1. CHAPTER 6
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CAREER
PATHWAY AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2. Career opportunities in sectors of
tourism and hospitality industry.
• Tourism and hospitality is a diverse industry
which offers long-term career opportunities
for enthusiastic individuals who want to put
their education and skills to work in various
environments.
• People in tourism and hospitality may work
indoors or outdoors, standard hours or on a
flexible schedule, seasonal jobs or all-year-
round. It’s one of the most exciting and
diverse career paths out there.

3. What Is Tourism and Hospitality?
• The tourism and hospitality industry can be
divided into five career areas:
accommodation, food and beverage services,
recreation and entertainment, transportation
and travel services.
• All of these areas involve providing services to
people.

4. What Kinds of Careers Are Available in the
Tourism and Hospitality Industry?
• From operational positions to management
and executive-level responsibilities, you'll find
opportunities for solid training, knowledge
and skill development along with unlimited
career growth.
• The tourism and hospitality industry also
offers a unique environment for those who
wish to start their own business.

5. Operational Positions
• These usually involve direct contact with
tourists and are often the first step in a
lifetime career. Sample jobs include:
-Ski Repair Technician
-Bartender
-Concierge
-Adventure Tour Guide
-Cook
-Sales Coordinator

6. Supervisory Positions
• These people hire, manage, motivate and
schedule operational positions as well as
provide key functional expertise. Sample jobs
include:
-Guest Services Supervisor
-Ski Patrol Supervisor
-Event Planner
-Restaurant Shift Supervisor
-Team Leader Accounting
-Maintenance Supervisor

7. Management Positions
• These positions involve budgeting, analysis,
planning and change management in order to
help employees and the organization to grow
and prosper. There may also be interaction
with other tourism sectors and community
involvement. Sample jobs include:
-Director of Sales and Marketing
-Head Chef
-Ski Area Manager
-Rooms Division Manager
-Adventure Company Owner
-Attractions Operations Manager

8. Executives
• Executives are often responsible for several
departments or divisions and usually work at a
regional, national or international level. They
are responsible for strategic planning and
have significant budget responsibility. Sample
jobs include:
-Hotel General Manager
-Regional Manager of Restaurant Chain
-Vice President of Human Resources
-Tour Company President
-Convention Centre Executive Director
-CEO of Destination Marketing Organization

9. Employability skills necessary for
success in tourism and
hospitality profession
a. Communication skills.
b. Team work
c. Problem solving
d. Good initiative and enterprising attitude
e. Planning and organizing skills
f. Good self- management
g. Lifelong learning attitude
h. Good technology know-how

10. What qualities do you need to succeed?
• The most important qualities are
communication, teamwork and customer
service skills. Whatever the location, position
or technical skills, to make it in travel and
tourism you need to enjoy challenges and
have the ability to work well with people.
• It is important to appreciate that people
around the world have different ways of doing
things. Working in the travel and tourism
industry, you will come to learn a lot about
people.

11. • To find out what it takes to work in this very people-focused
industry, we asked many people in the industry. These are
some of the qualities they identified:
• maturity and people skills
• the ability to think on your feet
• good selling skills
• the ability to create a rapport with people of different ages
and different cultures
• a sense of humour
• an outgoing personality
• a strong customer service ethic and a desire to help people
• good computer skills
• good organisational skills
• good communication and listening skills

12. • confidence
• leadership
• an empathic attitude that encourages others to place
their trust in you
• health and fitness
• a practical nature and commonsense
• good general knowledge
• problem-solving skills
• enjoyment of the outdoors
• the ability to work in a team
• a good memory for people's names
• strong attention to detail, because a little mistake
could mean a major disaster.

13. Entrepreneurial activities
• The tourism and hospitality industries are
dominated by small business and the vast
majority of the entrepreneurs are lifestyles
rather than rational professionals.
• Tourism, hospitality and leisure industries are
primarily based on entrepreneurship and
small businesses (Thomas, 1998,
2000,Morrison et al., 1998, Getz, 2004,
Buhalis and Main, 1998).

14. The importance of entrepreneurial
activities
• Change initiation: the capability of identifying an
opportunity for creation or innovation and the
ability to turn it into a reality
• Creative resourcing: ingeniously marshalling
resources of both financial and managerial nature,
from a complex set of sources, in order to mobilise
and realise the opportunity.
• Entrepreneurial learning: motivation to acquire the
necessary knowledge and expertise through
relevant exploration and reflection, in order to excel.

15. • Innovation and creativity: renewal of
products or services by adding value
through application of expertise and
imagination.
• Knowledge leadership: development of
sources of management information to enable
first mover capability, effective strategy
formulation and implementation.
• Opportunity alertness: continuous focus on
emerging trends and opportunities to be
captured and realised.

16. • Relationship management: maintenance of
effective teams, networks, and flexible
management structures.
• Timing of action: acting within a limited
window in which an opportunity can be
optimised.
• Vision and strategic orientation: Formulation
of ambitions, and strategies to realise them.

17. Example of entrepreneur in
hospitality & tourism industry
• Yayasan Pembangunan Usahawan (YPU)
Terengganu open a hotel name T-Hotel KUT
at Kompleks Usahawan Terengganu (KUT) at
Kampung Banggol Tuan Muda.

18. Knowledge, skills and aptitude needed
to be successful as an entrepreneur in
tourism and hospitality.
Small Business Owner/Operator
Tourism Small Business Owner/Operators are
accountable for planning, decision-making and
management of all aspects of the tourism business.
An Owner/Operator must continuously review and
update business plans, check budget figures, monitor
accounting and cash control procedures and ensure
the overall operation of the establishment is in line
with predictions.

19. Responsibilities:
• Meet and exceed guests' expectations.
• Offer tourism information and promote local
area.
• Use business management skills.
• Use sales and marketing skills.
• Complete financial management tasks.
• Use administrative skills.
• Respond to enquiries and solve problems.
• Maintain facility, equipment and supplies.

20. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities:
• A secondary school diploma is required
• A college diploma or degree in business, tourism, marketing
or management is useful
• Training in both first aid and small business management is an
asset
• Previous experience in tourism is required
• Excellent organizational skills
• Sales and marketing skills are an asset
• Customer service skills
• Good communication skills
• Administrative skills
• Accounting and cash control skills
• Leadership skills
• Human resource management skills

21. • End of Chapter 6.
• Any Questions??

22. REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
• Write a summary of Chapter 6 in mind
mapping.
• Due date: 09/04/2012 (Monday) until
5.00pm.