a similar style and topic as in his first book
d. Continues with the second volume of his first book
3. The two volumes of Pensamiento en Forja have been __________
a. Released in 2006
b. Considered fantastic
c. Published by La Nacion
d. Written from 1988 to the present
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Arts Fest will Go On
Organizers of the beleaguered Festival of the Arts, set to begin this weekend in
Limon, were plowing forward at press time, despite a local strike which
38

39. threatened to end the festival before it begins.
The Festival of the Arts is set to offer a wide range of local talent and big name
San Jose- acts, including a multi-genre mix of music, dance, theater and
poetry, with events in Limon, Cahuita and Guapiles from September 19-27
The popular festival was temporarily grounded once before, when Minister of
Culture attempted to shut it down, citing a lack of involvement and interest by
the national public and decreased performance quality. The Minister
subsequently reserved his decision and named a committee to ensure quality
and wide range at this year’s festival.
Festival of the Arts press spokesperson Ana Beatriz Fernandez said organizers
hoped the strike would end promptly, but claimed all events would continue as
scheduled.
The Tico Times, September 19, 2003 (Adapted)
1. The organizers of the Festival of the Arts fear that the ________affects it.
a. Strike in Limon
b. Absence of music
c. Schedule in Cahuita
d. Low quality of music
2. The Festival of Arts lasts ________________
a. Nine days
b. Nineteen days
c. Almost 15 days
d. About two weeks
39

40. 3. According to the text, _____________ tried to close the festival because of
its low quality.
a. Organizers
b. Some strikers
c. The Minister of Culture
d. Ana Beatrice Fernandez
4. The Festival of the Arts ______________
a. Was created by Ms. Fernandez
b. Offers diverse events
c. Was forbidden by the Minister
d. Is an unpopular event.
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
Born in San Jose in 1934, Rafa Fernandez attended the Casa del Artista art
school in Guadalupe, a suburb northeast of San Jose, before accepting a
scholarship to the School of Fine Arts in Nicaragua. There he studied with
Rodrigo Penalba, an influence that would later be reflected in Fernandez’s use
of tone and color. Also influencing the artist’s style and expression would be
the time spent in Spain studying at the Circle of Fine Arts in Madrid. His works
have gained international distinction and have been shown in France, Spain,
the United States, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua and Guatemala.
In his exploration of the human figure, Fernandez employs a magical realism
that is central to his feminine characters. With explosions of color, he creates
the archetypal beauty using themes of desire and fascination combined with
soft and hard form.
The Tico Times, February 4, 2005
1. Rafa Fernandez studied in ___________________
a. Panama
40

41. b. Colombia
c. Nicaragua
d. Guatemala
2. Rodrigo Penalba inspired Rafa Fernandez to ____________________
a. Study at the Casa del Artista
b. Accept a scholarship
c. Use tone and color
d. Go to Spain
3. Rafa Fernandez _____________________ in Spain
a. Studied with Mr. Penalba
b. Got his style and expression
c. Gained international distiction
d. Worked in the Circle of Fine Arts
4. Rafa Fernandez paints ____________________
a. Human figures
b. Antique figures
c. Typical portraits
d. Colored photographs.
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to answer the questions.
The three-time Grammy award winning musical trio Editus realized their vision
with the opening of the Editus Arts Academy. The Academy has 50 students,
and Ednin Solis expects 400 students to be enrolled, working within a broad
range of musical styles. Solis’ vision for the academy and the types of courses
offered is similar to the trio’s music: a blend of style from across the musical
spectrum.
Editus, an all-instrumental group, “works in parallel with classical and
contemporary music”, Solis said. In keeping with that style, the academy has
41

42. tried to break from the traditional concept of formal musical training and expand
the focus from solely classical to styles such as rock, jazz, Latin and electronic.
Not limited to music or convention, the academy lends its unique perspective to
Costa Rican artist in the field of theater, dance, painting, literature, film and
poetry through workshops.
1. What’s Editus’ main achievement? They ______________________
a. Launched an academy
b. Play instrumental music
c. Won the Grammy Award
d. Got a national trophy twice
2. What’s Editus’ expectation? To ________________
a. Have hundreds of students
b. Enroll fifty students
c. Open an academy
d. Found a new trio
3. What kind of music does Editus play?
a. A mix of styles
b. Formal music
c. Choral music
d. autochthon
4. What type of courses does Editus offer in their academy? Courses _____
a. Specialized in formal music
b. On musical instruments
c. On sculpture and design
d. In different art fields.
42

43. Imagine you’re going to interview Jorge Jimenez Deredia. What would
you ask him about his career and achievements? Create a draft you’re
your interview with at least 10 questions.
My Interview with Jimenez Deredia
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Read the following text carefully.
Sarchi
Costa Rica is full of delightful places, but Sarchi stands out for the precision,
skill, charm and crafts of its arts which are the best in Costa Rica. Sarchi is
alson known for its carpentry. Josefinos come here to buy skillfully crafted
wooden chairs, tables and beds. These things might be a bit impractical for
foreign visitors to take home, but there are leather comfortable and wood
rocking chairs that can be folded to transport. Beautiful and useful bowls,
plates, cutting boards, napkin holders and the like of all made of native
hardwoods, are also available.
43

44. The pretty town of Sarchi is most famous for the brightly colored, artfully
painted oxcarts, in all sizes, that are made there. Visitors are welcome to enter
the “fábricas de carretas” and watch the master artist at work on miniature
versions of the carretas which are famous worldwide.
Now choose the best option to complete the sentences.
1. The reading says that Sarchi ________________________
a. Is full of things that can be folded to transport
b. Displays garde ornaments in leather
c. Stands for geometrical designs
d. Is the place of fine arts
2. A Sarchi article which is famous around the world is the _____________
a. Wood and leather rocking chair
b. Miniature version of the cart
c. Handmade napkin holder
d. Wooden table.
Now answer these questions based on the reading about Sarchi
1. Why is Sarchi such a popular tourist site?
__________________________________________________________
2. What size ox-carts are sold?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What items do people buy in Sarchi?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What wooden and leather item is made to for travelers to carry?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What kind of wood do the artisans use to make their crafts?
_____________________________________________________________
44

45. Third Topic
COSTA RICAN TYPICAL FOOD
45

46. Objectives

Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,
modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.

Identifying text types.

Identifying the purpose of short messages

Identifying details in familiar material.

Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion
devices.

Producing pieces of writing of various lengths on real and imaginary subjects.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons.
Typical food:

What are the most popular dishes in your community?

What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, etc. ____?

Which, when, how, what kind of____?

Do/does ____ like ____?

What's typical from____? etc.
Functions:
Convincing people to do something.
46

47. Look at these two recipes. One of them is to prepare chili con carne and
the other is to prepare pancakes. Arrange them according to the recipe.
Ingredients:
Directions:
• Simmer uncovered for 45 minutes.
chili powder 1 tbsp salad oil
• In a very big pot add in oil and sauté
1 cup onion 1/2 cup green pepper
garlic, onion, celery, and green pepper
1 lb beans maple syrup
until onion is light brown.
• Slowly add the flour into the eggs
1 clove garlic 1-1/2 cups milk
and gradually add milk until everything
1 tbsp butter 1 tbsp sugar
is completely mixed.
• Once the vegetables are cooked,
2 cups celery butter for frying
add ground beef. Then cook until
1/2 cup flour 2 cans of tomatoes
brown.
1/2 tsp salt 1 lb ground beef
• Cover the bottom of a frying pan with
2 eggs
butter and spoon in a small amount of
pancake mixture.
• Stir in kidney beans, tomatoes, salt,
and chili powder.
• Melt the butter in a small pot. Then
sift the flour, salt, and sugar into a
large mixing bowl.
• Mince garlic and chop onions, green
pepper, and celery.
• Dig a hole in the center of the flour
and break in the eggs.
• When the pancake bubbles, flip it
over and cook until it is brown
Serve with maple syrup.
47

48. Now write the ingredients and procedures appropriately for each recipe.
Chili con Carne
Ingredients:
Procedures:
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
Pancakes
Ingredients:___________________ Procedures:_______________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
_____________________________
_________________________
____________________________
_________________________
48

49. Fruit Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Grapes
Pineapples
Bananas
Apples
Peaches
Pears
Apricots
Plums
9. Grapefruit
10. Oranges
11. Lemons
12. Limes
13. Tangerines
14. Avocadoes
15. Cantaloupes
16. Cherries
17. Strawberries
18. Raspberries
19. Blueberries
20. Papayas
21. Mangoes
22. Coconuts
23. Nuts
49
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Watermelon
Dates
Prunes
Raisins
Not ripe
Ripe
Rotten

50. Vegetables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lettuce
Cabbage
Carrots
Zucchini
Radishes
Beets
Sweet
peppers
8. Chili
peppers
9. Celery
10. Parsley
11. Spinach
12. Cucumbers
13. Squash
14. Turnips
15. Broccoli
16. Cauliflower
17. Scallions
18. Eggplants
19. Peas
20. Artichokes
21. Potatoes
22. Yams
50
23. Tomatoes
24. Asparagus
25. String beans
26. Mushrooms
27. Corn
28. Onions
29. Garlic

51. Meat and Poultry
Beef
1. Roast Beef
2. Steak
3. Stewing
beef
Beef ribs
Pork
6. Veal
cutlets
9. Ham
10. Pork chops
7. Liver
11. Bacon
8. tripe
12. Sausage
4. Ground
5. Beef
51
Lamb
13. Lamb
Shanks
14. Leg
lamb
15. Lamb
chops
of

52. Poultry
16. Chicken
19. breasts
22. drumsticks
17. Turkey
20. wings
23. gizzards
18. duck
21. thighs
24. raw
chicken
25. Cooked
chicken
Containers and Packaged Food
52

53. 1. Bottle
2. Jar
3. Can
4. Carton
5. Container
6. Box
13. A bottle of
soda
14. a jar
15. a can
soup
of
16. a carton of
eggs
17. a container
of cottage
cheese
18. a box
cereal
of
19. a bag
flour
of
20. a package
of cookies
7. Bag
8. Package
9. Six-pack
10. Loaf
11. Roll
12. Tube
53
21. a six pack
of soda
22. a loaf
bread
of
23. a roll
paper
towels
of
24. a tube of
toothpaste

54. Food and drink
2
1
11
1
10
13
12
10
11
5
5
12
4
2
3
7
3
6
7
8
9
9
8
54
4
6

55. Across
Down
1. Sweet food made by mixing flour,
eggs, butter, sugar, etc.
2. Two slices of bread with food
between them
3. A sweet brown food made from
cacao seeds
4. An oval object with a hard shell
6. A green or purple berry made for
making wine
5. A red vegetable often eaten in
salads or cooked
8. A vegetable with a stem and cap
which grows rapidly
7. A plant with large green leaves
10. A long thin orange vegetable
that grows under the ground
9. A white liquid
13. A type of a small cake that is
thin, hard and usually sweet
11. A large vegetable with green
leaves and a white round centre
that you cook and eat
12. A vegetable with many layers
and brown skin which has strong
smell and taste
Cooking Vocabulary
Match the words with the according picture.
a
c
b
Pour
Stir
Cut
Fry
e
d
Grill
g
Melt
Peel
f
g
Bake
i
Add
Boil
h
j
Read the recipe and complete it instead of the pictures.
55
Chop

56. Brownies
Recipe taken from:
http://www.cacaoweb.net/brownies.html
Ingredients
1+1/3 cup _____________________
1+½ cup _______________________
4 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
¾ cup (170 g) ______________________
3 fl oz (0.9 dl) boiling _________________
3 ____________________
4 oz (120 g) ___________________
5 oz (150 g) chopped walnuts or pecan nuts
Frosting
1/3 cup (75 g) ___________________
8 oz (220 g) sweet or semisweet _______________________
2 tablespoon light corn syrup
2 tablespoon hot espresso or very strong coffee
56

57. Method
Preheat
_____________ to 350 deg F (Gas mark 4 or 180 deg C).
Line a 13 x 9 in (33 x 23 cm) cake tin with grease proof or other non-stick paper
and grease the tin. Put it in the ________________________
Put the ________________ in a saucepan.
In a bowl mix _________________
baking powder and vanilla extract.
Add
_________ melted
____________,
, cocoa powder,
and hot ________ and stir until smooth.
add _______________ and nuts.
______________ at 350 degrees F until a wooden pick inserted in
center comes out clean, approximately 20-30 minutes.
Cool the
__________________
______________________frosting.
For the frosting, add
___________
and heat in a double boiler until melted.
Mix until smooth and spread over the cake.
57
.
Glace
with
the
,___________syrup and coffee

58. Label the pictures. Use the word bank.
Grilled
roasted
boiled
baked
___________________
______________________
_________________
fried
_______________________
______________________________
Now fill in the blanks based on the pictures above.
a. Burgers are grilled on a barbecue
b. Water is ______________ in a saucepan on the stove
c. Cookies are ____________________ in an oven
d. Chicken is ____________________ in a frying pan.
e. Hot dogs are ______________ over a fire.
Let’s Practice the Vocabulary
Unscramble these words, use the clues.
a. To mix with a spoon ( i t r s ) _____________
b. To combine two ingredients or to put them together ( d a d) ___________
c. To cook something in an oven ( k a b e ) _____________________
d. To heat liquid until it reaches 100 o C ( I b i o ) _____________________
e. To serve a liquid like coffee, tea or water ( u r p o ) ________________
58

59. f. To chop, divide or slice something with a sharp instrument like a knife.
( t u c) __________________
g. To liquefy or dissolve by heating (e m t l ) __________________
h. To stir or whisk vigorously ( a e t b ) ______________________
Read the following recipe by writing the appropriate verb. Use the words on
the box to complete it.
Chocolate Cake
Beat
4 oz of sugar
Pour
4 oz of flour
Cut
4 oz of butter
Add (twice)
1 bar of chocolate
Mix (twice)
2 eggs
Melt
½ tsp vanilla
Bake
_____________ the sugar and butter together in a mixing
bowl, then ___________ two eggs and __________ the whole
mixture. _____________ flour a little at a time. _________ a
chocolate bar in a pan over low heat and _________ to the
rest. ___________ this mixture into a greased cake pan, and
_________ for 40 minutes at 350o C
Then when it’s ready _____________ into pieces and offer it
to your friends and family!
Bon Appetite
59

60. Food Adjectives
Bland
Sweet
Sour
green
Cylindrical
Indian
Round
Spicy
Hot
Cold
Oval
Italian
soft
Crumbly
Creamy
Delicious
Japanese
Crunchy
oily
Crispy
Cream white
Hard
Fluffy
Chinese
Chewy
Disgusting
purple
Put the adjectives above under the correct tables.
Taste
sweet
Shape
Colour
round
green
60
Texture
chewy
origin
Chinese

61. What does the apple taste like?
Use some adjectives to describe these foods.
Food
Taste
Color
61
Shape
Texture

62. Read the following excerpt.
Costa Rican Cuisine Dictionary
Arracache: a delicious root that is cooked in a picadillo, usually eaten with
corn tortillas in gallos.
Bocas: Complimentary food served with drinks as an appetizer or between
meals
Ceviche: Diced raw fish mixed with onion, garlic, cilantro and lime juice,
usually served as a snack with crackers, ketchup and mayonnaise.
Chifrijo: Tender Beans, avocado, toasted tortillas, tomato and fried pork, one
of the most popular bocas nowadays.
Empanadas: (Corn turnovers) Tortillas folded in two forming a shell and fried
in oil, filled with beans, mashed potatoes, pork, sausage, beef, cheese … or
sweet ones filled with pineapple jelly or others.
Frescos: Fresh fruit drinks made with sugar, fruit, water or milk. Some of the
most popular ones are tamarind, lemon, star fruit, and cas in water; or
blackberry, papaya and guanabana (sour sop) in milk.
Gallos: Corn tortilla with meat, beef, chicken, beans, white cheese, or picadillo
in it.
Rice and Beans: Gallo pinto cooked in coconut milk and served with chicken,
a typical dish from the Caribbean area.
Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence based on the previous
excerpt.
1. Bocas are ________
a. Desserts
b. Snacks
c. Side dishes
d. Main course
2.
a.
b.
c.
A difference between empanadas and gallos is that empanadas _______
Are fried, and gallos aren’t
Are made with corn, and gallos are not.
Are prepared with tortillas, and gallos aren’t
62

63. d. May be filled with cheese and gallos may not.
3. The fact that both ____________ is a similarity between chifrijo and
ceviche.
a. Are made with fish
b. Must be eaten warm
c. Are served as appetizers
d. Have corn in their preparation.
Can you say what’s in other meals?
Tamales:
Pati:
Hamburguers:
Hot Dogs:
What’s your favorite typical food?
__________________________________________________________
How often do you eat it?
__________________________________________________________
How do you prepare it?
__________________________________________________________
63

64. Where do you usually eat it?
__________________________________________________________
How to prepare a delicious Ceviche
Ingredients:
1 lb (450 g) white fish
1 small onion
1 clove garlic
Chopped cilantro
¾ cup of lime juice
¼ teaspoon of salt
Mild pepper
Preparation
Dice fish. Mix onion, garlic and the chopped ingredients. Add the lime juice.
Mix all the ingredients and refrigerate at least two hours.
Serving
You may serve it with mayonnaise, ketchup and boiled green plantains.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the
previous recipe.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Three of the ingredients in the ceviche are ________
Onion, garlic and ketchup
Green plantains, fish and chili
Chopped fish, lime juice and chopped cilantro
Lime juice, mayonnaise and chopped cilantro.
In this recipe the fish is ____________
Raw
Ripe
Fried
Boiled
Ceviche is a ___________ dish
Hot and salted
Cold and sweet
Salted and cold
Sweet and warm
64

65. Read this e-mail
Hi, Becky
I got your list of questions about Costa Rican typical food. I love cooking and my
mom is a great cook too! First of all, the main ingredients of our food are rice, corn,
beans, coriander, garlic, oregano, a version of Worcestershire sauce, fresh fruit,
meat and vegetables. Our food is usually mild. And every dish is tastier if you
prepare it in a wood burning-stove. We usually have breakfast, lunch, dinner and a
coffee break. For breakfast, we usually have coffee or sugar cane hot drink, bread,
butter, sour cream, cereal or scrambled eggs. The most common dishes are the
“gallo pinto” (literally it means spotted roaster! I’ll send you the recipe) and
“casado” (married man dish). The casado consists of white rice, black or red beans
served with pork, steak, fish or chicken, a portion of salad, some picadillo (chopped
vegetables, with or without meat) and / or fried ripe plantain. This dish is usually
eaten for lunch or dinner. Other traditional dishes are rice with chicken or with
shrimps (my favorite), tripe soup, olla de carne (beef soup), tortillas (like the burrito
tortillas you eat in the USA, but made of corn flour), tamales (cornmeal, stuffed
with pork or chicken, wrapped in bananas leaves and boiled).
Some traditional drinks are horchata (made with ground rice) and resbaladera
(made with rice and barley). In addition, we make juice of almost any fruit we have.
For example, I love blackberry, mango, and passion fruit juice. Among desserts,
the most common ones are rice pudding and fruit salad. For coffee break, people
usually have coffee and some pastry or bread with sour cream; I like yoghurt and
fresh fruit, though.
Hope this information will help with your assignment! Write soon and tell me about
American Food.
65

66. Now based on the e-mail read the sentences and write if they’re True or
False. Write (T) or (F) or NG if the information is not given.
Statement
Becky is a good cook
T/F/NG
Carla’s mother can cook
Carla has pastry and coffee for coffee break
Casado has some kind of meat in it
The recipe of gallo pinto is described
Mondongo soup is made with beef
Picadillo is made with vegetables
Food is better if prepared in a wood stove
Imagine you invite a Canadian friend for lunch. Write a well-balanced, typical
Costa Rican menu.
66

67. Read the text and choose the best alternative that best completes each
sentence
Costa Rica Style with a “Chorreador de Café”
We are well acquainted with the traditional way of coffee brewing. Our coffee
machines are quite popular throughout the country, many of us are still using the
traditional “chorreador de cafe”. You will find those at the Central Market or just email
us,
we
usually
have
on
stock…
ask
for
information
at
costaricatours@earthlink.net
The Costa Rican method is simple. All you need is a wooden stand with a round
hole at the top. There you place a cloth filter to hold the ground coffee (two
tablespoons of fine ground coffee per cup). Bring water to a boil and pour it down
the filter and into the coffeepot, which has been placed underneath the cloth filter.
It is critically important to bring water to a boil; otherwise coffee will lose its aroma
and flavor properties.
1. The use of “chorreador de café” is very ________ in Costa Rica?
a. Ancestral
b. Restricted
c. Uncommon
d. Inexpensive
2. The “chorreador de cafe” __________
a. Is made by costaricatours@earthlink.net
b. Has a hole on the base
c. Is made of wood
d. Boils water
3. You need _____ to filter the coffee
a. A round hole
b. A fabric bag
c. Cold water
d. A coffeepot
67

68. 4. Using very hot water, makes be _______
a. Acid
b. Flavorless
c. Bitter and insipid
d. Fragrant and savory
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
“Tico” food is neither spicy nor, in many respects unfamiliar. It is built around the
basis of rice, beans, corn, vegetables, meat, chicken or fish and usually served
with corn tortillas. Breakfast typically features a delicious mixture of rice and black
beans known as “gallo pinto” which may be accompanied by eggs, corn tortillas
and sour cream. Calorie counters may prefer a tropical fruit plate of papaya,
watermelon, pineapple, bananas and, in season, mango or cantaloupe. Casados,
popular at midday, are huge plates of white rice, beans, fried plantains, salad,
cheese, diced vegetables and your choice of meat, chicken or fish. Hearty soups
are a favorite for dinner. Commonly served desserts include caramel or coconut
flan, several type of pudding, and a cake called “tres leches”. The fresh fruit
drinks, are flavorful and healthy. Any kind of fruit, from strawberries to mango, is
mixed in a blender with crushed ice, either water or milk and a little honey or
sugar.
Adapted from Costa Rica Horizons
1. Costa Rican food is ____________
a. Commonly served with watermelon
b. Mainly based on rice and beans
c. Based on tropical fruits
d. Spicy and unfamiliar
68

69. 2. The favorite dish people enjoy at lunch is __________
a. A soup
b. A casado
c. Diced vegetables
d. Several types of pudding
3. A “tres leches” is _____________
a. a mixture of water, milk and honey
b. one of the favorites after meals
c. made of caramel and coconut
d. flavorful and healthy
4. Gallo Pinto is typically served at ________________
a. breakfast
b. lunch
c. dinner
d. any time
Creative Cooking
By Christine Dietz – The Tico Times Staff
Flat Bread
(Makes 2-3 flat loaves)
5 cups wheat flour
5 tbsp dry yeast
½ tsp. salt
Disolve Yeast in 1/3 cup of warm wáter. Place fluor and
salt in a bowl and form a well. Pour in yeast. Add rest of
water and knead with greased hands (use some olive oil)
until the dough becomes soft and non-sticky. Cover bowl
with a kitchen cloth and let stand in a warm place for 30
minutes until dough has doubled in size.
1 1/3 cup warm water
1 tsp olive oil
1 tbsp water
1 egg yolk
1 tsp. honey
1 tbsp. linseed
2 tbsp. sesame seeds
Form flats by stretching the dough with your hands,
leaving ends thick. Place on a greased baking tray. Press
your fingers slightly on the flat, forming rhombic patterns.
Mix water, yolk, honey and olive oil in a small cup and
spread on the flats. Sprinkle with linseeds and sesame
seeds. Preheat oven and bake under minimum heat for
15 minutes and under highest heat for 30 minutes until
flats become well browned
69

70. 1. To make flat bread, first you ________________
a. Dissolve flour and salt in warm water
b. Spread 1 egg yolk on tray
c. Melt 5 tbsp. yeast in water
d. Add 5 cups wheat flour
2. After pouring the yeast into a bowl with flour and salt, you _________
a. Add 1 tsp. olive oil
b. Grease the bowl with olive oil
c. Add more flour and salt and knead it
d. Annex more water and mix with oiled hands
3. To bake the bread, you need to ________________
a. Sprinkle the tray with linseeds and sesame seeds
b. Preheat the oven for 45 minutes
c. Spread honey in the tray
d. Heat the oven in advance
Read the information. Choose the appropriate alternative to answer each
question.
a. I’m going to prepare a special dish today
b. What is it? Paella, shrimps or what?
a. It’s a ham, potato and cheese soup
b. Soup? Let’s see what it includes to be a special dish?
a. You need 12 peeled and cubed large potatoes, two finely chopped onions,
70

71. two pounds of processed cheese, one pound of cubed ham, ground black
pepper, 3 tablespoons of all purpose flour; one cup of milk and water.
b. And how do you prepare this special soup?
First, you place the potatoes, onions, and cubed ham in a large pot; a cover
them with water. Then, you cook the potatoes until they’re almost tender.
Remove about one cup of cooked potatoes and mash in a bowl with the back
of the fork. So, you add some of the liquid from the pot along with the flour and
cheese until you have a thick paste. Add this back to the pot. Finally, let the
soup boil and add pepper to taste.
1. How many ingredients does the person use to prepare the recipe?
a. Twenty
b. Eleven
c. Eight
d. Ten
2. What does the person advice to do first? To ____________________
a. Add pepper and cheese
b. Mix water and hot milk
c. Mash potatoes in a bowl
d. Cook the potatoes, onions and ham
71

72. 3. Which ingredients are used to thick the paste?
a. Water and rolls
b. Milk and black pepper
c. Cubed ham and onions
d. Flour, cheese and potatoes
4. What´s the last step on preparing the soup? To __________________
a. Cut onions into cubes
b. Add pepper when boiling
c. Remove the cooked potatoes
d. Place potatoes in a large pot.
72

73. Fourth Topic
HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS IN COSTA RICA WITH SOME
CELEBRATIONS IN ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
73

74. Objectives

Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences,

Identifying the purpose of short messages.

Criticizing.

Summarizing the gist of new items, messages and narratives.

Identifying details in familiar material.

Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion
devices

Adapting clearly, formal and informal writing styles at a simple level.

Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons
Current events and holiday celebrations:
What's your favorite celebration?
When is it celebrated?
How is it celebrated?
My family is used to going /eating, celebrating, etc. on____?
I prefer ____, etc.
Functions:
Reporting on current events and holidays celebrations.
Requesting and giving information on current events and celebrations.
74

75. Holidays Vocabulary
1. New Year’s Day
8. Fireworks
15. Thanksgiving
2. Parade
9. Flag
16. Feast
3. Confetti
10. Halloween
17. Turkey
4. Valentine’s Day
11. Jack-o’-lantern
18. Christmas
5. Card
12. Mask
19. Ornament
6. Heart
13. Costume
20. Christmas Tree
7. Independence Day
or 4th of July
14. Candy
A. Plan a party
E. Hide
B. Invite Guess
F. Answer the door
Birthday”
C. Decorate the
G. Shout “Surprise!”
J. Make a wish
H. Light the candles
K. Blow
out
candles
house
I. Sing “Happy
D. Wrap a gift
the
L. Open the presents
75

76. Holydays and Festivals
Think about these questions and answer them
What is the most important celebration in Costa Rica?
_______________________________________________________________
How do you celebrate it?
_______________________________________________________________
Which country would you like to go to participate in the carnivals?
________________________________________________________________
April Fool’s Day
Rio de Janeiro’s Carnival
April Fool’s Day is celebrated in the USA
on April 1st, Americans play small tricks
on their best friends and relatives by
making them believe facts/things which
are not real or by putting them in
embarrassing situations that make them
feel ridiculous in front of others. One
common trick on this day is making an
appointment with somebody and then not
showing up. These are some other
practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar
bowl for the next person to use it. College
students set their clocks an hour behind,
so their roommates show up at the wrong
class. Most April Fool Jokes are in good
fun and aren’t meant to offend anyone.
The anual carnaval in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil started around
1840, Brazilians celebrate this
famous carnaval at the beggining
of february. They offer prizes for
both costumes and music; the
competition results in a varied
and imaginative entries in both
categories. It is the most famous
carnival in the world.
Barranquilla’s Carnival
This carnival is celebrated in Barranquilla,
Colombia. It is on the second weekend in
February. Colombians have four famous
events in the carnival: “The Battle of the
Flowers”, “The Great Parade”, “The
Orchestra Festival” and the “Vallenato
Festival”. They finish the carnival with the
death of “Joselito’s Carnival”
76
The Day of the Death
The Day of the Death is
celebrated
in
Mexico
on
nd
November 2 . It is when
Mexican families spend at the
cemetery visiting the graves of
their relatives, cleaning up and
painting their headstones. They
always arrange flowers for the
dead and light candle lights.
They offer food to their dead and
then they have lunch together
there.

77. Fill out the Chart based on the previous information
What is the name
of the
celebration?
Where do they
celebrate it?
Rio de
Brazil
When do they
celebrate it?
How do they
celebrate it?
Janeiro
On November 2nd
Barranquilla’s
Carnival
April Fool’s Day
Classify the following words or phrases in each group.
Wine
dancing
sending cards
candy
Desserts
chicken
putting on a costume
Halloween
Receiving gifts
day of the Dead
Thanksgiving
Christmas
Activities
New Year’s Eve
cake
Food
77
Celebration

78. Jane is talking to her mom, Kate. She couldn’t be with her family on
Thanksgiving. Read their conversation
a. Hello,Mom
b. Hi, darling. Did you call me this morning?
a. Yes I did. But you weren’t at home. Mom, I’m really sorry that I couldn’t be
with you last Thursday for Thanksgiving.
b. What happened?
a. Well, I didn’t book my flight in advance from Washington to Tallahassee.
When I went to the airport all the tickets had been sold. What did you do on
Thanksgiving?
b. Dad, Mary and Sally were at home. We all prayed and had dinner together.
We ate turkey, cranberries, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. It was a
wonderful evening.
a. Sounds great! I just stayed at the university dormitories with two friends of
mine. In the morning, there was a mass at the university chapel and I went
with them
b. I hope you come next year
a. I promise. I’ll see you in December, Mom.
b. Bye, sweetie.
Check “Jane” or “Kate” to specify who did each action
Jane
She
couldn’t
fly
to
Washington
She went to a mass
She
prayed
with
her
family
She
ate
thanksgiving
dinner
78
Kate

79. The Simple Past Tense
Uses
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a
specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the
specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday.

I didn't see a play yesterday.

Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

Did you have dinner last night?

She washed her car.

He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These
actions happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
79

80. 
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and
met the others at 10:00.

Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A
duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years,
for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years.

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

They sat at the beach all day.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

A:
How
long
did
you
wait
for
them?
B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It
can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking
about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never,
when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
80

81. Examples:

I studied French when I was a child.

He played the violin.

He didn't play the piano.

Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which
are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar
to the expression "used to."
Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

He didn't like tomatoes before.

Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular
verbs and regular verbs:
V1
V2
V3
base
past
past participle
regular
work
worked
worked
verb
explode exploded exploded
all regular verbs
like
liked
liked
ends in -ed.
irregular
go
went
gone
The past form for
verb
see
saw
seen
irregular verbs is
81
The past form for

82. sing
sang
sung
variable.
You
need to learn it by
heart.
You do not need the past
participle form to make the
simple past tense. It is
shown
here
for
completeness only.

The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + main verb
Past

The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
Did

Base
The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
Did
Base

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did,
you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look
at these examples with the main verbs go and work:
subject auxiliary verb
main verb
+ I
went
worked
You
-
to school.
very hard.
She
Did
not go
with me.
We
Did
not work
yesterday.
? Did
You
go
82
to London?

83. Did

They
work
at home?
Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was,
you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an
auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we
exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:
Subject
+ I, he/she/it
main verb
Was
here.
You, we, they Were
-
I, he/she/it
Was
not there.
You, we, they Were
? Was
Were
in London.
not happy.
I, he/she/it
right?
you, we, they
late?
Exercises
Change the verbs in the following sentence into past tense.
1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.
____________________________________________________________
2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes in order to find a parking
space.
___________________________________________________________
3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.
4. The waitress asks us if we have reservations.
5. I say, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
____________________________________________________________
83

84. 6. The waitress tells us to come back in two hours.
____________________________________________________________
7. My client and I slowly walk back to the car.
____________________________________________________________
8. Then we see a small grocery store.
____________________________________________________________
9. We stop in the grocery store and buy some sandwiches.
____________________________________________________________
10. That is better than waiting for two hours.
____________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:
1. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.
2. My pet lizard was died last month.
3. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.
4. This morning before coming to class, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.
5. What was happened to your leg?
84

85. Read the text carefully and answer the questions.
Well this happened when I was 12.
We had a school medical exam, which
we had to attend.
That day classes were off. It was just
the medical. Boys’ timings were from 9
to 12 and girls from 12 to 2:30.
When I reached the medical room to
get enlisted it was 10:30. Still I was
asked to wait, as only 3 counters were
working instead of 5. So I had to wait.
When my turn came, it was nearly
11:30 and an attendant who was a
young guy took me in. He took me to
the boys’ room and asked me to strip
off
my
uniform.
He
said
it
was
customary and it would be only for 3
minutes. As no one had seen me
naked that way before, I was feeling
shy.
The doctor checked me promptly but wanted to get a few x-rays of my appendix
done.
I was asked to go to the x-ray room immediately so as to save time. I had
never imagined the x-ray room would be at the far end of the corridor. Luckily no
one was around. But when I finished my x-ray, it was already 12 and the gates
were thrown open for the girls to come in. They were chatting among themselves
when suddenly they saw me.
I was shocked and having nowhere to go, I ran back to the x-ray room, where
they had already shut the door saying "LUNCH TIME".
85

86. Practically every girl who had turned up saw me naked. To make things worse my
clothes were all in the dressing room, which was now occupied with girls so I
couldn’t go there too. At last 2 matrons came and dragged me by my arms right
through the crowd. I still feel mortified by that incident.
Decide weather the following statements are true or false.
a) The boy had to wait for his turn. ___________________
b) A young attendant asked him to get undressed. ___________________
c) The doctor checked him and sent him home immediately. __________
d) The girls saw him naked. ___________________
e) The dressing room was occupied with boys. ___________________
Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
a)
That day there were no classes.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b)
The boy was asked to take his clothes off.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c)
The girls were talking to each other.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d)
He was seen naked by every girl on the corridor
.____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
86

87. e)
He still doesn’t like to think about the incident
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Give complete answers to the following questions:
a) How old was the boy when this incident happened?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) Why weren’t there any classes that day?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Why did the boy feel embarrassed?
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Make questions to the following answers. Mind the underlined words
or phrases.
a) He was 12 years old when the incident happened.
___________________________________________________________?
b) This incident happened in March.
___________________________________________________________?
c) He met the doctor at 10:30.
___________________________________________________________?
d) The boy went home.
___________________________________________________________?
e) The Doctor told the boy to go away.
___________________________________________________________?
87

88. Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form:
a) This happened a long time ago.
____________________________________________________________
b) I was shy.
___________________________________________________________
c) Did you have my clothes?
____________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with the Simple past of the given verbs.
a) The teacher ______________________ (take) him to the boy’s room.
b) The girls ___________________________ (see) him naked
c) He ________________________________ (ask) questions.
d) He ._____________________________ (finish) the medical exams.
e) He ______________________________ (go) home.
Fill in with the Past Simple of the given verbs:
1. Do
2. Go
3. Big
4. Put
5. Start
6.Begin
7.Tell
8.Buy
9.Think
10.Cry
11.Understand
12.Write
13.Read
88

89. 14.Smile
15.Eat
16.Speak
17.Drink
18.Bring
19.Like
20.Cook
21.Run
22.Hear
23.Cut
24.Walk
25.Catch
26.Wake up
27.Sleep
28.Play
29.Say
30.Fall
31.Study
32.Get
33.Feel
34.Miss
35.Work
36. Wash
37.Travel
38.Fly
89

90. 39.Feed
40.Watch
“A very Special Date”
What do you know about Saint Valentine’s Day?
_________________________________________________________________
How do you celebrate it?
_________________________________________________________________
What did you do last February 14th?
_________________________________________________________________
Match the word with its corresponding definition
Definition
1. A
loved
person,
Word
(
boyfriend,
) gift
girlfriend, wife, etc.
2. A present, something given
(
) to cut out
3. To give or to take one thing in
(
) exchange
(
) wallpaper
return for another one
4. Decorative paper for the walls of
a room
(
5. To cook in dry heat, in an oven
) sweetheart
(
6. To wait in a standing position
90
) to stand

91. 7. To
remove
something
(
from
) to bake
something else by cutting all
around it.
Saint Valentine’s Day
It is a special day, celebrated on February 14 th, mainly in the USA and Canada.
On this date, people send greetings, mainly in the USA and Canada. On this date
people send greeting cards called Valentines to their sweethearts, friends and
members of their families. Many valentines have romantic verses, and others have
humorous pictures and sayings like: “Be my Valentine!” On Valentine’s Day many
people give candy, flowers and different gifts to their friends.
How do people celebrate it?
In the United States and Canada, children exchange valentines with their friends.
In some schools, children have a classroom party and put all valentines into a box
decorated beforehand. At the end of the day, the teacher or one of the students
distributes the cards. Many children make their own valentines from red paper
wallpaper, and pictures cut out from magazines.
In Europe, they celebrate Valentine’s Day in many ways. British children sing
special Valentine’s Day songs and received gifts of candy, fruit or money, and in
some areas people bake cakes. In Italy, they hold a Valentine’s Day Feast. In
Great Britain and Italy, some unmarried women stand by their window, waiting for
a man to pass. They believe that the first man they see, will marry them in the
future.
In Latin America they do different things. In Colombia, for example, people give
and receive cards and presents and they play “Secret Friend” at School or at
91

92. Work. To do it, people put their names in a bag and then they take out a different
name to give him/her a present. At the end of the game, they try to identify who
his/her secret friend was.
Scan the text and complete these statements
a. In the USA, people celebrate _____________________________________
b. On this date, they _____________________________________________
c. In Colombia, people ____________________________________________
d. In Europe, children ____________________________________________
Answer the following questions based on your own experience.
1. Do you celebrate Saint Valentine’s Day in your country?
____________________________________________________________
2. When is it?
____________________________________________________________
3. Does it have the same name? If not what is it called?
____________________________________________________________
4. Do you know how did your parents and grandparents celebrate it?
____________________________________________________________
Complete this postcard that Barbara wrote to a friend in Canada using
the words in the box.
Dear Sandy,
Last
week
we
____________
St.
Valentine’s Day at school. We _________ a
great party. I __________ a beautiful
________ to my friend Betty. I decorated it
with colorful paper. She liked it very much.
My classmates brought _____________
and our French teacher __________ a
92
delicious ________________. What about
you? What did you __________ on that
day?
Write soon.
Do
celebrated
Had
gift
Gave
cake
Candy
prepared

93. Write the words below in the appropriate group. You can repeat words.
Cake
turkey
Christmas
Cards
candy
Halloween
Tricks
costume
birthday
Pumpkin pie gifts
Candle
tree
lights
carols
Christmas
Guess the antonyms and fill in the crossword puzzle.
3
5.
2
1
D
2
1
3
4
C
O
M
4
P
5
L
E
T
E
93
A
R
K

94. DOWN
ACROSS
1. Incomplete
1. Light
2. Happiness
2. Sad
3. Untidy
3. Dirty
4. Old
4. Fast
5. Interesting
5. High
Before reading
Do you know how do people celebrate Christmas in other countries?
Write an example.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Reading
Scan the text to get specific information and fill in the chart.
Christmas Eve
Native
American
British People
People
Latin American
People
Date of the
Celebration
Typical Food and
Customs
Christmas
Christmas a religious holiday reminds Christians the story of an angel who
94

95. appeared to shepherds announcing Jesus Christ’s (The Savior) birth in a manger
in Bethlehem.
In many places in Latin America manger scenes are set up. Families and people
get together and pray and sing Christmas carols around it. People also get
Christmas Trees on which they
hang lights and ornaments.
This tradition began long ago.
On
shortest day of the year people
brought pines into their houses
to symbolize life and light.
Today people put wrapped
December
21st,
the
presents under it.
In
Latin
America,
people
celebrate Christmas Even on
th
December 24 with a special dinner, fireworks and presents. In England and the
U.S.A, they celebrate it on December 25th.The sit by the Christmas Tree and
open presents that day. In England, there is a Christmas lunch with its traditional
turkey and Christmas pudding. In the States, there is a special dinner with turkey
or ham and desserts like pies.
In
Europe,
Saint
Nicholas,
Father
Christmas
or
Sinter
Class (Santa Claus in the
States) comes into houses and
leaves
the
children. In England, there is a
custom of hanging Christmas
stockings near the fireplace for
Santa to fill with candy and
presents. Americans have this
presents
for
custom, too.
Based on the reading complete these sentences
1. Christmas is a Christian celebration of _____________________________
2. People meet around manger scenes and sing _______________________
3. Christmas Trees are decorated with _______________________________
4. The traditional Christmas meal in the USA and England is _____________
5. Traditional symbols of life and light are _____________________________
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96. Writing
Choose the holiday or celebration of the year you like the most.
Brainstorm for ideas in the diagram below, if necessary draw more lines.
When
What
(activities)
Where
(place)
HOLIDAY
Who (you
How
(Preparations)
and who
else)
Why
(Reasons)
Read the following information and choose the alternative that best answers
each question.
The annexation is not the only fiesta happening in the northern province of
Guanacaste. Right now, the town of Liberia is celebrating the golden anniversary
of the annual “ExpoLiberia” fair.
Now in its 50th the fair is sponsored by the Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia,
started on July 18 and will continue until the end of the month.
Featuring bullfights, horse shows and concert, the festival offers an opportunity for
horse breeders to show off and sell their stock. Rodeos, bullfights and horse
shows are the stars of Liberia Festival.
This year, Adolfo Rivas, secretary of the livestock breeders group, said that groups
of breeders from Nicaragua were also coming to show their horses.
96

97. “We have a history of raising horses”, Rivas said. “Horses were here before
Spaniards arrived”
The festival will continue until Saturday, July 27. For more information, contact the
Livestock breeders Group of Liberia at 2666-2469
1.
What’s the main idea of the text?
a. The annexation festival in Liberia
b. Cowboys celebrate fair’s 50th
c. Nicaraguan breeders show in ExpoLiberia
d. The bullfights and concerts in ExpoLiberia
2.
Who supports the 50th ExpoLiberia Fair?
a. The Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia
b. The Nicaraguan Livestock Breeders
c. A group of Spaniards
d. Adolfo Rivas
3.
How long does the ExpoLiberia fair last?
a. Eighteen days
b. About a month
c. Almost fifteen days
d. A month and a week
97

98. 4.
What does Adolfo Rivas do? He _______________________
a. Is a Nicaraguan breeder
b. Raises horses in Spain
c. Is the secretary of livestock breeders group
d. Features bullfighta, horse shows and concerts.
Read the Information and choose the alternative that best answers each
question
Days of Importance
Rash Hashanah is traditionally celebrated with snacks and apples and
honey, symbolizing the hope of a sweet new year. It is a day to give
and ask for forgiveness and promise to make changes.
The shofar, a ram’s horn blown like a trumpet, is sounded 100 times
as a call for repentance, and the Torah scrolls are removed twice
during the services
Tradition says that on Rosh Hashanah, God inscribes all names in the
book of life, and on Yom Kippur the book is sealed with God’s
judgments.
Yom Kippur, or the “Day of Atonement”, is observed 10 days after the
celebration of Rosh Hashanah. It is a somber way to atone for the sins
of the year by fasting, not working and praying and cleansing the spirit.
It is also a day to forgive each other and begin anew.
Yom Kippur services end with an extended blowing of the shofar and
proclaiming Next Year in Jerusalem.
Amanda Schoenberg- The Tico Times, September 19, 2003
1.
What’s the purpose of Rosh Hashanah? To __________________
a. Follow a tradition rope
b. Give and receive forgiveness
c. Eat snacks of apples and honey
d. Celebrate the promise of a new year.
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99. 2.
What’s one of the activities during Rosh Hashnah?
a. The trumpet is blown twice
b. People sounds the ram’s horn
c. People seals the Torah scrolls
d. The shofar is removed 100 times
3.
How is Yom Kippur celebrated? People _________________
a. Fast and pray
b. Work only ten days
c. Promise to visit Jerusalem
d. Promise not to sin in the next year.
99

100. Read the following text then answer the questions.
Christmas is a holiday held on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus,
the central figure of Christianity. The date is not known to be the actual birth date of
Jesus, and may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly
nine months after some early Christians believed Jesus had been conceived, the
date of the winter solstice on the ancient Roman calendar, or one of various ancient
winter festivals. Christmas is central to the Christmas and holiday season, and in
Christianity marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts
twelve days.
Although nominally a Christian holiday, Christmas is also widely celebrated by
many non-Christians, and some of its popular celebratory customs have preChristian or secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday
include gift-giving, music, an exchange of greeting cards, church celebrations, a
special meal, and the display of various decorations; including Christmas trees,
lights, garlands, mistletoe, nativity scenes, and holly. In addition, Father Christmas
(known as Santa Claus in some areas, including North America, Australia and
Ireland) is a popular folklore figure in many countries, associated with the bringing
of gifts for children.
Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve
heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the
holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and
businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily
over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.
Taken from www.wikipedia.com
1. According to the reading, can we be sure Jesus was born on December
25th?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
100

101. 2. What are some possible causes people chose December 25 th to point as
Jesus’ birth date?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What are some modern popular celebrations people acquired about
Christmas trough the years?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. Why has Christmas become more an economical activity than a
religious and spiritual time?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
101

102. Read the following poster
You’re invited to
the
National
Sports Day on
March 30th, 2007.
In
Metropolitan
Park, La Sabana
– Starting at 8 am
For AThletes, sports fans, visitors … Yes
Everybody!
Activities: Wall Climbing –Costa Rican traditional
indigenous games – judo, taekwondo, karate,
cheerleader and gymnastics exhibitions – rugby
match – swimming.
Big Event: National Beach Volleyball Championship
Final
New Attractions: Canopy tour from 8 a.m., to 5
p.m., under the supervision of Green Mountain
guides and 35 minutes long –Kayak exhibition in the
lake – Outdoor spinning lessons.
Closing Activity: Concert
Corporation from 1 p.m. on
with
the
group
Sponsored by the Costa Rican Sport and Recreation
Institute with the support of different associations a
and federations dedicating to promoting sports in
Costa Rica, together with elementary schools and
high schools from all over the country
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the
poster above
1. ________________ are invited to take part in the activities
a. All people
b. People from schools and federations exclusively
c. Athletes, sports fan, visitors, and nobody else
d. Only members of associations that promote sports in Costa Rica
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103. 2. National Sports Day activities last ______________
a. 8 hours
b. 9 hours
c. 35 minutes
d. We don’t know how long
3. ________________ is one of the sponsoring organizations
a. Green Mountain
b. Group Corporation
c. Metropolitan Park La Sabana
d. Instituto Costarricense del Deporte y la Recreación
Read the story
Thanksgiving
September 1620. One hundred and two men, women and children,
known as the Puritans, left the port in Plymouth in England. Their
goal was to reach the Promised Land: a place where they could build
a new community. The “Mayflower” was the name of the old ship that
took them through a stormy voyage. For two months they sailed until
they landed in America, in Cape Cod (now in the State of
Massachusetts) and settled near that place. They called their colony
Plymouth Plantation.
103

104. At the very beginning things were really hard. Half of them died
during the first winter because they did not have the right equipment
or facilities to survive. However, the other half survived because of
the local American Indians helped them: the Indians taught them
how to grow corn pumpkins and beans, how to hunt deer and turkeys
and fish.
A year passed. The colonist (now called pilgrims) got their first
harvest. So thankful they were to the Indians and God for their
survival that they invited their native friends to a great feast.
This is the
true story of the first
Thanksgiving
in all of
Day.
Today
people
the
United
States celebrate this day
with a family gathering and a special meal. It is now a national
holiday in that country.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on
the story above.
1. The Puritans sailed for ____________
a. England from America
b. Cape Cod to Plymouth
c. America from Massachusetts
d. Plymouth Plantation from Cape Cod
104

105. 2. The American Indians ____________
a. Gave colonist a hard time
b. Taught the colonist how to survive
c. Shared their food and shelter with the colonist
d. Waited a winter before they decided to help the colonists.
3. Half of the Pilgrims died ___________
a. During a stormy voyage
b. Two months after their arrival
c. Because of American Indians help
d. Because of the lack of appropriate equipment.
Read the text
August 2nd, a Costa Rican Holiday
There is no doubt August 2nd, our Lady of the Angel’s Day, is an important
holiday for Costa Ricans of different ages and lifestyles
For some people the pilgrimage to our virgen de los Angeles Basilica in
Cartago is really religious, they want to thank, to be healed, that a close
relation be healed, or something else. That is why they pay a visit to the
“negrita”, a black Madonna who is the patron saint of Costa Rica
For others, is just a pretext for a walk with a group of friends, relatives,
colleagues … or by oneself.
Days before August 2nd one can listen to students in their high schools or
to elderly people planning their “trip” and ideas for that day. And the day
after, these same people recall the pilgrimage, in spite of their aching feet.
105

106. Pilgrimage: journey to visit a religious place
to ache: to feel pain
To heal: to become healthy again/ to recover your health
Now choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on
the text.
1. To ________________ may be a reason for going to Cartago on
August 2nd
a.Get better
b. Follow a tradition
c. Admire our Lady of the Angel’s Basilica
d.Connect young students with elderly people.
2. The celebration of our Lady of the Angels’ Day is a tradition for
_______ exclusively.
a.Elderly Costa Ricans
b.High School Students
c. Really religious people
d.People of different religions and ages
3. The pilgrimage is ____________
a. An easy pain free trip
b. A tiring soaring journey
c. A short relaxed time
d. A time to go for a walk to kill time
106

107. Complete this chart about Festivals or Holidays in Costa Rica.
Holiday or Festival
When is it?
107
Traditions or things
that happen

108. FIFTH TOPIC
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES
MISUSE
108

109. Objectives

Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.

Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes some
complex sentences and unfamiliar language.

Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.

Redrafting writing tasks already given, with support guidance.

Expressing and justifying ideas, opinions or personal points of view
Natural resources:
We should ____.
A solution could be ____.
I think/believe that ____.
I agree/don't agree ____.
It's better to ____.
What about ____, etc.
____ may be correct ____.
I would ____. etc.
Functions:
Instructing others to do something.
Stating cause and effect.
Expressing opinions
109

110. Most Common Environmental Problems
Water Pollution and Air
Pollution
Trash Can
Deforestation
Reforestation
Littering
Ozone Layer
110
Recycle
Can you name another?

111. 1
2
Match the words
with the
corresponding
picture.
3
____ Floods
____Fire
____Volcano Eruption
4
5
6
____ Litter
____Hurricane
____ Earthquake
____ Smoke
____Sound Pollution
____Sewage
7
8
9
____ Global Warming
____ Deforestation
____ Air Pollution
____ Acid Rain
_____Droughts
10
11
12
Complete the gaps with words about environmental threats mentioned
above.
13
14
15
111